Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yafeng Li, Jinru Sun, Shu Li, Xiangyu Tian, Xueling Yao, Ben Wang, Yansong Zhu, Jingliang Chen
Summary: Compared with traditional metal alloy materials, carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have many advantages. This study investigates the damage behavior of CFRP laminates exposed to impulse lightning current. Non-destructive techniques show that increasing current amplitude intensifies damage to CFRP samples, while the presence of an insulating epoxy resin layer exacerbates lightning strike damage. The use of expanded copper foil protection mitigated the damage.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Lin Tang, Zhiyong Yang, Yusheng Tang, Junliang Zhang, Jie Kong, Junwei Gu
Summary: The copolymer membrane and AHHFP grafted onto the surface of PBO fibres enhances the interfacial strength and reduces interfacial polarization of the wave-transparent laminated composites. The resulting 6F-PBO@P-GMA fibres/modified cyanate ester composites exhibit higher flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength compared to composites with pristine PBO fibres, with excellent wave-transparency properties at X-band.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Zheng Liu, Xiaoli Fan, Junliang Zhang, Zhiyong Yang, Yusheng Tang, Jianwei Li, Jie Kong, Junwei Gu
Summary: The introduction of hyperbranched structure and fluorine groups in epoxy-preFHBPBO significantly improved the mechanical properties and wave-transparent performance of PBO fibers reinforced BADCy resins composites. The addition of 7 wt% epoxy-preFHBPBO increased the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength, while reducing dielectric constant and dielectric loss compared to PBO fibers/BADCy composites. Moreover, the volume resistivity and breakdown strength were also enhanced in PBO fibers/FHBPBO-co-BADCy composites.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
In Yong Lee, Chanwoo Joung, So Young Oh, Young -Bin Park
Summary: This paper proposes an electromechanical data analysis and processing methodology using principal component analysis and k-means clustering for a thorough identification of damage in composites. Various types of damage and failure modes in carbon fibers with different directionality were investigated using a machine-learning-based data processing technique. A novel health index system for damage propagation investigation was proposed based on an electromechanical behavior analysis. The proposed system has potential applications and provides guidelines for self-sensing research.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Lei Zhang, Fangsen Cui, Bisma Mutiargo, Lin Ke, Zi Wen Tham, Yi Fan Chen, Chin Yaw Tan
Summary: This paper reports the use of acoustic shearography imaging for defect detection in carbon fiber composite materials. The experiment shows that acoustic shearography can efficiently image various defects and synchronize with the ultrasonic wave frequency to significantly improve the imaging quality. Comparison with X-ray computed tomography results indicates that acoustic shearography can provide sufficiently good defect imaging results with reduced imaging time.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Francisco Mesquita, Yentl Swolfs, Stepan V. Lomov, Larissa Gorbatikh
Summary: This study conducted in-situ synchrotron computed tomography (CT) tensile tests and modeling to investigate the hybrid effect in carbon-glass hybrid composites. The results showed that hybrid composites have a higher fiber break density in their carbon plies compared to non-hybrid carbon fiber composites. Fibers near a ply interface were more likely to fail, augmenting the hybrid effect.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ogheneovo Idolor, Rishabh Debraj Guha, Katherine Berkowitz, Carl Geiger, Matthew Davenport, Landon Grace
Summary: Polymer matrix composites have a tendency to absorb moisture, which either becomes bound to the polymer network or exists as free water. This study introduces a new non-destructive examination method that leverages locally-higher concentration of free water in damaged areas. Experiments demonstrate a direct correlation between the extent of local damage and higher relative levels of free water at damage sites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Andrzej Katunin, Ivanna Pivdiablyk, Laurent Gornet, Patrick Rozycki
Summary: This paper presents a hybrid method that combines fatigue limit evaluation with non-destructive evaluation to predict the behavior of composite structures with low-velocity impact damage. The results demonstrate the high sensitivity of the proposed method to impact damage and its ability to evaluate the fatigue life of tested structures. Recommendations for measurement setup and testing parameters are also provided.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jeffrey J. Kim, Avery D. Brown, Charles E. Bakis, Edward C. Smith
Summary: The study aims to explore hybrid CNT - carbon/epoxy composites for high damping and stiffness, and the system with highly aligned CNT yarns treated with a non-ionic surfactant, located at the interlayers and oriented along the loading direction, shows superior damping and stiffness characteristics.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Simon W. P. Veenstra, Sebastiaan Wijskamp, Bojana Rosic, Remko Akkerman
Summary: This study proposes a bending model based on experimental data, which can be applied to different types of thermoplastic composites and accurately describe the measured bending behavior under different rates and temperatures.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jisoo Kim, Azat Slyamov, Erik Lauridsen, Mie Birkbak, Tiago Ramos, Federica Marone, Jens W. Andreasen, Marco Stampanoni, Matias Kagias
Summary: Prediction of mechanical properties in fiber-reinforced composites is essential for performance characterization. Conventional microtomography cannot effectively map microfiber orientation. X-ray scattering tensor tomography enables non-destructive mapping of fiber orientation and is compatible with industrial robotic arms.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Masao Kimura, Toshiki Watanabe, Sota Oshima, Yasuo Takeichi, Yasuhiro Niwa, Yuji Seryo, Masaki Hojo
Summary: This study investigates the nanoscale fracture mechanism in CFRPs using nanoscopic synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography. The results reveal the three steps involved in crack formation and the influence of fiber geometrical distributions on the resulting microstructures of cracks at the nanoscale.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yafeng Li, Jinru Sun, Shu Li, Xiangyu Tian, Xueling Yao, Ben Wang, Jingliang Chen
Summary: This study investigates the impact of shock wave pressure induced by impulse currents on CFRP laminates, using a PVDF piezoelectric sensor to directly measure the pressure caused by arc channel expansion. The research showed that shock wave pressure from negative discharge exceeds that from positive discharge, with increases in current amplitude and strike distance resulting in larger pressures. A woven copper mesh protection decreases shock wave pressure, while an additional insulating epoxy resin layer enhances it.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Boyao Wang, Bin He, Zhanwen Wang, Shengli Qi, Daijun Zhang, Guofeng Tian, Dezhen Wu
Summary: The hybrid fiber-reinforced composites showed nearly 50% increment in Charpy impact strength and significantly improved flexural performance compared with carbon fiber reinforcement alone. The flexural properties were greatly affected by the stacking sequence, with specimens containing carbon fiber in the compressive sides having higher flexural strength and those with a sandwich-like structure displaying a higher flexural modulus.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Qing Wu, Qinqin Wan, Xin Yang, Fen Wang, Huanhuan Bai, Jianfeng Zhu
Summary: The study introduces a novel strategy of incorporating a ternary organic material on fiber surface to increase the interfacial shear strength of pitch-based carbon fiber composites. By forming a solid connection and enhancing surface energy, a synergistic hybrid network is created, leading to a significant increase in interfacial shear strength. The findings provide unique insights for addressing the weak interface in pitch-based carbon fiber composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Marco Valente, Matteo Sambucci, Mehdi Chougan, Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar
Summary: Low carbon or near-zero carbon concrete technology can reduce environmental pollution by using industrial waste or low-carbon binders to reduce the consumption of Portland cement and natural resources. This study compares alkali-activated materials with rubber particles as replacement for raw mineral aggregates in concrete. The results show that the alkali-activated matrix has better compatibility and mechanical performance with rubber aggregates, but weaker compressive strength. Sustainability analysis reveals that the geopolymer formulations are more environmentally friendly but have higher production costs.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Claudia Sergi, Fabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillo
Summary: Cork, a natural material with a cellular structure and flexible suberin as its main chemical component, is gaining increasing interest in various industries. It is used as an agglomerated product for thermal and acoustic insulation, as a core material in sandwich structures, and as a liner or padding in energy absorbing equipment. This review provides an overview of the compressive response of cork, including its anisotropy, temperature sensitivity, strain rate dependence, near-zero Poisson's ratio, and unique dimensional recovery. The design parameters that can modify its compressive behavior and the operating parameters that affect its crashworthiness are also discussed, along with potential industrial applications.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Di Muzio, Prisca Simonetti, Vito Cosimo Carriero, Chiara Brandelli, Jordan Trilli, Claudia Sergi, Jacopo Tirillo, Francesco Cairone, Stefania Cesa, Giulia Radocchia, Serena Schippa, Stefania Petralito, Patrizia Paolicelli, Maria Antonietta Casadei
Summary: The aim of this work was to optimize and characterize nanocomposite films based on GG-MA and AgNPs for wound dressing applications. The films were produced using solvent casting and photocuring processes. Rheological analyses, mechanical property testing, colorimetric analyses, swelling studies, and microbiological tests were conducted to evaluate the films.
Article
Engineering, Civil
C. Sergi, N. Ierardo, L. Lampani, A. Calzolari, T. Valente, F. Sarasini, J. Tirillo
Summary: This study assessed the toughening effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the impact and post-impact response of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The results showed that the stacking sequence and operating temperature significantly affected the material's performance, with the quasi-isotropic (QI) configuration demonstrating higher damage tolerance. Additionally, the inclusion of MWCNTs improved the residual flexural strength of the composites.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Maria Paola Bracciale, Lorena Capasso, Fabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillo, Maria Laura Santarelli
Summary: The study compared the mechanical and chemical properties of PFA and ETFE fluorinated polymers after accelerated UV aging. The results showed that ETFE exhibited higher resistance to aging, making it the more suitable choice for the application.
Review
Materials Science, Composites
Marco Valente, Ilaria Rossitti, Ilario Biblioteca, Matteo Sambucci
Summary: The research focuses on utilizing thermoplastic materials in production processes to achieve comparable performance with current materials, with a particular emphasis on the in situ anionic polymerization of Nylon 6. By comparing different production processes, the carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand of polymeric matrix and glass fiber composites were analyzed.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Claudia Sergi, Jacopo Tirillo, Teodoro Valente, Fabrizio Sarasini
Summary: This study proposes using a material obtained from the recycling of multilayer packaging as a matrix, and reinforcing it with short natural basalt fibres. Thermal and mechanical tests demonstrate that the basalt fibres have a beneficial effect on the stiffness and strength of the material, making it suitable for applications in automotive interiors and outdoor decking.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Claudio Tosto, Jacopo Tirillo, Fabrizio Sarasini, Claudia Sergi, Gianluca Cicala
Summary: Metal 3D-printed parts have important applications in various industries, but traditional manufacturing techniques are expensive. This study combines fused deposition modeling (FDM) with debinding-sintering processes to reduce costs. By optimizing printing parameters, the material density and mechanical performance of sintered stainless steel parts were improved.
Review
Polymer Science
Marco Valente, Ilaria Rossitti, Matteo Sambucci
Summary: So far, the use of fiber-reinforced composites with thermoplastic matrix has been limited due to their high viscosity and poor impregnability compared to thermosets. However, new applications for thermoplastic composites are rapidly developing, offering new solutions to this problem. This study aims to evaluate the manufacturing processes of thermoplastic matrix composites and identify the parameters that most influence the process and material performance. Different processes such as powder impregnation, film stacking molding, and hybrid woven fabric are discussed, providing possibilities for transitioning from thermosetting to thermoplastic composites.
Article
Polymer Science
Claudia Sergi, Libera Vitiello, Patrick Dang, Pietro Russo, Jacopo Tirillo, Fabrizio Sarasini
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of a bio-based material with flax and basalt reinforcement, showing good static and impact performance. The results demonstrated that the [0/90] configuration had the best mechanical properties.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Matteo Sambucci, Ilario Biblioteca, Marco Valente
Summary: A 3D printable cement mix using ground waste tire rubber aggregates is analyzed in comparison to traditional mold-casting methods. The environmental performance of the mix is evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment models. The study also introduces an Empathetic Added Sustainability Index to quantify the overall performance of the samples in terms of engineering properties and eco-footprint.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Marco Valente, Matteo Sambucci, Mehdi Chougan, Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar
Summary: There is an increasing trend in research projects and case studies to demonstrate the potential of 3D concrete printing with low-carbon materials. An experimental study was conducted to incorporate waste tire rubber aggregates into alkali-activated mixtures for 3D printing applications. The rubberized composites showed better mechanical, thermal, and acoustic insulation properties compared to Portland-based rubberized formulations.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Matteo Sambucci, Federico Savoni, Marco Valente
Summary: The traditional choice of insulation material for LNG transportation is perlite-based systems, but there is a need for alternative materials that can reduce cost and provide more safety and space. Fiber-reinforced aerogel blankets (FRABs) could be good candidates because they ensure thermal performance without deep vacuum conditions. A computational model was used to study the thermal insulation performance of FRABs and compared it with traditional perlite-based systems, showing that FRAB technology had promising results and could be scalable for transporting cryogenic liquid.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marco Valente, Matteo Sambucci, Ilaria Rossitti, Silvia Abruzzese, Claudia Sergi, Fabrizio Sarasini, Jacopo Tirillo
Summary: In order to achieve sustainable development and a circular economy, this study aimed to use recycled carbon fiber (rCF) waste to produce a 3D printing usable material with a PA6,6 polymer matrix. The research involved a double-recovery process to obtain reinforcing fibers, which were then used to produce non-woven fabrics. The effect of different reinforcement amounts on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed thermoplastic composites was investigated, showing that the fibers did not improve the mechanical properties as expected due to an unsuitable size distribution and non-optimized ball milling process. However, composites with 10 wt.% rCF exhibited an improvement in tensile strength and modulus compared to neat specimens.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matteo Sambucci, Marco Valente, Seyed Mostafa Nouri, Mehdi Chougan, Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar
Summary: This study focuses on the development of cementitious mortars using secondary waste carbon fibers and addresses the challenge of achieving adequate dispersion of these recycled fibers within the matrix by employing nanoclay conditioning. The results show that nanoclay-conditioned waste carbon fibers significantly increase the flexural and compression strength performance of the mortar, as well as improve its microstructural characteristics. However, further investigation is needed to address challenges related to impact resistance and durability properties of these cementitious composites.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
