Accumulation of Copper, Lead, and Zinc by In Situ Plants Inoculated with AM Fungi in Multicontaminated Soil

Pot and field experiments were conducted to (1) evaluate bioavailability of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in contaminated soil and phytoremediation potential by in situ plants, B. pilosa var. radiate and Passiflora foetida var. hispida, as inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and (2) compare the results of pot and field experiments. The B. pilosa var. radiate plant inoculated with AM fungi had significantly greater Cu concentrations in the shoots and roots than noninoculated plants. Passiflora foetida var. hispida plant inoculated with AM fungi also had significantly greater Cu and Pb concentrations in the roots than noninoculated plants. As the root dry weight of Passiflora foetida var. hispida inoculated with AM fungi dramatically increased, the root Cu, Pb, and Zn content of Passiflora foetida var. hispida inoculated with AM fungi increased by 9-14 times, as compared with the noninoculated plants. The AM fungi have potential to either promote plant growth or increase heavy-metal accumulation. The values of element translocation proportion from root to shoot were Zn Cu Pb for both plant species in pot and field experiments. For both plant species, the results of the pot and field experiments were significantly different. The concentration values of the pot experiment were greater in comparison to the field experiment, and some values were significantly greater than those in the field experiment.