Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Geetika Dua, Ravibabu Mulaveesala, Priyanka Mishra, Jasleen Kaur
Summary: This paper focuses on a highly depth resolved Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging (FMTWI) and its digitized version named as Digitized Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging (DFMTWI) for identifying subsurface Teflon patches in GFRP test specimens to simulate delaminations at various layers.
INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Anju Rani, Ravibabu Mulaveesala
Summary: This paper presents a novel method for characterizing defects in glass fibre reinforced polymer samples using infrared thermography. The method is fast, non-contact, and quantitative, and has been validated through simulated and experimental studies. The results demonstrate the superior defect detectability of the proposed method compared to other techniques.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ravibabu Mulaveesala, Vanita Arora, Geetika Dua
Summary: This article discusses the application of pulse compression favorable Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging (FMTWI) technique for testing and evaluation of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). The concept of InfraRed Image Correlation (IRIC) is introduced for reconstructing correlation fringes in thermal NDT&E of CFRP materials. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the IRIC-based post-processing scheme in providing spatio-temporal correlation fringes for CFRP testing and evaluation.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julia Eichhorn, Cindy Elschner, Martin Gross, Rudi Reichenbacher, Aaron X. Herrera Martin, Ana Prates Soares, Heilwig Fischer, Julia Kulkova, Niko Moritz, Leena Hupa, Markus Stommel, Christina Scheffler, Martin Kilo
Summary: The study evaluates the spinnability of four bioactive silicate glasses, finding that their crystallisation behavior, characteristic processing temperatures, and viscosity can be determined by thermal analysis.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sushanta K. Das, Lingaraj Pradhan, Bikash Kumar Jena, Suddhasatwa Basu
Summary: In this study, porous carbon nanostructures were designed and fabricated, and redox-active species were added to enhance the performance of supercapacitors. The results showed that the prepared material exhibited high specific capacitance and energy density. Furthermore, asymmetrical coin-cell devices were used to further improve the performance.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Farima Abdollahi-Mamoudan, Sebastien Savard, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Tobin Filleter, Xavier Maldague
Summary: This paper introduces a novel coplanar capacitive sensing method, which can achieve different penetration depths and electric field strengths by using electrodes of different sizes and separations, thus improving the sensitivity and efficiency of measurements. Through 3D finite element modeling and experimental verification, the feasibility of using a multi-electrode coplanar capacitive sensor for defect discrimination at different depths is demonstrated.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
S. Karlsson, M. Kozlowski, L. Grund, S. A. K. Andersson, K. C. E. Haller, K. Persson
Summary: This paper presents a method for non-destructive testing of glass strength. Samples of annealed float glass were subjected to controlled Vickers microindentation-induced cracking and compared to un-indented samples. The non-destructive testing using nonlinear acoustic waves resulted in defect values, which were found to correlate linearly to the indentation force. Ring-on-ring testing yielded realistic strength values in the range of 45 to 110 MPa. The study shows that a non-destructive testing method for glass strength is feasible.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Maryam Monazami, Ashutosh Sharma, Rishi Gupta
Summary: The installation of concrete pavements at bus stops can improve resistance to deterioration, with innovative materials like CFRC showing superior performance compared to normal concrete. Real-time monitoring and various tests showed that CFRC bus pads have fewer cracks and better durability, leading to increased service life and lower electrical resistivity compared to traditional concrete bus pads.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Karel Kunzel, Vaclav Papez, Kristyna Carrera, Petr Konrad, Michal Mara, Premysl Kheml, Radoslav Sovjak
Summary: This paper discusses the electromagnetic properties of ferromagnetic fibres used in composite mixtures as dispersed fibre reinforcement, including a proposal for measuring the fibres' hysteresis loop. The study shows a relationship between the non-destructive method's results and destructive flexural strength measurements in order to provide information related to fiber reinforcement.
Review
Engineering, Industrial
Isaac Segovia Ramirez, Fausto Pedro Garcia Marquez, Mayorkinos Papaelias
Summary: Additive manufacturing, a major advancement in the fourth industrial revolution, involves high-precision material deposition using various techniques to build final parts. Efficient inspection methods, such as Nondestructive Testing, are crucial for ensuring quality control and detecting faults in additive manufacturing. The selection and correct use of Nondestructive Testing techniques depend on factors such as application, manufacturing process, material type, and discontinuities. This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the state of the art of Nondestructive Testing in additive manufacturing, highlighting relevant works and challenges faced by each technique. It also explores the use of Machine Learning techniques for defect quantification and analysis in Nondestructive Testing.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuanming Wu, Zhenguo Wu, Luchao Yue, Benhe Zhong, Jie Liang, Yonglan Luo, Qingquan Kong, Abdullah M. Asiri, Xiaodong Guo, Qian Liu, Xuping Sun
Summary: The use of macroporous honeycomb-like carbon nanofibers as an anode material for high-capacitive potassium storage demonstrated significantly improved kinetics and structural stability. The structural characteristics of the material enabled ultrahigh potassium storage ability and competitive rate capability, even after repeated cycles at high current densities. This work offers a promising strategy for effectively improving K+ diffusion kinetic performance and promoted K+ adsorption/intercalation storage through macropore engineering coupled with an amorphous structure.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Salem Mohammed Aldosari, Muhammad A. Khan, Sameer Rahatekar
Summary: The study developed a unique method for preparing carbon fiber precursors using a blend of pitch and LLDPE, which resulted in less brittle precursors compared to neat pitch fibers. Increasing the percentage of LLDPE significantly improved the tensile properties, and the blend carbon fibers exhibited excellent thermal stability.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yijun Yan, Jinchang Ren, Huan Zhao, James F. C. Windmill, Winifred Ijomah, Jesper de Wit, Justus von Freeden
Summary: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is capable of detecting minor differences in temperature, moisture, and chemical composition, and has been successfully applied in various fields. However, its application in condition monitoring and damage detection of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is relatively unexplored. This article introduces the use of near-infrared (NIR) HSI camera for non-destructive inspection of CFRP products, presenting technical challenges and solutions through three case studies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
The-Hien Pham, Kil-Hee Kim, Ic-Pyo Hong
Summary: This study investigates the use of a low-cost FMCW radar as part of a millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar imaging scheme for non-destructive testing purposes. By combining digital signal processing algorithms and compressed sensing algorithms, high-resolution target images can be successfully reconstructed.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zhang Zhenwei, Xu Jing, Jia Rui, Wu Yinghong, Guan Hao, Han Siyi, Zhang Cunlin, Zhao Yuejin
Summary: In this study, a terahertz frequency-modulated-continuous-wave non-destructive testing imaging system was used to non-contact detect high-voltage cables. The internal spiral structure and strand number of the cables were accurately displayed through three-dimensional data reconstruction and image representation. Additionally, feature defect signals were automatically classified and recognized, allowing for more efficient prediction of abnormal defects in the cables.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Akram Zitoun, Steven Dixon, Mihalis Kazilas, David Hutchins
Summary: This study investigates the vibrational ultrasonic response of a thin magnetostrictive patch bonded to a glass plate, and demonstrates that the vibration of the patch can be controlled and enhanced by optimizing the magnetic fields.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xin'an Yuan, Jianchao Zhao, Wei Li, Guoming Chen, Xiaokang Yin, Xiao Li, Jianming Zhao, Jie Liu
Summary: This paper presents a nondestructive testing method for irregular cracks in steel structures using the ACFM technique and DGFA algorithm. The surface morphology of the cracks can be visually inspected, providing more intuitive information for structural health monitoring.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Xinan Yuan, Wei Li, Guoming Chen, Xiaokang Yin, Xiao Li, Jie Liu, Jianchao Zhao, Jianming Zhao
Summary: This article presents visual and intelligent identification methods for defect inspection in underwater structures using the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique. The current perturbation theory is developed to analyze the disturbed current field and the distorted magnetic field caused by defects. The gradient imaging algorithm is presented as an image preprocessing method to highlight the visual morphology of defects. The results show that the current perturbation theory clarifies the relationship between the characteristic signal and the morphology of various defects, and the gradient imaging algorithm can achieve visual detection of defects. The CNN deep learning algorithm can intelligently identify different types of defects.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jihao Shi, Weikang Xie, Xinyan Huang, Fu Xiao, Asif Sohail Usmani, Faisal Khan, Xiaokang Yin, Guoming Chen
Summary: This study proposes an advanced neural network model for real-time forecasting of the spatiotemporal evolution of natural gas release, reducing its impact on the environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the model accurately predicts the uncertainty and boundary of the gas release, achieving high accuracy and real-time capacity.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jianchao Zhao, Wei Li, Xin'an Yuan, Xiaokang Yin, Qinyu Chen, Jiteng Zhang, Shengfu Yang
Summary: In this study, a simple method is proposed to evaluate surface cracks without the limitation of lift-off. The theoretical models and experiments demonstrate that the length and depth of surface cracks can be accurately evaluated at an unknown lift-off distance by the proposed method.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Stefano Laureti, Marco Mercuri, David A. A. Hutchins, Felice Crupi, Marco Ricci
Summary: This study proposes a modified FMCW-based scheme that improves performance below 50 mm through a time-shift of the reference signal. Numerical and experimental evaluations show a significant enhancement in performance compared to the standard FMCW and close similarity to the correlation approach. This work paves the way for the future use of FMCWs in applications requiring high precision.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Akram Zitoun, Steven Dixon, Mihalis Kazilas, David Hutchins
Summary: The study investigates the use of thin magnetostrictive patches for defect detection using guided waves in composite samples. The SH0 shear horizontal guided waves were generated in CFRP and GFRP plates using a magnetostrictive patch transducer. Images of defects were reconstructed using the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) based on multiple transmission and detection locations. The results for imaging defects in both CFRP and GFRP materials are presented.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wei Li, Zhiren Wang, Xiaokang Yin, Xin'an Yuan, Huimin Yang, Xinyu Shao
Summary: This article proposes a novel detection method for quantitative detection of pipeline cracks, using three circumferentially uniformly distributed probes. The signals received by two receiving probes constitute a couple of differential signals, and the differential signal enhancement algorithm can separate the crack signal from the overlapped signal, greatly improving the accuracy of crack location. The characteristic coefficient method is introduced to improve the quantitative accuracy of the crack sizes. The localization and quantification methods are verified through experiments.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ting Zhu, Martin Mwelango, Xiaokang Yin, Xin'an Yuan, Wei Li, Guoming Chen
Summary: Insulator-conductor composite structures are widely used in various fields, but the interface between the insulator and conductor is prone to flaws. To inspect the functionality and integrity of these composite structures, a dual-mode sensor combining eddy current and capacitive sensing principles is proposed. Experimental investigation on Perspex-aluminum composite structures verifies the ability of the sensor to detect corrosion under insulation, surface cracking on the conductor, and interface debonding. The results demonstrate that the detection method is effective in evaluating flaws in complex situations at the interface.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xin'an Yuan, Jianchao Zhao, Wei Li, Xiaokang Yin, Xiao Li, Jianming Zhao, Mengbao Fan
Summary: In this study, a novel phase reversal feature is discovered using the multi-frequency ACFM technique to classify and evaluate surface and subsurface cracks in aluminum and its alloy structures. The experiments demonstrate that the response signals of the cracks can be accurately classified and evaluated using this technique.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
M. Mwelango, T. Zhu, K. Wen, Z. Zhang, X. Yuan, W. Li, X. Yin
Summary: This review paper provides a systematic overview of the coplanar capacitive sensing technique for non-destructive evaluation. It covers the fundamentals of the technique, factors affecting sensor performance, designs of coplanar capacitive sensors for defect detection, and various applications in different fields. The challenges and future prospects of the technique are also discussed.
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND EVALUATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xinqi Zhang, Jihao Shi, Xinyan Huang, Fu Xiao, Ming Yang, Jiawei Huang, Xiaokang Yin, Asif Sohail Usmani, Guoming Chen
Summary: This study proposes a deep probabilistic graph neural network that models the spatial dependency of sensors to improve leakage detection. The results demonstrate that the model achieves competitive detection accuracy and provides more comprehensive leakage detection information. Additionally, the model's posterior distribution enhances leakage localization accuracy.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jianming Zhao, Wei Li, Xin'an Yuan, Xiaokang Yin, Xiao Li, Qinyu Chen, Jianxi Ding
Summary: In this article, an end-to-end physics-informed neural network is proposed for defect identification and 3-D reconstruction. A high-precision automatic detection system with a specially designed probe is established to detect defects in any direction. The faster RCNN network is used to identify and classify defects, and the physics-informed Pix2Pix network is constructed to realize 3-D reconstruction of defects with different types.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jianchao Zhao, Wei Li, Xin'an Yuan, Xiaokang Yin, Qinyu Chen, Jianming Zhao
Summary: In this article, a lift-off point of intersection (LOI) feature is discovered for the first time from the raw signals of ACFM for the elimination of spurious signals caused by lift-off variations. A theoretical model is established to analyze the effect of lift-off variations on the characteristic signals of ACFM. Validation experiments show that the novel Bx signal plotted by LOI amplitude has no spurious signals caused by lift-off variations and can accurately evaluate the crack depth as with traditional Bx signals.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xiao Li, Wei Li, Xiaokang Yin, Xin Ma, Xin'an Yuan, Jianming Zhao
Summary: The study introduces a method that utilizes CMBV for both kinematic calibration and path error measurement of industrial robots. The results show that the proposed vision system is accurate enough to assess robot performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
