Article
Engineering, Civil
Cheikh Makhfouss Fame, Li He, Lik-ho Tam, Chao Wu
Summary: This paper investigates the damage tolerance of adhesively bonded pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) joints under fatigue loading. The study explores the effects of defect location, size, and number on the fatigue performance of the joints. Results show that defects at the overlap end significantly reduce the fatigue life of the joints, and defects larger than 10% of the total bonded area also lead to a substantial reduction in fatigue life. Small defects, when exceeding four in number, can reduce the fatigue life by up to 73%. The joints exhibit better damage tolerance under static loading conditions compared to fatigue loading conditions.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
M. Garrido, J. M. Sousa, J. R. Correia, S. Cabral-Fonseca
Summary: This paper presents long-term prediction models for the mechanical property retention of pultruded GFRP materials, and proposes a 50-year moisture conversion factor for durability design.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
J. M. Sousa, M. Garrido, J. R. Correia, S. Cabral-Fonseca
Summary: This study investigated the effects of hygrothermal ageing on pultruded GFRP profiles with two different resin systems, showing that the vinyl ester profile outperformed the unsaturated polyester profile. The most significant reduction in tensile strength occurred after immersion in water at 60 degrees C.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Ferhat KADIOGLU
Summary: Adhesive Single Lap Joints were studied under quasi-static buckling conditions, revealing different failure mechanisms and influencing factors through experimental and modeling analyses.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Francesco Marchione, Gianluca Chiappini, Placido Munafo
Summary: The study reports the experimental results of double-lap adhesive joints between timber and GFRP adherends, indicating that artificial aging affects the mechanical performance of the adhesives under high temperatures and humidity. Epoxy adhesive EPX1 demonstrates the best mechanical performance in various configurations, while EPX2 shows a decrease in performance after artificial aging.
JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kakeru Obayashi, Kazutaka Kamitani, Chien-Wei Chu, Ryosuke Kawatoko, Chao-Hung Cheng, Atsushi Takahara, Ken Kojio
Summary: The internal structure of polyurethane adhesive undergoes changes during lap shear deformation, with an increase in the spacing of hard segment domains and the merging of tilt angle with the stretching direction. These findings are of great significance for the practical design of adhesives.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Marleine Morcos, Georges Challita, Vincent Legrand, Khaled Khalil, Pascal Casari
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive study on the properties of SA 70 epoxy as a bulk material and adhesive in bonded assemblies. The study includes thermal aging experiments up to 370 degrees Celsius, showing the onset temperature for adhesive degradation and its shear strength evolution with temperature. It was found that sand blasting improves the shear strength of the bonded assemblies, while the effect of substrate thickness on joint shear strength is not significant.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Zhengwen Jiang, Zhi Fang, Libo Yan, Shui Wan, Yawei Fang
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the fracture behavior of adhesively-bonded pultruded GFRP/steel joint in pure mode-I, pure mode-II, and mixed-mode I/II, developing power law criteria for initiation and propagation processes. The developed fracture criteria were validated and compared with that of adhesively-bonded GFRP/GFRP joint for quantifying differences.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhengwen Jiang, Shui Wan, Zhi Fang, Aiming Song
Summary: The static and fatigue behaviors of a bolted GFRP/steel double-lap joint with a clamping force of 10 Nm were investigated experimentally. The fatigue damage evolution and stiffness degradation law were obtained, along with the F-N curve and a non-linear stiffness degradation model. Comparative analysis between GFRP/steel DLJ and GFRP/GFRP DLJ indicated differences, such as longer fatigue life and smaller compressive stresses in the bolt-hole of the outer GFRP laminates in the former.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mario Santos, Jaime Santos
Summary: This study evaluates adhesive single-lap joints using ultrasound guided waves by simulation and experimental approaches. The signal propagation characteristics in the presence of defects in the adhesive joint are investigated. It is found that the amplitude of guided wave modes can be estimated from the properties of the incoming wave in the non-bonded region, with the excitation of these modes linked to the similarity of their shapes.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
S. Kurennov, K. Barakhov, O. Vambol
Summary: The aim of this article is to solve the problem of topological optimization of a symmetric doubleshear and bi-adhesive joint. A one-dimensional mathematical model is proposed to represent the stress state of the joint. The model is used to optimize the shape of the outer substrate and obtain the optimal lengths of the adhesive joint sections with rigid and compliant adhesives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ranjan K. Behera, S. K. Parida, R. R. Das
Summary: The static strength and elongation of adhesively bonded Single Lap Joints (SLJs) are improved by using glass fibres reinforced with epoxy adhesive. The experimental results show that the arrangement, size, and weight ratio of glass fibres have a significant effect on the strength and elongation of the joints.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Elias A. Toubia, Abdalla Alomari, Alexander B. Morgan, Donald Klosterman
Summary: This experimental study evaluates the residual strengths and failure mechanisms of bolted double lap pultruded joints in regions of low-to-moderate heat induced exposure, finding that plate thickness and load direction are key parameters influencing the residual strength and failure modes of thermally degraded pultruded joints.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
A. W. Momber, L. Froeck, T. Marquardt
Summary: The study revealed that using a flexible adhesive can enhance the reliability of connections in marine applications, while using a stiff adhesive can increase load-carrying capacity. After accelerated aging, the joints can still maintain high strength and exhibit significant ductility in shear forces.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
M. Sofer, P. Sofer, P. Ferfecki, M. Molcan, J. Stryja
Summary: This paper investigates the scattering phenomena of the antisymmetric fundamental Lamb wave mode in an adhesively bonded lap joint with a disbond in the adhesive layer. Two methods, including a hybrid approach and a semi-analytical approach, are used to identify energy scattering coefficients. The study clarifies the relationship between geometric parameters and the role of non-propagating modes in the computation of energy scattering coefficients.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. Garrido, R. Teixeira, J. R. Correia, L. S. Sutherland
Summary: Sandwich structures with glass-fibre reinforced polymer faces and low-density core are commonly used in civil and ocean engineering, but are prone to damage under concentrated loads due to their multilayer composition. This study experimentally investigated the quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact behaviour of thicker civil and ocean engineering sandwich laminates, considering different types of core materials and indenters. Results showed that polyethylene terephthalate panels exhibited higher damage resistance and peak resistance values compared to polyurethane panels, while polyurethane panels showed the highest energy absorption capacity. Predictions from analytical models were reasonably accurate, but further calibration is needed, particularly regarding the effects of core material.
JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
J. M. Sousa, M. Garrido, J. R. Correia, S. Cabral-Fonseca
Summary: This study investigated the effects of hygrothermal ageing on pultruded GFRP profiles with two different resin systems, showing that the vinyl ester profile outperformed the unsaturated polyester profile. The most significant reduction in tensile strength occurred after immersion in water at 60 degrees C.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ricardo Cruz, Luis Correia, Aloys Dushimimana, Susana Cabral-Fonseca, Jose Sena-Cruz
Summary: The study investigated the durability and performance changes of structural epoxy adhesives and CFRP laminates under natural ageing conditions. Results showed that the glass transition temperature of epoxy adhesives increased over time while tensile properties decreased, and CFRP laminates were minimally affected by natural ageing environments. Accelerated ageing tests produced higher mechanical degradation compared to natural ageing.
Article
Engineering, Civil
David Martins, Jose Gonilha, Joao R. Correia, Nuno Silvestre
Summary: The study investigates the mechanical behavior of exterior beam-to-column connections using stainless steel cleats to develop a connection system with non-corrodible auxiliary parts and improved ductility. Through full-scale tests, it was found that reinforced connections with 6mm thick flange cleats and two bolt rows showed the best overall mechanical behavior, balancing stiffness and deformation capacity to delay GFRP local failure and mobilize stainless steel ductility. The experimental study was complemented by predictions of stiffness and strength using analytical and numerical methods.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
David Martins, Jose Gonilha, Joao R. Correia, Nuno Silvestre
Summary: This study focuses on predicting the initial stiffness and strength of bolted beam-to-column connections using GFRP profiles with stainless steel cleats. Both analytical and numerical models were used to predict initial stiffness, with good agreement between predictions and experimental results. The study identified key components influencing connections' stiffness and successfully predicted the strength of the connections through a mixed analytical-numerical approach.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Vitor Dacol, Elsa Caetano, Joao Ramoa Correia
Summary: The use of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites in civil engineering structures has grown significantly due to their high strength, low self-weight, and corrosion resistance. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of GFRP free-supported beams and compares them with steel beams to evaluate the benefits of using pultruded GFRP structures. Results show that GFRP has significantly higher damping capacity compared to steel, with similar frequencies, highlighting the damping qualities of the polymer-based composite material.
Article
Engineering, Civil
David Martins, Jose Gonilha, Joao R. Correia, Nuno Silvestre
Summary: This study proposes and evaluates a connection system using stainless steel cuffs to improve ductility and maintain corrosion resistance compared to GFRP cuffs. Experimental results show that the mechanical performance of stainless steel cuff connections is superior to previously developed stainless steel sleeve connections.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
David Martins, Jose Gonilha, Joao R. Correia, Nuno Silvestre
Summary: This experimental study investigates the monotonic and cyclic behavior of beam-to-column connections between pultruded GFRP profiles with I-sections using stainless steel cuff connection parts. Results show that thicker and longer cuffs provide higher initial stiffness and strength, with thickness being the most influential parameter. However, higher cuff thickness leads to decreased ductility in the connections. The efficiency of the cuff connection system is found to be better for tubular sections than open sections like I-sections.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jose A. Gonilha, Joao R. Correia, Miguel S. Santos, Joao G. Ferreira, Fernando A. Branco, Rui C. Gomes
Summary: This study investigates the performance of a commercially available GFRP culvert system. The results of the experimental and numerical analysis demonstrate that this structural solution meets the requirements of both serviceability and ultimate-limit states. A case study of rehabilitating an underpass using GFRP culverts is also presented.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Mateus Hofmann, Mario Garrido, Marina Machado, Joao R. Correia, Joao C. Bordado
Summary: Research on biobased thermoset resins has been overlooked compared to biobased thermoplastics. This study developed low-molecular weight macromolecules with a high bio-content, suitable for various fiber-reinforced polymer production techniques. The resulting resins exhibited comparable mechanical and thermomechanical behavior to petrochemical-based counterparts, making them greener alternatives for high-performance structural applications.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ricardo Cruz, Luis Correia, Susana Cabral-Fonseca, Jose Sena-Cruz
Summary: This investigation examines the durability of the adhesive bond between near-surface-mounted carbon fiber-reinforced polymer strips and concrete. Different natural environments were considered, and the results indicate that water immersion and freeze-thaw cycles have the greatest impact on the bond performance of NSM-CFRP strips to concrete.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abu T. Shahid, Mateus Hofmann, Mario Garrido, Joao R. Correia, Ines C. Rosa
Summary: This paper presents an experimental study on the wet freeze-thaw durability of a fibre-polymer composite. The results show that water immersion caused more damage to the composite than freeze-thaw cycles. The overall performance of the bio-based composite was inferior to the conventional one, mainly due to the hydrophilicity of its bio-based resin.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marina Machado, Mario Garrido, Joao P. Firmo, Adriana Azevedo, Joao R. Correia, Joao C. Bordado, Filipe Dourado
Summary: This paper presents an experimental study on the use of innovative bio-based CFRP laminates for structural strengthening. The study compares the properties of bio-based laminates with conventional oil-based laminates and assesses the bond behavior and structural efficacy of the bio-based laminates. The results show that the bio-based CFRP laminates have comparable properties and can be used effectively in the strengthening of RC structures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marina Machado, Mateus Hofmann, Mario Garrido, Joao R. Correia, Joao C. Bordado, Ines C. Rosa
Summary: This study investigates the effects of incorporating Lignoboost lignin into a partially bio-based vinyl ester resin. The results show that the addition of lignin enhances the resin's performance, including increased strength and glass transition temperature. This suggests the potential of lignin as a sustainable alternative to oil-based resins in fiber-reinforced polymer composites.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Civil
Joao Sousa, Mario Garrido, Joao Ramoa Correia, Susana Cabral-Fonseca, Md Toyob Shahid
Summary: This study investigates the effects of hygrothermal ageing on the durability and long-term performance of two commercial GFRP profiles made of different resin systems. Experimental data is used to derive analytical models for predicting the long-term effects and service life of these profiles based on the Arrhenius law.
10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRP COMPOSITES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (CICE 2020/2021)
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)