Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Oscar D. Pedrayes, Dario G. Lema, Ruben Usamentiaga, Pablo Venegas, Daniel F. Garcia
Summary: This paper evaluates and compares semantic segmentation networks in the field of subsurface defect detection using infrared thermography. The study demonstrates that DeepLabV3+ outperforms Random Forest and Support Vector Machines in defect detection.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seyed Saman Khedmatgozar Dolati, Nerma Caluk, Armin Mehrabi, Seyed Sasan Khedmatgozar Dolati
Summary: With the increasing population and demand for surface transportation, the importance of maintaining safe and reliable civil infrastructures, especially bridges, has become more critical. Periodic inspections are necessary to prevent failures caused by aging and environmental impacts, with a need for more advanced structural health monitoring methods. This review focuses on non-destructive testing methods applicable to steel bridges, with an emphasis on local damage detection and the application of innovative sensors, drones, and robots for efficient assessments.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Przemyslaw Sobkiewicz, Pawel Bienkowski, Wojciech Blazejewski
Summary: Microwave imaging and defectoscopy are promising techniques for dielectric composite evaluation, with relatively high penetration depth and low impact on samples and surrounding environment. The research focuses on non-destructive and noninvasive methods for quality evaluation of layered composite materials using an open-ended waveguide probe.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liangxu Lin, Na Xu, Chang Wu, Juntong Huang, Andrew Nattestad, Xueling Zheng, Gordon G. Wallace, Shaowei Zhang, Jun Chen
Summary: This study reports a technique for preparing ultrathin crystals from bulk non-layered structures and characterizes their physical and optical properties. The novel 2D non-layered nanomaterials presented in this work provide significant contributions to the field and lay the foundation for more applications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Majed Almalki
Summary: Non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures is crucial in construction and civil engineering. Geophysical methods, such as ultrasonic and radar, have been increasingly used to provide quantitative data for detecting deterioration and guiding quality assurance and remediation.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Industrial
Isaac Segovia Ramirez, Fausto Pedro Garcia Marquez, Mayorkinos Papaelias
Summary: Additive manufacturing, a major advancement in the fourth industrial revolution, involves high-precision material deposition using various techniques to build final parts. Efficient inspection methods, such as Nondestructive Testing, are crucial for ensuring quality control and detecting faults in additive manufacturing. The selection and correct use of Nondestructive Testing techniques depend on factors such as application, manufacturing process, material type, and discontinuities. This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the state of the art of Nondestructive Testing in additive manufacturing, highlighting relevant works and challenges faced by each technique. It also explores the use of Machine Learning techniques for defect quantification and analysis in Nondestructive Testing.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Khoudja Ali-Benyahia, Said Kenai, Mohamed Ghrici, Zoubir-Mehdi Sbartai, Sidi -Mohammed Elachachi
Summary: The estimation of in-situ concrete compressive strength in existing structures is vital for assessing structural capacity. Destructive testing combined with non-destructive testing offers an interesting method for concrete strength assessment. Non-destructive techniques like Rebound Hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity are widely used to estimate in-situ strength. The new standard version (EN 13791-2019) of assessing in-situ concrete strength shows positive effects on strength assessment, but the statistical procedures for calculating the characteristic strength seem to underestimate the results and be excessively conservative compared to the 2007 version.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jyant Kumar, Ramdev R. Gohil
Summary: Lamb and Rayleigh waves-based dispersion analysis was performed for non-destructive surface wave testing of various slab-like structures including concrete roof slabs, concrete floors, concrete pavements, and asphalt pavements. An impact was created by gently striking the free surface of the slabs. The study presented a method to generate the predominant dispersion mode considering the complex nature of the dispersion function, and compared theoretical dispersion plots with field dispersion images to calculate the elastic profile of the slabs/pavements.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Jiyang Zhang, Jiaoyiao Ren, Lijuan Li, Jian Gu, Dandan Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a method for identifying bonding defects in layered adhesive structures using dynamic time warping (DTW) and simulation analysis. A propagation simulation model of the layered structure is established based on the transfer matrix method, and the simulation signal of the normal area and the characteristic interval of the defects are obtained. DTW is used to regularize the simulated and real signals, and the Pearson correlation coefficient is employed to calculate the similarity of the regularized signals. The proposed scheme achieves an appealing identification error for various defect thicknesses and glue layers in three- and five-layered adhesive structure cases, demonstrating a better and more effective imaging effect for bonding defect detection compared to current methods.
INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maria Ines Silva, Evgenii Malitckii, Telmo G. Santos, Pedro Vilaca
Summary: The reliability of inspecting small-scale defects, with dimensions below 100 μm, is crucial for ensuring the structural safety of critical components in high-value applications. Early detection and repair of these defects contribute to the circular economy and sustainability by extending the life and reusability of components. Various non-destructive testing techniques, such as computed tomography, scanning thermal microscopy, and machine learning, paired with advanced signal processing algorithms, provide high accuracy and resolution for detecting and characterizing small-scale defects.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Qing-Qing Ni, Jun Hong, Ping Xu, Zhenzhen Xu, Kirill Khvostunkov, Hong Xia
Summary: This study proposed a new nondestructive testing method EMW-NDT using electromagnetic wave technique, showing good detection sensitivity to damages such as delamination size and thickness in CFRP composites. With huge potential, this contactless method could be widely used in the field of damage detection for CFRP composites.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Horticulture
Peng Ni, Hao Niu, Yurong Tang, Yabo Zhang, Wenyang Zhang, Yang Liu, Haipeng Lan
Summary: This study examined the development and trends in non-destructive testing technology for fruit quality. The findings revealed active research and publications on this technology, with China and the USA being the major contributors. The research mainly focuses on agriculture, food, and gardening, and the detection technologies mainly include electronic nose technology, machine vision technology, and spectral detection technology. Technological developments in artificial intelligence and deep learning will further promote the application of non-destructive testing technologies for fruit quality.
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Hongbing Chen, Meng Zhou, Shiyu Gan, Xin Nie, Bin Xu, Y. L. Mo
Summary: This review comprehensively covers the research on wave method-based non-destructive testing techniques for steel-concrete composite structures, including experimentation, multiscale simulation, and multi-physics coupling analysis. The study reveals the advantages of wave-based NDT in detecting imperfections in SCCS and offers insights into enhancing future techniques in this field.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Santiago Bertero, Pablo A. Tarazaga, Rodrigo Sarlo
Summary: This paper presents a new excitation method for in situ experimental modal analysis and compares its performance to ambient vibration analysis. The results show that the proposed method overcomes some limitations of the ambient vibration analysis and enables modal identification in a higher frequency range.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Pawel Hlosta, Marcin Nita, Dorota Powala, Waldemar Swiderski
Summary: Terahertz (THz) technology has attracted more interest in recent years due to its unique properties for non-destructive evaluation (NDE). Materials like dielectrics are transparent to THz waves, while conducting materials like metals are opaque. The potential application of THz radiation in detecting defects in composite pyrotechnic materials is being explored.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yu-Zhou Wang, Li Ma
Summary: A new structure combining pyramidal truss core sandwich structure with frame is proposed in this paper, showing good mechanical properties and excellent acoustic performance at low frequency. An analytical model and finite element method are used to investigate the sound transmission loss (STL) performance, and the effects of incident wave angle and geometrical parameters on STL are discussed.
JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES & MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yu-Zhou Wang, Li Ma
Summary: This study investigates the acoustic performance and sound insulation applications of cylindrical sandwich structures. The theoretical model is established using the space-harmonic expansion method and the principle of virtual work, taking into account the vibro-acoustic coupling. The influence of various parameters on sound transmission loss is analyzed using both theoretical and finite element models.
ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Shaowei Zhu, Bing Wang, Liming Chen, Xiaojun Tan, Li Ma
Summary: This study introduces a new design strategy to improve the energy dissipation ability of parallel structures by combining multiple ST-NSS cells in parallel with a phase-differences mechanism. Experimental results verify that this strategy significantly enhances the energy dissipation ability of parallel structures and limiting the displacement range further improves this ability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Ge Qi, Li Ma, Mayara Bortolotti Rossini, Kai-Uwe Schroeder
Summary: A novel satellite structure concept with composite lattice truss core sandwich panels is proposed in this investigation. Vibration tests and finite element analysis are conducted to determine the dynamic responses of the satellite structure, showing significant mass reduction and rapid assembly potential.
Article
Mechanics
Meng-Fu Guo, Hang Yang, Li Ma
Summary: This study proposes three novel 3D double arrowhead plate-lattice (DAPL) auxetic structures, and validates their enhanced stiffness and energy absorption capacity compared to truss-lattices through experiments and numerical analysis. The study also reveals that geometrical parameters have minimal influence on the elastic constants of these structures.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei-Ming Zhang, Zhen-Yu Li, Jin-Shui Yang, Li Ma, Zhuang Lin, Ruediger Schmidt, Kai-Uwe Schroeder
Summary: This study designed and characterized a novel two-dimensional lightweight rotationally arranged auxetic structure, and systematically investigated its elastic properties, plastic collapse stress, and specific energy absorption through theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental methods. The results showed that the structure has excellent energy absorption capacity and extreme conditions, allowing for optimization according to different requirements.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Zhen-Yu Li, Xin-Tao Wang, Li Ma, Lin-Zhi Wu
Summary: Auxetic structures have attracted attention due to their unconventional behavior, but their low stiffness limits their application. By using high-performance carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites, a study shows that a composite structure consisting of corrugated sheets and tubes exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio effect in large compression strain range.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ge Qi, Chen-xi Liu, Kan Feng, Li Ma, Kai-Uwe Schroeder
Summary: This study provides exact analytical solutions for stress distribution within a bundled hollow cylinder under contact tractions, addressing the non-uniformity of stress distribution and developing maximum normalized stress maps for understanding stress distribution mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Ankang Liu, Yunlong Chen, Jiqiang Hu, Bing Wang, Li Ma
Summary: Impact resistance and damage tolerance are important factors in the design of composite structures. This study investigated the damage and failure mechanism of CF/PEEK composite laminates under low-velocity impact and compression after impact loading conditions. The effects of different stacking sequences on performance were compared. Nondestructive testing, digital image correlation, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze structural damage. A 3D damage model based on continuum damage mechanics was established and numerical simulations were conducted. The results validated the model and predicted the ultimate residual strength.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Yanfeng Zhang, Linzhi Wu, Yuguo Sun, Li Ma, Shidong Pan, Bing Wang, Jian Xiong, Zhengong Zhou
Summary: In this study, the influence of off-axial orientation on the pin-bearing failure behavior of 3D orthogonal woven carbon/carbon composites was evaluated using a sequential multiscale modelling strategy and experimental validation. Hierarchical numerical simulation methodology was developed to obtain precise mechanical responses, and off-axial angle sensitivity analysis was conducted. The primary damage mechanism under off-axial cases was found to be a combination of material out-of-plane swelling and yarns in-plane rotation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hang Yang, Nicholas D'Ambrosio, Peiyong Liu, Damiano Pasini, Li Ma
Summary: Shape memory materials can maintain temporary shapes without external constraints and revert to their permanent shape upon exposure to an external stimulus. This paper introduces a new approach using 3D-printable polymeric materials that do not rely on the shape memory effect to generate a robust shape memory response. The materials' shape reconfiguration and rapid recovery are solely governed by mechanical loading and temperature change, enabling programmable multistability, hyperelasticity, giant thermal deformations, and shape memory capacity.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhen-Yu Li, Xin-Tao Wang, Li Ma, Lin-Zhi Wu, Lifeng Wang
Summary: The mechanical properties of stacked origami structures can be improved by introducing fiber reinforced composites. In this study, composite stacked origami structures with different stacking angles and thickness of origami sheets are designed and fabricated using a hot molding process. Finite element simulation and experimental compression tests are conducted to investigate their mechanical properties and auxetic characteristics. The effects of origami sheets thickness and stacking angles on the in-plane and out-of-plane auxetic characteristics of the structure are discussed. The failure modes of the structures during compression are analyzed, and their energy absorption capacity is compared with other honeycomb materials.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wei-Jing Wang, Wei-Ming Zhang, Meng-Fu Guo, Jin-Shui Yang, Li Ma
Summary: This study systematically investigates the dynamic response of windmill-like star-hexagon (WSH) honeycombs through theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental methods. The static and dynamic plateau stresses of WSH honeycombs are calculated, and critical velocities leading to different deformation modes are determined. Furthermore, the gradient design of WSH honeycombs is analyzed, and the energy absorption performance of gradient WSH honeycombs is explored through numerical simulations. It is found that WSH honeycombs exhibit better energy absorption capacity than conventional honeycombs under low-velocity impact loading, and the concave angle gradient design and thickness gradient design can further enhance their energy absorption performance.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Yu-Zhou Wang, Li Ma
Summary: Sandwich structures, especially curved ones, have garnered significant attention due to their superior stiffness and strength. These structures are essential for meeting mechanical loads as well as thermal, acoustic, optical, and electrical challenges. This paper proposes a composite structure that combines curved shell sandwich structures with acoustic metamaterials to achieve desired mechanical and acoustic properties. The theoretical model is established using the harmonic expansion method and principle of virtual work, and the sound transmission loss (STL) performance is studied along with the impact of structural geometry and material parameters.
JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yun-Long Chen, Li Ma
Summary: This article investigates the free vibration and damping characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced sandwich cylindrical shells with 3D reentrant auxetic cores (3D RSCSs). Finite element analysis and theoretical predictions using the Rayleigh-Ritz method and third-order shear deformation theory are conducted. Experimental tests on all-composite 3D RSCSs specimens manufactured through hot press molding and interlocking assembly validate the predicted modal properties. Furthermore, the influences of fiber ply angles and geometric parameters on the natural frequency and damping loss factor are investigated.
MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
