Article
Engineering, Geological
Danial Shirkavand, Kazem Fakharian
Summary: The shear modulus (G) in sands changes with variations in the degree of saturation. The matric suction in unsaturated sands increases the effective stress and consequently the shear modulus. The relationship between G/Gsat variations and matric suction is complex and requires in-depth evaluations.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fatma Louati, Houcem Trabelsi, Yahya Alassaf, Mehrez Jamei, Said Taibi
Summary: This paper aims to experimentally study the unsaturated permeability (K-unsat) of a clayey soil during desiccation. It was demonstrated that K-unsat was well related to the initial state in terms of density and moisture content. When the suction reaches the entry suction value, K-unsat decreases when the suction increases without the appearance of desiccation cracks. Otherwise, it increases with the growing intensity of the cracks.
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yafeng Li, Rusong Nie, Yipeng Guo, Changbai Wang, Qiang Wang, Zurun Yue
Summary: By conducting cyclic triaxial tests, the resilient deformation characteristics of silty filler under intermittent loading were investigated. It was found that intermittent loading had a reduction effect on resilient deformation, with the most significant reduction effect seen in incremental collapse samples. A classification criterion for deformation behaviors based on the difference of resilient strain between the first and second loading stages was proposed and verified. Additionally, a simpler method to identify the deformation behaviors of subgrade filler was presented based on the stable value of resilient strain under intermittent cyclic loading.
TRANSPORTATION GEOTECHNICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhehao Zhu, Feng Zhang, Qingyun Peng, Jean-Claude Dupla, Jean Canou, Gwendal Cumunel, Evelyne Foerster
Summary: This study highlighted the impact of loading waveforms on the cyclic liquefaction resistance of sand through undrained cyclic triaxial tests. Results showed that rectangular wave loading led to the most severe liquefaction, triangular wave loading resulted in the lowest liquefaction softening, and sine wave loading was in between. In terms of dynamic properties, a unique relationship between the damping ratio and the amplitude of shear strain was observed, and the number of cycles required to trigger a certain level of shear strain depended on the amplitude and waveform. Additionally, a novel parameter based on Arias intensity was proposed to unify the sand liquefaction response.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Min-Chien Chu, Louis Ge
Summary: A large earthquake may lead to excess pore water pressure in soils, resulting in stiffness degradation and noticeable deformation. The average axial strain in the first cycle was found to determine the degradation path of soils. Excess pore water pressure is usually considered to weaken soils.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Arash Azizi, Ashutosh Kumar, David Geoffrey Toll
Summary: This paper discusses the cyclic and water retention response of a clayey sand subjected to repetitive cyclic loading and wetting stages. The results show that the accumulated permanent strains and resilient modulus of the tested soil are dependent on the suction level while the main wetting water retention curve of the soil dictates the variation of the suction measured during cyclic loading and wetting. A void ratio dependent water retention model is developed accounting for the observed bounding effect and employed to predict the measured suction during repetitive cyclic loading and wetting. The suction values predicted by the void ratio dependent water retention model are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results imply that predictive frameworks proposed for the cyclic behaviour of road and railway formation layers require water retention counterparts that incorporate the bounding effect of void ratio on soil water retention curves.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Pingxin Xia, Chao Zeng, Longtan Shao, Xiong Zhang
Summary: This study proposed a new approach to formulate an empirical model of strain accumulation by linking the reloading process in cyclic loading with the monotonic loading process. The evolution of strain accumulation was described by the projection modulus and an empirical formulation for describing the connection between projection modulus and stress levels was proposed. The prediction model of total axial strain in cyclic loading was presented by combining the accurate representation of elastic and plastic moduli during primary loading, enhancing the understanding of strain accumulation mechanism.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Shao-Heng He, Ding Zhi, Yifei Sun, Meisam Goudarzy, Wei-Yun Chen
Summary: This study investigated the stress-dilatancy behavior of calcareous sand under high-cycle loading and found significant differences compared to monotonic loading. The number of loading cycles has a considerable effect on the stress-dilatancy behavior of calcareous sands, leading to a transformation in stress-dilatancy as the cycles increase. A correlation between the number of loading cycles and the flow rule considering the state parameter (psi) was proposed to describe the direction of strain accumulation for calcareous sand under long-term cyclic loading.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Hasan Ghasemzadeh, Mohammad Jafarzadeh, Shervin Ahmadi
Summary: This research conducted large-scale tests on geocell-reinforced soils and found that the placement depth and height of geocells have significant effects on soil characteristics. Under static loading conditions, placing geocells at 0.25 times the sample's height from the top surface can effectively control bulging and reduce settlement. Under cyclic loading conditions, placing geocells at 0.05 times the sample's height from the top surface can significantly reduce cumulative strains.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Amir Hossein Karimi, Amir Hamidi
Summary: This study investigated the effect of phytoremediation on the shear strength of soil contaminated with crude oil. The results showed that phytoremediation can reduce the negative impact of crude oil on soil shear strength characteristics, with the effectiveness increasing over time.
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhehao Zhu, Feng Zhang, Qingyun Peng, Jean-Claude Dupla, Jean Canou, Gwendal Cumunel, Evelyne Foerster
Summary: This study highlighted the significant impact of loading frequency on sand liquefaction response in different loading modes, where the inertia force played a critical role in suppressing sand liquefaction and preventing transient deformation. The loading frequency had notable effects on both liquefaction resistance and transient deformation, particularly in the presence of excess pore water pressure during shearing.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Lu Liu, Xiaofei Yao, Zhanpeng Ji, Hongmei Gao, Zhihua Wang, Zhifu Shen
Summary: Calcareous sand from the South China Sea shows higher liquefaction resistance compared to silica sand, with notable effects from changes in cyclic stress ratio and relative density. Differences in pore pressure generation characteristics and deformation responses between calcareous and silica sands were also observed.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chen Guoxing, Wu Qi, Sun Tian, Zhao Kai, Zhou Enquan, Xu Lingyu, Zhou Yanguo
Summary: The study investigates the liquefaction mechanism and susceptibility of sand-gravel mixtures under undrained cyclic loading, and introduces the average flow coefficient (k(a)) as an index to describe the fluidity of the mixtures. It also proposes a new liquefaction mechanism for these mixtures. The research shows a negative correlation between the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) and the skeleton void ratio (e(sgk)), with particles smaller than 0.25 mm and mass contents less than 30% primarily serving as fillers of intergranular voids in the mixtures.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jia-Quan Wang, Zhen-Chao Chang, Jian-Feng Xue, Zhi-Nan Lin, Yi Tang
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic response of geogrid-reinforced gravel under high-speed train load through large-scale tests, finding that an increase in reinforcement layers leads to a decrease in cumulative axial strain and an increase in resilient modulus. However, both cumulative axial strain and resilient modulus increase with loading frequency.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Xiaoli Wang, Chengshun Xu, Ke Liang, Kamran Iqbal
Summary: A series of numerical tests using the discrete element method (DEM) software PFC3D were performed to gain a deeper understanding of the intrinsic properties and correlations of macro mechanical responses in granular materials. The tests revealed the fundamental characteristics of internal forces and deformations, including critical states, large flow deformations, strain softening, and strain hardening. These findings serve as a reference for studying soil dilatancy and modifying constitutive models.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Hossein Nowamooz, Hossein Assadollahi
Summary: In this article, a simplified analysis method for soil-atmosphere interaction is proposed, which calculates the infiltration rate and soil surface temperature using a simple mass/water balance equation and a thermal based energy balance approach. The method is validated by comparing the deduced surface temperature with field measurements and comparing the derived net solar irradiance with various models. The results from hydro-thermal simulation provide data to determine the affected depth of the soil due to climate conditions and compared to settlement measurements at different depths.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Rahma Ktari, Denis Saint-Laurent, Pierre Hornych, Ferhat Hammoum, Paul Marsac, Mai Lan Nguyen
Summary: The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of climate on the performance of bituminous pavements using different approaches and to examine their impact on real design scenarios. Based on comparisons conducted in different climate conditions, it is found that temperature has a significant effect on pavement design. Considering temperature and moisture can improve the prediction of permanent deformation for unbound materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
P. Leiva-Padilla, J. Blanc, S. Trichet, A. Salgado, F. Hammoum, P. Hornych
Summary: Truck platooning is a solution to optimize road transportation, improving efficiency and safety. By managing inter-truck distances, speeds, lateral deviation, time, and periods of circulation, the impact on the pavement's structure can be minimized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Paulina Leiva-Padilla, Juliette Blanc, Aitor Salgado, Ferhat Hammoum, Pierre Hornych
Summary: Truck platooning is a new strategy that aims to tackle traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and operational costs. This study evaluates the fatigue behavior of pavement structures under individual and platoon truck configurations and finds that shorter rest times between trucks in platoon configuration increase fatigue damage to the pavement.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Juliette Blanc, Diana Khairallah, Diego Ramirez, Olivier Chupin, Simon Pouget, Quang-Anh Ta, Anthony Duval, Pierre Hornych, Sophie Benoist
Summary: The study aims to reduce the settlement and maintenance needs caused by dynamic stresses by adding a bituminous layer in the track structure to decrease the amplitude of acceleration produced by high-speed trains. The results show that the presence of the bituminous layer reduces the acceleration levels under the ballast, leading to improved track stability.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Rodrigo Shigueiro Siroma, Mai Lan Nguyen, Pierre Hornych, Tristan Lorino, Yvong Hung, Aurelia Nicolai, Layella Ziyani, Emmanuel Chailleux
Summary: The phase angle is a powerful tool for studying the chemistry and microstructure variations of asphalt binders. A recent study used unsupervised multivariate analysis to uncover the evolution of the phase angle master curve with aging and proposed a simple indicator, MAI, to quantify the occurrence of asphaltene molecular agglomeration.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Paulina Leiva-Padilla, Juliette Blanc, Ferhat Hammoum, Aitor Salgado, Emmanuel Chailleux, Angel Mateos, Pierre Hornych
Summary: This study presents a parametric analysis on the pavement structure subjected to different platoon truck configurations and suggests that adjusting various factors can help maintain the structural response of the pavement.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Diana Khairallah, Olivier Chupin, Juliette Blanc, Pierre Hornych, Jean-Michel Piau
Summary: This paper analyzes the response of three instrumented track sections of the Brittany Loire high-speed line and models their response using a dynamic model. The comparison between the modeling results and the in situ measurements indicates that the model is able to reproduce the main features of the dynamic response of railway tracks.
TRANSPORTATION GEOTECHNICS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chong Wang, Cyrille Chazallon, Pierre Hornych, Sandrine Braymand
Summary: This paper investigates the permanent and resilient deformation behaviour, as well as the shear and physical properties of different types of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). The results show that all RCA have acceptable physical properties and can be used in pavement construction. However, the use of concrete wastes with low strength and high amount of rounded particles can lead to poor pavement performance.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
X. Q. Le, M. L. Nguyen, P. Hornych, Q. T. Nguyen
Summary: Accelerated full-scale pavement tests are efficient tools for studying pavement behavior, and this paper presents an experimental study on asphalt pavements with different interface conditions. The study analyzes the fatigue behavior and level of damage of the pavements, and introduces a new damage ratio to monitor the general pavement behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiang Zhang, Hossein Nowamooz
Summary: This paper builds a comprehensive numerical simulation model to evaluate the effects of 15 different factors on the properties of unstabilized rammed earth walls, including waterproof capacity, thermal insulation, and pushover strength. The simulation results show that these properties are interconnected, and can be improved by adjusting factors such as dry density, rising damp effect, and fine content.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haitao Ge, Juan Carlos Quezada, Vincent Le Houerou, Cyrille Chazallon
Summary: As traffic increases, the deterioration of asphalt surface layers has become the main cause of road network costs. Current studies on tire-pavement interaction have limitations in modeling the discontinuity nature of asphalt mixtures. A coupling strategy of Finite Element Methods (FEM) and Discrete Element Methods (DEM) was developed in this study to model tire-pavement interaction. The study offers an expansion of both continuum and discrete mechanics methods for analyzing asphalt mixture responses under rolling tire loads.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Rodrigo Shigueiro Siroma, Mai Lan Nguyen, Pierre Hornych, Jean-Pascal Planche, Jeramie Adams, Joseph Rovani, Yogesh Kumbargeri, Yvong Hung, Aurelia Nicolai, Layella Ziyani, Emmanuel Chailleux
Summary: Aging leads to an increase in polarity and higher molecular weight distribution in asphalt binders, indicating molecular agglomerations. The findings of this study show that the delta-method and MAI are reliable in estimating the changes in binder chemistry and molecular agglomeration. These results contribute to a better understanding of binder aging and its impact on pavement durability.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haitao Ge, Juan Carlos Quezada, Vincent Le Houerou, Cyrille Chazallon, Pierre Hornych
Summary: To understand road surface degradation mechanisms, it is necessary to examine the response of asphalt layers under realistic rolling tire loads. This study proposed a novel tire-sensor-pavement coupling chain to incorporate the realistic distribution of tire contact stress into the mechanical modeling of the asphalt layer. The tire contact stress distributions under different tire loading conditions were obtained using a sensor measuring system. The temperature- and frequency-dependent material behavior of asphalt mixes was described through the VENoL model. A new algorithm was developed to simulate the tire-pavement interaction system. The proposed method provides a fundamental requirement for understanding the structural behavior of asphalt pavement loaded by rolling tires and can contribute to asphalt pavement surface design insights.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yinghao Deng, Yang Xia, Di Wang, Yan Jin
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of hydraulic fracture propagation in laminated shale, develops a numerical solver, and validates the effectiveness of the method through simulation experiments. The study also examines the influence of the interaction between hydraulic fractures and weak interfaces on the mechanical properties of shale.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zhichao Zhang, Mingfei Feng, Guangshuo Zhou, Zhenglong Xu
Summary: A thermodynamic constitutive model for structured and destructured clays is proposed in this paper. The model includes state-dependent relations of hyperelasticity and plasticity without the concept of yielding surface. The proposed model captures the couplings between elasticity and plasticity and the effects of bonding structure.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Deze Yang, Xihua Chu
Summary: Creep and stress relaxation behaviors in granular materials are influenced by the time-dependent changes in their microstructure, with particle shape playing a significant role. However, the effects of particle shape on these behaviors are still not well understood. In this study, 3D DEM models incorporating the rate process theory and superellipsoids are used to simulate creep and stress relaxation in granular samples with different aspect ratios and blockiness. The results show that both aspect ratio and blockiness have a significant influence on creep and stress relaxation, with aspect ratio affecting creep through contact force ratio and blockiness affecting stress relaxation through variation in normal contact force anisotropy. These findings provide insights into the effects of particle shape on creep and stress relaxation in granular assemblies.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Shahab Amanat, Kourosh Gholami, Reza Rafiee-Dehkharghani, Dipanshu Bansal
Summary: This paper investigates the optimal design of wave barriers using the modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and the Bloch-Floquet theory. The aim is to find the optimal design of plane wave barriers with a wide bandgap at a low-frequency range and low construction cost. The study develops a modified NSGA-II algorithm to determine the optimal arrangement of concrete in wave barrier unit cells. The performance of the optimal barriers is examined through finite element simulation and their efficacy in attenuating plane S-waves is verified.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yanlin Su, Guoqing Cai, Fengjie Yin, Yepeng Shan, Annan Zhou
Summary: This paper presents a novel elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model that takes into account particle breakage to reproduce the time-dependent behavior of coarse-grained soil. The model integrates the Unified Hardening (UH) model, the elastic-viscoplastic (EVP) model, and the overstress theory. The relationship between particle breakage and loading rate is established, and state variables associated with the critical state of coarse-grained soil are derived to consider both time and particle breakage. A three-dimensional elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model is constructed by combining a one-dimensional viscoplastic hardening parameter with a secondary consolidation coefficient considering particle breakage. The proposed model requires 19 parameters and effectively describes the influence of time-dependency and particle breakage on the shear, dilatancy, and compression behaviors of coarse-grained soil with different confining pressures or initial void ratios. Experimental data comparisons validate the model's ability to replicate the time-dependent behavior of coarse-grained soil.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Shichao Zhang, Yaqiong Wang, Qidong Gao, Xiaobo Ma, Haixiao Zhou, Zhifeng Wang
Summary: Accurately evaluating and predicting ground settlement during tunnel excavation is essential for ensuring tunnel stability. This study conducted a probabilistic analysis of ground settlement under uncertain soil properties. The results demonstrate that spatially variable soils significantly influence the ground settlement in the vertical direction.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Xu Zhang, Bin Luo, Youjun Xu, Zhiwen Yang
Summary: This paper presents an analytical solution for horizontal displacements induced by small radius curve shield tunneling. The formula is derived based on the image method and Mindlin solution, considering additional thrust, frictional resistance, ground loss, and grouting pressure. The solution is validated with on-site data, demonstrating its reliability and providing a new approach for predicting and controlling stratum horizontal displacements in curve shield tunneling. The study finds that ground loss has the most significant influence on displacements, and soil closer to the tunnel exhibits larger horizontal displacements.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jian-Hong Wan, Ali Zaoui
Summary: Ground vibrations during earthquakes can cause soil strength loss and structural damage. Rubber-soil mixtures (RSM) have shown promise in reducing residual ground deformation. This study used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the friction behavior of the rubber-clay interface in RSM systems. The results revealed a direct correlation between normal stress and friction force, with denser soil systems exhibiting higher friction forces.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Hongying Wang, Qiang Zhang, Peinan Wu, Yanjing Li, Lijun Han, Guilei Han
Summary: In addition to the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown criteria, other nonlinear functions are used to describe the plastic response of rock mass. This paper derived the equivalent cohesive strength, frictional angle, and dilatancy angle for nonlinear yield and plastic flow rock masses. The solution for a circular tunnel in any nonlinear yield and plastic flow rock masses was derived and verified using a numerical procedure. The analysis of strain-softening rock masses under two assumed nonlinear yield criteria was also studied.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zhijun Wu, You Wu, Lei Weng, Mengyi Li, Zhiyang Wang, Zhaofei Chu
Summary: This study proposed a machine learning approach to predict the uniaxial compression strength (UCS) and elastic modulus (E) of rocks. By measuring meso-mechanical parameters and developing grain-based models, a database with 225 groups of data was established for prediction models. The optimized kernel ridge regression (KRR) and gaussian process regression (GPR) models achieved excellent performance in predicting UCS and E.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Mingjun Zhou, Zhenming Shi, Chong Peng, Ming Peng, Kahlil Fredrick E. Cui, Bo Li, Limin Zhang, Gordon G. D. Zhou
Summary: In this paper, the erosion and deposition processes during overtopping dam breaching are simulated using a novel method (ED-SPH). The proposed model is able to capture the complex behaviors of dam soil erosion, entrainment, and depositions. Soil deposition hinders particle movement and reduces water velocity at the water-soil interface.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
C. Chavez-Negrete, F. J. Dominguez-Mota, R. Roman-Gutierrez
Summary: To accurately simulate groundwater flow in porous layered media, it is important to consider all environmental factors and use a generalized finite differences scheme as a meshless method for spatial discretization. This approach ensures robustness and accuracy of the numerical solution.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Shuairun Zhu, Lulu Zhang, Lizhou Wu, Lin Tan, Haolong Chen
Summary: This paper investigates the effectiveness of the cascadic multigrid method applied to the improved Picard iteration method for solving nonlinear problems in deforming variably saturated porous media. Two improved Picard iteration methods are proposed, and their effectiveness is verified through numerical examples. The results show that the improved methods have faster convergence and higher computational efficiency compared to the classical method.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yuan Cao, Yan-Guo Zhou, Kyohei Ueda, Yun-Min Chen
Summary: Investigated shear stress responses of enclosed soil in deep soil mixing (DSM) grid-improved ground, and revealed the characteristics of the waist effect and mathematical model for shear stress reduction ratio.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jinfan Chen, Zhihong Zhao, Jintong Zhang
Summary: This study develops data-driven criteria to estimate the peak shear strength (PSS) of rock fractures, considering the effects of surface roughness features. A high-quality dataset is created using particle-based discrete element method and diamond-square algorithm. Tree-based models and convolutional neural network are trained to predict the PSS of rock fractures, and their reliability is verified using experimental data.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2024)