Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Susie Ryu, Jun Hong Kim, Heejin Yu, Hwi-Dong Jung, Suk Won Chang, Jeong Jin Park, Soonhyuk Hong, Hyung-Ju Cho, Yoon Jeong Choi, Jongeun Choi, Joon Sang Lee
Summary: The study proposes the use of deep learning and machine learning to improve the accuracy and convenience of obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis. By segmenting upper-airway morphology and predicting aerodynamic characteristics, it can effectively assist clinicians in making appropriate decisions.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Chengyue Wu, David A. Hormuth, Ty Easley, Victor Eijkhout, Federico Pineda, Gregory S. Karczmar, Thomas E. Yankeelov
Summary: This study introduces a dynamic digital phantom for validating dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging methods, evaluates the performance of standard and ultra-fast acquisitions, and demonstrates the influence of acquisition parameters on image generation.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Thomas D. A. Jones, Richard I. Strachan, David M. Mackie, Mervyn Cooper, Brain Frame, Jan B. Vorstius
Summary: In this research experiment, CFD models were constructed to investigate the effects of different casting speeds on the VUCC process of 8mm OFCu. The study examined the heat transport within the casting die and validated simulations for various casting speeds, identifying trends between simulated solidification fronts and measured grain growth directions. The study also found that pushback and dwell casting motions improved casting conditions.
ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Lipeng Xie, Jayaram K. Udupa, Yubing Tong, Drew A. Torigian, Zihan Huang, Rachel M. Kogan, David Wootton, Kok R. Choy, Sanghun Sin, Mark E. Wagshul, Raanan Arens
Summary: The study develops a comprehensive deep learning-based segmentation system for upper airway segmentation on MR images. The proposed approach shows high accuracy and efficiency in segmenting static and dynamic MR images, indicating its potential for applications in dynamic MRI-related fields such as lung or heart segmentation.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Shi-yu Pan, Ming Ding, Jing Huang, Yan Cai, Ying-zi Huang
Summary: Analyzing the quantitative changes in respiratory functions for critically ill COVID-19 patients with mechanical ventilation revealed a correlation between airway changes and patient prognosis. The decrease in bronchial volume was significantly associated with survival rate, and changes in air flow resistance could serve as a non-invasive method for evaluating patient prognosis.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ming Ding, Jing Ning, Xiuyan Liu, Runze Mi, Yan Cai
Summary: This study proposes an aerodynamics-based assessment method for quantitative functional evaluation of patients with tracheobronchial stenosis. By using computational fluid dynamics analysis on synthetic and patient-specific airway models, the effects of stenotic anatomy on aerodynamic parameters are investigated. The results show that tracheal stenosis significantly influences the resistance of peripheral bronchi, especially for patients with severe stenosis.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anne M. Talkington, Reema B. Davis, Nicholas C. Datto, Emma R. Goodwin, Laura A. Miller, Kathleen M. Caron
Summary: The branching structure and flow characteristics of lymphatic vessels are different from blood vessels, which may be related to the unique functions of the lymphatic system. The optimized branching structure of lymphatics may enhance lymph mixing, particle exchange, and immune cell transport, which are particularly relevant to drug delivery.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Huipeng Xue, Suvash C. Saha, Susann Beier, Nigel Jepson, Zhen Luo
Summary: This paper designs a new type of auxetic metamaterial-inspired structural architectures to innovate coronary stents under hemodynamics, aiming to reduce the occurrence of stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. A multiscale level-set approach with numerical homogenization method and computational fluid dynamics is applied, proposing a homogenized effective modified fluid permeability to efficiently connect design variables with blood flow motions around the stent.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qiang Fu, Zenghao Liu, Shuaiqi Cao, Zhe Wang, Guojun Liu
Summary: A serpentine mixing unit model based on topology optimization is proposed to enhance reverse flow in both horizontal and vertical directions, which leads to a rapid increase in the mixing index. The proposed model is applied in a T-shaped micromixer to create a micromixer design named TOD, which shows outstanding mixing performance. Numerical simulations confirm that TOD has excellent mixing performance at both high and low Reynolds numbers, with mixing indexes beyond 90% for Re > 5.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Fernandez-Llaneza, Andrea Gondova, Harris Vince, Arijit Patra, Magdalena Zurek, Peter Konings, Patrik Kagelid, Leif Hultin
Summary: This paper presents a successful application of deep architectures 3D cardiac segmentation for rats in the preclinical context, which achieves performance comparable to human performance and provides an automated phase selection strategy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Azadeh A. T. Borojeni, Wanjun Gu, Bahman Asgharian, Owen Price, Andrew P. Kuprat, Rajesh K. Singh, Sean Colby, Richard A. Corley, Chantal Darquenne
Summary: The extrathoracic oral airway acts as a barrier for pharmaceutical aerosols and introduces variability in lung deposition. Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict deposition of 1-30 μm particles in CT-based models of adult oral airways. Results showed large intersubject variability in oral deposition, with nebulizers delivering >75% of inhaled aerosol to intrathoracic lungs in most subjects compared to only about half with DPI use. Oral deposition efficiency did not differ significantly between inspiration and expiration, but subregional deposition showed different patterns between the two breathing phases. Incorporating upper airway morphological variation is crucial for accurate predictions of aerosol deposition in the lung.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Vito A. G. Ricigliano, Celine Louapre, Emilie Poirion, Annalisa Colombi, Arya Yazdan Panah, Andrea Lazzarotto, Emanuele Morena, Elodie Martin, Michel Bottlaender, Benedetta Bodini, Danielle Seilhean, Bruno Stankoff
Summary: By using MRI and PET imaging, this study found changes in the choroid plexus (CP) in patients at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis (MS), including larger CP volume and higher inflammation response. These findings suggest that CP imaging may serve as an early biomarker for MS and support the involvement of blood-CSF barrier dysfunction in disease development.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Yikai Gao, Hongyu Liu, Na Liu, Li Zhang
Summary: The heat transfer characteristics of the upper airway in patients with mandibular retrognathia were evaluated, and the influence of ambient temperature on the temperature field of the upper airway was quantitatively assessed. The results showed that the inspired air could not be sufficiently heated after flowing through the upper airway and main trachea in the two breathing states under low temperature conditions, and the inferior bronchus was more stimulated under the state of heavy breathing. The vortex flow structure in the upper airway can enhance the convective heat transfer effect in the corresponding area.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Mengnan Lin, Zhongwei Tian, Siyuan Chang, Kai Cui, Shulan Dai
Summary: This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional shock topology detection method based on the tomographic reconstruction strategy, which can identify the relationship between shock waves and generate shock surfaces without gaps and un-physical fragments.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Thomas J. Hudson, Rayane Ait Oubahou, Luc Mongeau, Karen Kost
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between clinical respiratory distress and objective measures of airway resistance in laryngeal cancer. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and morphometric analysis demonstrate significant correlations between airway resistance and acute obstruction. Morphometric analysis can predict CFD results and provide a radiologic airway assessment technique for future risk estimation.
Article
Sport Sciences
Brittany R. Counts, Jessica L. Halle, James A. Carson
Summary: This study found that cancer-induced skeletal muscle mass loss is a critical characteristic of cachexia. It also found that early-onset physical inactivity and altered systemic lipid oxidation in LLC tumor-bearing mice were associated with the eventual development of cachexia.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Geremy Clair, Lisa M. Bramer, Ravi Misra, Matthew D. McGraw, Soumyaroop Bhattacharya, Joseph A. Kitzmiller, Song Feng, Vincent G. Danna, Gautam Bandyopadhyay, Harsh Bhotika, Heidie L. Huyck, Gail H. Deutsch, Thomas J. Mariani, James P. Carson, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Gloria S. Pryhuber, Joshua N. Adkins, Charles Ansong
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the human lung proteome during development, revealing distinct molecular substages of alveolar development and evidence of post-transcriptional control in early postnatal development. The study also supports the extensive remodeling of the lung proteome during development and the concept of immune system maturation as an inherent part of normal lung development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Xin Sun, Anne-Karina Perl, Rongbo Li, Sheila M. Bell, Eniko Sajti, Vladimir V. Kalinichenko, Tanya Kalin, Ravi S. Misra, Hitesh Deshmukh, Geremy Clair, Jennifer Kyle, Laura E. Crotty Alexander, Jorge A. Masso-Silva, Joseph A. Kitzmiller, Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Gail Deutsch, Minzhe Guo, Yina Du, Michael P. Morley, Michael J. Valdez, Haoze Yu, Kang Jin, Eric E. Bardes, Jarod A. Zepp, Terren Neithamer, Maria C. Basil, William J. Zacharias, Jamie Verheyden, Randee Young, Gautam Bandyopadhyay, Sara Lin, Charles Ansong, Joshua Adkins, Nathan Salomonis, Bruce J. Aronow, Yan Xu, Gloria Pryhuber, Jeff Whitsett, Edward E. Morrisey
Summary: The human lung plays important roles in respiration, host defense, and basic physiology. Recent technological advancements have led to the discovery of new cell types and functional properties in the lung. A comprehensive cellular census of the lung has been synthesized, with detailed information on cell types, function, markers, developmental lineages, heterogeneity, regenerative potential, disease links, and key experimental tools. This publication aims to serve as a guide for lung research and promote efforts to establish, maintain, and restore respiratory health.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mehdi Chaib, Laura M. M. Sipe, Johnathan R. R. Yarbro, Margaret S. S. Bohm, Brittany R. R. Counts, Ubaid Tanveer, Ajeeth K. K. Pingili, Deidre Daria, Tony N. N. Marion, James A. A. Carson, Paul G. G. Thomas, Liza Makowski
Summary: This study investigates the effect of PKC agonists on MDSC expansion, differentiation, and recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. The results demonstrate that PKC agonists decrease MDSC expansion and induce their differentiation to an APC-like phenotype. Additionally, PKC agonists enhance MDSC cross-priming capacity and reduce their suppressive activity. Furthermore, the combination of PKC agonists with CD40 agonist leads to reduced tumor growth and increased activated CD8(+) T cells in a breast cancer mouse model.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paritosh Pande, Erin P. Madeen, David E. Williams, Susan R. Crowell, Ted J. Ognibene, Ken W. Turteltaub, Richard A. Corley, Jordan N. Smith
Summary: A PBPK model was developed to study the metabolism of DBC in mice and humans, and the model was validated with experimental data. The simulations showed that interspecies differences in metabolism and physiology have significant implications for internal dose assessment.
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giovanni Berardi, Laura Frey-Law, Kathleen A. Sluka, Emine O. Bayman, Christopher S. Coffey, Dixie Ecklund, Carol G. T. Vance, Dana L. Dailey, John Burns, Asokumar Buvanendran, Robert J. McCarthy, Joshua Jacobs, Xiaohong Joe Zhou, Richard Wixson, Tessa Balach, Chad M. Brummett, Daniel Clauw, Douglas Colquhoun, Steven E. Harte, Richard E. Harris, David A. Williams, Andrew C. Chang, Jennifer Waljee, Kathleen M. Fisch, Kristen Jepsen, Louise C. Laurent, Michael Olivier, Carl D. Langefeld, Timothy D. Howard, Oliver Fiehn, Jon M. Jacobs, Panshak Dakup, Wei-Jun Qian, Adam C. Swensen, Anna Lokshin, Martin Lindquist, Brian S. Caffo, Ciprian Crainiceanu, Scott Zeger, Ari Kahn, Tor Wager, Margaret Taub, James Ford, Stephani P. Sutherland, Laura D. Wandner
Summary: Chronic pain is a global health problem that reduces quality of life, but its clinical management has been hindered by incomplete understanding of risk factors and molecular mechanisms. The A2CPS Program aims to predict chronic pain development following surgery using biomarkers. This study collects standardized data from multiple clinical sites to advance understanding of the transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Tharacad Ramanarayanan, Arpad Szarka, Sheila Flack, Paul Hinderliter, Richard Corley, Alex Charlton, Sharlyne Pyles, Douglas Wolf
Summary: The USEPA and other regulatory authorities are using in vitro studies and in silico modeling to reduce the use of vertebrate animals in chemical risk assessment. A novel mathematical procedure was developed to estimate human equivalent concentration (HEC) for inhalation risk assessment based on aerosol characterization and respiratory dosimetry modeling using human respiratory epithelial tissue. The procedure incorporates external and internal exposure metrics along with toxicity pathways and can be applied to assess the risk for agricultural operators exposed to chlorothalonil.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Laura M. Sipe, Mehdi Chaib, Emily B. Korba, Heejoon Jo, Mary Camille Lovely, Brittany R. Counts, Ubaid Tanveer, Jeremiah R. Holt, Jared C. Clements, Neena A. John, Deidre Daria, Tony N. Marion, Margaret S. Bohm, Radhika Sekhri, Ajeeth K. Pingili, Bin Teng, James A. Carson, D. Neil Hayes, Matthew J. Davis, Katherine L. Cook, Joseph F. Pierre, Liza Makowski
Summary: Bariatric surgery can protect against obesity-exacerbated breast cancer progression, but it is less effective than dietary intervention in reducing tumor burden. After surgery, tumors display increased inflammation and expression of immune checkpoint ligands, while dietary intervention shows resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Additionally, there are conserved molecular changes between bariatric surgery and breast cancer progression.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bahman Asgharian, Owen Price, Amy Creel, Jennifer Chesnutt, Jeffry Schroeter, Jonathan Fallica, Gladys Erives, Nashaat Rasheed, Susan Chemerynski
Summary: Respiratory tract dosimetry predictions for inhalation of tobacco product smoke and aerosols are sensitive to the values of the physicochemical properties of constituents that make up the puff.
Model predictions showed that temperature effects were most significant during puff withdrawal.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Azadeh A. T. Borojeni, Wanjun Gu, Bahman Asgharian, Owen Price, Andrew P. Kuprat, Rajesh K. Singh, Sean Colby, Richard A. Corley, Chantal Darquenne
Summary: The extrathoracic oral airway acts as a barrier for pharmaceutical aerosols and introduces variability in lung deposition. Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict deposition of 1-30 μm particles in CT-based models of adult oral airways. Results showed large intersubject variability in oral deposition, with nebulizers delivering >75% of inhaled aerosol to intrathoracic lungs in most subjects compared to only about half with DPI use. Oral deposition efficiency did not differ significantly between inspiration and expiration, but subregional deposition showed different patterns between the two breathing phases. Incorporating upper airway morphological variation is crucial for accurate predictions of aerosol deposition in the lung.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica K. K. Lukowski, Heather Olson, Marija Velickovic, Juan Wang, Jennifer E. E. Kyle, Young-Mo Kim, Sarah M. M. Williams, Ying Zhu, Heidi L. L. Huyck, Matthew D. D. McGraw, Cory Poole, Lisa Rogers, Ravi Misra, Theodore Alexandrov, Charles Ansong, Gloria S. S. Pryhuber, Geremy Clair, Joshua N. N. Adkins, James P. P. Carson, Christopher R. R. Anderton
Summary: Human disease states are complex and understanding the characteristics of diseases at different levels, cell types, and microanatomical tissue compartments is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of diseases. To accurately observe the molecular landscape in human lungs, it is necessary to use special methods to maintain tissue integrity and molecular stability. By optimizing mass spectrometry imaging methods, unique lipid distributions in different airway regions of the lungs can be observed, and high-resolution proteomic analysis reveals the specific localization of certain proteins in these airway regions. The inflation method shows better results compared to other preservation methods. Through various experiments, we can begin to uncover the spatial connections between the metabolome, lipidome, and proteome in human lungs and across different disease states.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kyeonghee Monica Lee, Richard Corley, Annie M. Jarabek, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Alicia Paini, Andreas O. Stucki, Shannon Bell
Summary: New approach methodologies (NAMs) are emerging chemical safety assessment tools aimed at reducing, refining, or replacing traditional animal testing methods. This paper summarizes the highlights of a symposium that discussed the application of NAMs in evaluating potentially reduced-risk tobacco products.
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Giovanni Berardi, Laura Frey-Law, Carol G. T. Vance, Emine O. Bayman, Christopher S. Coffey, Dana L. Dailey, Dixie Ecklund, Kathleen A. Sluka, Tessa Balach, John Burns, Asokumar Buvanendran, Joshua Jacobs, Robert J. McCarthy, Richard Wixson, Xiaohong Joe Zhou, Chad M. Brummett, Andrew Chang, Daniel Clauw, Douglas Colquhoun, Richard E. Harris, Steven Harte, Jennifer Waljee, David A. Williams, Panshak Dakup, Oliver Fiehn, Kathleen M. Fisch, Timothy D. Howard, Jon M. Jacobs, Kristen Jepsen, Carl D. Langefeld, Louise C. Laurent, Anna Lokshin, Michael Olivier, Wei-Jun Qian, Adam C. Swensen, Brian Caffo, Ciprian Crainiceanu, James Ford, Ari Kahn, Martin Lindquist, Stephani P. Sutherland, Margaret Taub, Tor Wager, Nicolas Johnston, Laura D. Wandner
