Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hernan Cortes, Mario Castillo-Ruiz, Hernan Canon-Jones, Trinidad Schlotterbeck, Ricardo San Martin, Leandro Padilla
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Quillaja saponin extracts on Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in Salmo salar. The results showed that the extracts reduced mortality caused by P. salmonis and modulated the expression of immunomarkers in the host. These findings support the future use of purified Quillaja extracts as a natural non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and control of P. salmonis infections in salmon.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fernanda Lopes Conte, Karina Basso Santiago, Bruno Jose Conti, Eliza de Oliveira Cardoso, Lucas Pires Garcia Oliveira, Georgia da Silva Feltran, Willian Fernando Zambuzzi, Marjorie de Assis Golim, Maria Teresa Cruz, Jose Mauricio Sforcin
Summary: The study showed that propolis potentially affects innate immunity by downregulating pro-inflammatory activity of monocytes. Propolis maintained RA's action on cell marker expression, while also inhibiting monocyte responses to certain stimuli such as EtxB and MAGE-1.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yanran Li, Qiyuan Yang, Dongjie Cai, Hongrui Guo, Jing Fang, Hengmin Cui, Liping Gou, Junliang Deng, Zhisheng Wang, Zhicai Zuo
Summary: Resistin, initially proposed as a link between obesity and diabetes in mice, is considered a pro-inflammatory molecule expressed in immune cells in humans, playing a regulatory role in chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, increasing evidence shows that it functions as a host defense peptide with wide-spectrum anti-microbial activity and immune modulation, limited microbial product-induced inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Locke Davenport Huyer, Serena Mandla, Yufeng Wang, Scott B. Campbell, Bess Yee, Christian Euler, Benjamin F. Lai, A. Dawn Bannerman, Dawn S. Y. Lin, Miles Montgomery, Kayla Nemr, Timothy Bender, Slava Epelman, Radkrishnan Mahadevan, Milica Radisic
Summary: ITA polymers, by leveraging hydrolytic degradation to release ITA, exhibit specific immunoregulatory properties on macrophage polarization in vitro and inhibit bacterial growth on acetate. In an in vivo model of biomaterial associated inflammation, intraperitoneal injection of ITA polymers leads to rapid resolution of inflammation compared to a control polymer silicone, highlighting the significance of sustained biomimetic presentation of ITA.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Juan Pablo Pontigo, Carla Espinoza, Mauricio Hernandez, Guillermo Nourdin, Cristian Oliver, Ruben Avendano-Herrera, Jaime Figueroa, Cecilia Rauch, Jose M. Troncoso, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Alejandro J. Yanez
Summary: Developing an effective and economical vaccine against Piscirickettsia salmonis is crucial for sustainable salmon farming. One vaccine prototype effectively protected Atlantic salmon by inducing specific antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the other two activated innate immune responses but did not provide protection. Understanding the protein formulation of vaccines based on P. salmonis is essential for improving immune responses and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Joo Dong Park, Kwang-Soo Kim, Seung Hee Choi, Gae Hoon Jo, Jin-Ho Choi, Si-Won Park, Eun-Su Ko, Minwook Lee, Dae-Keum Lee, Hye Jung Jang, Sohyun Hwang, Hae-Yun Jung, Kyung-Soon Park
Summary: This study found that the ELK3-Mid51 axis is directly associated with mitochondrial dynamics and NK cell immune response in TNBC, providing new strategies to improve the efficacy of NK cell-based immunotherapy of TNBC.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Hamed Ghafarifarsani, Ahmad Imani, Theo A. Niewold, Constanze Pietsch-Schmied, Kourosh Sarvi Moghanlou
Summary: The study found that the combination of AFB1 and ZEN in fish feed led to deterioration in growth, feed conversion rate, immune system, and intestinal tissue. Despite increased intestinal damage, there were no significant changes in growth and mortality rates.
Article
Biology
Knut Wiik Vollset, Robert J. Lennox, Helge Skoglund, Orjan Karlsen, Eirik Straume Normann, Tore Wiers, Elisabeth Stoger, Bjorn T. Barlaup
Summary: Parasite spillback from domestic animals can disrupt the balance and harm wild populations. Aquaculture-induced parasite spillback on wild salmon has been contentious. A 19-year study on Atlantic salmon demonstrated that the impact of parasite treatment on marine survival decreased over time, the relationship between salmon lice levels and treatment efficacy was weak, and both treated and untreated salmon had lower return rates with higher salmon lice levels. The study suggests that the impact of salmon lice on wild salmon populations should be better considered when evaluating the effects of aquaculture.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Karoline Hasti Rutle, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Frank Nilsen, Alejandro Mateos-Rivera, Anne Grete Sorvik Eide, Eeva Jansson, Maria Quintela, Francois Besnier, Fernando Allyon, Helene Borretzen Fjortoft, Kevin Alan Glover
Summary: Resistance toward the antiparasitic pyrethroid deltamethrin has been reported in the Atlantic salmon louse, and it is linked to mitochondrial DNA. This study investigates the impact of widespread pyrethroid use on mtDNA variation in lice and the dispersion of resistant haplotypes across the North Atlantic.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Peder A. Jansen, Bjarne Gjerde
Summary: Researchers have developed a model to predict lice-induced mortality of virtual post-smolt Atlantic salmon from 401 Norwegian rivers, with lice sourced from farmed salmon. However, the model's predictions of mortality rates were found to be systematically overestimated compared to mortality estimates based on observed lice numbers on caught post-smolts.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Ingrid A. Johnsen, Alison Harvey, Pal Naeverlid Saevik, Anne D. Sandvik, Ola Ugedal, Bjorn Adlandsvik, Vidar Wennevik, Kevin A. Glover, Orjan Karlsen
Summary: A model system was developed to estimate salmon lice-induced mortality, calibrated against empirical observations. Critics claim the model overestimates mortality, but their analysis may have shortcomings. Discrepancy between modelled and observed data does not necessarily indicate flaws, but can provide valuable supplementary information.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Eunhee Kim, Sunghee Cho
Summary: Stroke triggers excessive immune activation in the brain tissue, involving intricate interactions between infiltrating peripheral immune cells and resident immune cells. Limited immune cells need to be appropriately distributed between the CNS and periphery to mount a necessary post-stroke inflammatory response while maintaining peripheral immunity. Understanding the distinct roles of CNS and peripheral immunity in their concerted action against ischemic insults is crucial in stroke pathophysiology.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hamad H. H. Alanazi, Elyasa Elfaki
Summary: Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a botanical drug with various therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-asthmatic properties. It promotes immunomodulatory effects and plays a significant role in immunological diseases by regulating cytokines, increasing T-cell proliferation, and enhancing macrophage functions. This review focuses on the latest therapeutic effects of Ashwagandha on various diseases through immunomodulation, as well as its chemical properties and immunomodulatory role in type 2 allergic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alice Hamilton, Raffaella Rizzo, Samuel Brod, Masahiro Ono, Mauro Perretti, Dianne Cooper, Fulvio D'Acquisto
Summary: Social isolation has a significant impact on the immune regulation of mice, enhancing their resistance to bacterial infection. Social housing and huddling behavior may be important factors in regulating the host immune response.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Tschesche, Michael Bekaert, Joseph L. Humble, James E. Bron, Armin Sturm
Summary: The pyrethroid deltamethrin and the macrocyclic lactone emamectin benzoate are used to treat farmed salmon infestations by parasitic salmon lice. Drug resistance in the lice is associated with overexpression of ace1b, a member of the functionally diverse carboxylesterases family. The study identified 21 CaEs genes/pseudogenes in L. salmonis, with overexpression of ace1b observed in multi-resistant lice compared to susceptible ones.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Sarah J. Salisbury, Gregory R. McCracken, Robert Perry, Donald Keefe, Kara K. S. Layton, Tony Kess, Cameron M. Nugent, Jong S. Leong, Ian R. Bradbury, Ben F. Koop, Moira M. Ferguson, Daniel E. Ruzzante
Summary: The genetic consequences associated with the loss of migratory capacity of landlocked diadromous fishes in freshwater are not well understood. Selective pressures in freshwater residency can lead to differentiation between landlocked and anadromous populations, as well as within landlocked populations. However, genetic drift in isolated landlocked populations may limit consistent adaptation. Understanding the genetic parallelism can have implications for evolution and management practices.
AMERICAN NATURALIST
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Tricia L. Rubi, Alana G. McPherson, Niloufar Mokariasl, Ben F. Koop, Briony Campbell, John S. Taylor
Summary: The study on brood stock selection in Golden Eagle Sablefish hatchery shows potential for enhancing early survival rates. Analysis of a 2019 hatchery cohort revealed significant variations in productivity at both individual and family levels, with few breeding individuals contributing to the majority of offspring.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quentin Rougemont, Amanda Xuereb, Xavier Dallaire, Jean-Sebastien Moore, Eric Normandeau, Eric B. Rondeau, Ruth E. Withler, Donald M. Van Doornik, Penelope A. Crane, Kerry A. Naish, John Carlos Garza, Terry D. Beacham, Ben F. Koop, Louis Bernatchez
Summary: This study investigated the genomic basis of local adaptation in Coho salmon across North America and found that migration distance is the primary selective factor. Several candidate genetic variations associated with long-distance migration and altitude were also identified.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jay Joshi, Anne-Marie Flores, Kris A. Christensen, Hollie Johnson, Ahmed Siah, Ben F. Koop
Summary: This study used long-read sequencing technology to update the genome assemblies of Atlantic and Pacific salmon lice, and identified unique genomic features of their sex chromosomes. Moreover, conserved orthologous protein sequences were found between the W- and Z-chromosomes.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Simon R. M. Jones, Derek Price
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence of amoebic gill disease in farmed Atlantic salmon in British Columbia, Canada, and found distinct spatial and temporal patterns. The results showed a significant relationship between seawater temperature and gill scores, indicating temperature as a major risk factor.
Article
Fisheries
Carlo A. Biagi, Rosalind A. Leggatt, Dionne Sakhrani, Mike Wetklo, Wendy E. Vandersteen, Kris A. Christensen, Eric B. Rondeau, Breanna M. Watson, Kyle W. Wellband, Ben F. Koop, Ruth E. Withler, Robert H. Devlin
Summary: Doubled haploid gynogens are individuals with two identical maternal chromosome sets and no paternal genetic contributions. They are useful in whole-genome sequence assembly to eliminate allelic variation. This study successfully determined the timing for producing doubled haploid gynogens in multiple salmonid species and assessed their survival rate and genotypes.
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Amanda Xuereb, Quentin Rougemont, Xavier Dallaire, Jean-Sebastien Moore, Eric Normandeau, Berenice Bougas, Alysse Perreault-Payette, Ben F. Koop, Ruth Withler, Terry Beacham, Louis Bernatchez
Summary: This study evaluated the current conservation units (CUs) for Coho salmon in Canada using a large genomic dataset and compared patterns of genetic variation using neutral and outlier loci. The results suggest that the current CU boundaries are generally appropriate, but there may be a need for refinement in certain areas.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Simon R. M. Jones, Amy Long
Summary: Kudoa thyrsites is a parasite that infects marine fish and can cause a degradation of fillet quality in farmed Atlantic salmon. This study found that exposure to deeper-sourced seawater led to a higher prevalence and severity of K. thyrsites infections in Atlantic salmon. Additionally, fish held in tanks supplied with deep-sourced seawater had a higher infection rate compared to those in surface net-pens.
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Simon R. M. Jones, Jessica C. C. Low, Aidan Goodall
Summary: This study confirmed the presence of the Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola parasite in Pacific salmon and described its host range and geographical distribution. Infection caused pathological changes, but the impact on the health of wild Pacific salmon and the distribution and abundance of infective actinospores remain important areas of research.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Eric B. Rondeau, Kris A. Christensen, David R. Minkley, Jong S. Leong, Michelle T. T. Chan, Cody A. Despins, Anita Mueller, Dionne Sakhrani, Carlo A. Biagi, Quentin Rougemont, Eric Normandeau, Steven J. M. Jones, Robert H. Devlin, Ruth E. Withler, Terry D. Beacham, Kerry A. Naish, Jose M. Yanez, Roberto Neira, Louis Bernatchez, William S. Davidson, Ben F. Koop
Summary: The coho salmon populations in North America have significantly declined, and analysis of genomic data suggests bottleneck events after glacial retreat as a possible cause. A chromosome-level genome assembly and genome resequencing of 83 coho salmon were performed to aid in stock management and conservation efforts.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Vimbai Irene Machimbirike, Ignacio Vasquez, Trung Cao, Joy Chukwu-Osazuwa, Oluwatoyin Onireti, Cristopher Segovia, Pongsak Khunrae, Triwit Rattanarojpong, Marije Booman, Simon Jones, Manuel Soto-Davila, Brian Dixon, Javier Santander
Summary: This study investigates the genetic differences and evolution of the most common fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1. The O1 strain has two chromosomes and two typical plasmids. Furthermore, the O1 strain displays resistance to colistin sulphate, which differs from the O2 serotype and may be attributed to the ugd gene. The study also reveals that the genetic heterogeneity in the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster is characterized by the absence or presence of unique genes, which could result in differences in immune evasion mechanisms among serotypes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Eric B. Rondeau, Kris A. Christensen, Hollie A. Johnson, Dionne Sakhrani, Carlo A. Biagi, Mike Wetklo, Cody A. Despins, Rosalind A. Leggatt, David R. Minkley, Ruth E. Withler, Terry D. Beacham, Ben F. Koop, Robert H. Devlin
Summary: Chum salmon genome was sequenced and assembled using Oxford Nanopore and Flye software. Genome assembly was characterized by resequencing 59 chum salmon from hatchery sources. Genes involved in immune system and toxin response were found to be enriched in regions collapsed due to duplicated chromosomes from ancient genome duplication.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Anne-Marie Flores, Kris A. Christensen, Briony Campbell, Ben F. Koop, John S. Taylor
Summary: Sablefish, a type of cod, is found in coastal regions of the Pacific Ocean and has been subjected to a declining trend in stock biomass and landings since 2010. The genetic variation in growth rate, disease resistance, and survival among sablefish individuals and cohorts is not well understood. This study provides a comprehensive genome assembly of sablefish, which can be utilized for SNP-based surveys and management of both aquaculture and wild fishery.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
E. Ghanizadeh-Kazerouni, J. M. Wilson, S. R. M. Jones, C. J. Brauner
Summary: This study investigated the regenerative capability of gill tissue in Atlantic salmon. The results showed that approximately 38% of the resected gill filament length regenerated after 20 weeks. The regeneration percentage varied significantly among individuals but was not correlated with initial body size, condition factor, or overall fish growth rate. Immunohistochemistry showed increased cell proliferation at the filament tip shortly after resection, followed by the appearance of ionocytes, chemoreceptive neuroepithelial cells, and nerve fibers.
Article
Fisheries
Morgan D. Hocking, Jeffrey C. MacAdams, Michael J. Allison, Lauren C. Bergman, Robert Sneiderman, Ben F. Koop, Brian M. Starzomski, Mary L. Lesperance, Caren C. Helbing
Summary: A current challenge in environmental DNA (eDNA) applications is accounting for environmental background in surveys. This study conducted two controlled experiments using a coho salmon eDNA assay, demonstrating a novel method to detect target species eDNA in the presence of background and providing a statistically robust assessment for eDNA surveys.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Medina-Felix, Francisco Vargas-Albores, Estefania Garibay-Valdez, Luis Rafael Martinez-Cordova, Marcel Martinez-Porchas
Summary: In this research, the effects of Nocardia infection on fish gastrointestinal microbiota were analyzed. It was found that the infection led to decreased survival rate, severe damage to the stomach microbiota, and a significant increase in Proteobacteria. A negative correlation network between Proteobacteria and other important phyla was observed. Therefore, Nocardia sp. is an emerging pathogen capable of inducing dysbiosis and causing significant mortalities.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lele Wu, Wen Sun, Jiale Zhou, Yaolin Li, Jun Li, Zongcheng Song, Changbin Song, Shihong Xu, Xinlu Yue, Xian Li
Summary: The study finds that red light induces dichromatic skin pigmentation in turbot juveniles, with some individuals displaying black coloration and others displaying lighter skin. The upregulated gene expressions related to melanin synthesis and the involvement of the nervous system in spectral environment-driven color regulation are both crucial factors.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS
(2024)
