Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yongshan Tan, Laura J. Gardner, Brant Walkley, Oday H. Hussein, Hao Ding, Shikuan Sun, Hongfa Yu, Neil C. Hyatt
Summary: The effect of ultrafine fly ash (UFA) and fly ash (FA) on the physical properties and micro-structure of magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) was studied. UFA addition did not affect the hydration peak of MKPC formation but led to increased reaction duration and potential formation of secondary reaction products. The addition of a UFA:FA blend delayed the hydration and setting time of MKPC. MgKPO4 center dot 6H2O was the main crystalline phase observed, but Mg2KH(PO4)2 center dot 15H2O was also observed at low replacement levels in the UFA-only system. UFA and UFA:FA acted as fillers and diluents. The optimized formulation with 40 wt % fly ash (10 wt % UFA and 30 wt % FA) achieved the highest compressive strength and fluidity, producing a dense microstructure.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiaoming Li, Jingxia He, Jing Guo, Xianxian Zhang, Chong He, Jin Bai, Wen Li
Summary: The fusion behavior of fly ash from a Shell coal gasifier was analyzed by particle sieving, and it was found that the fusibility of amorphous fly ash was influenced by anorthite crystallization at high temperature. The fusion process of fly ash particle was divided into three stages: sintering, plateau, and melting. The fusion behavior differed for fly ash particles <45 μm and >45 μm due to the content and viscosity of anorthite crystals.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Davide Bernasconi, Caterina Caviglia, Enrico Destefanis, Angelo Agostino, Renato Boero, Nicoletta Marinoni, Costanza Bonadiman, Alessandro Pavese
Summary: In this study, correlations between heavy metal content, particle size, speciation distribution, and water leaching in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration were investigated. The results showed that heavy metal leaching is strongly related to speciation distribution and surface complexation on Al/Fe (hydr)oxide. The study also suggests that differences in speciation distribution, rather than heavy metal content or particle size, govern leaching potential in MSWI-FA.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lun Wu, Liqiang Ma, Gen Huang, Jihui Li, Hongxiang Xu
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in a fly ash sample from a coal-fired power plant in Guizhou province using multiple analysis methods. The results showed that a part of the rare earth particles was encapsulated within the glass body and could be released by wet grinding, increasing the acid-leaching recovery of REEs. This study provides valuable information for developing economically viable and environmentally sustainable technology for recovering REEs from coal fly ash.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Saif Al-Shmaisani, Ryan D. Kalina, Raissa Douglas Ferron, Maria C. G. Juenger
Summary: The availability of traditional siliceous Class F fly ash is decreasing as countries switch to renewable energy sources. To extend the availability of siliceous fly ash, suppliers are distributing blended coal ashes and incorporating other coal combustion products (CCPs) or natural pozzolans. While the characteristics of these blended fly ashes may differ, they perform well in cement-based mixtures.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chaoyong Li, Xinxi Zhang, Haisheng Li, Xiaolong Wen, Cheng Zheng
Summary: The study investigated the effect of particle size range on triboelectric separation of coal fly ash and found that efficient separation occurred when particle size ranged between 38 to 74 μm. Less effective separation was observed with particle sizes smaller than 38 μm, indicating there is an appropriate optimal separation range for triboelectrostatic beneficiation of fly ash.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haiyan Ji, Xue Mi, Qiangkun Tian, Chunli Liu, Junxia Yao, Shuhua Ma, Guisheng Zeng
Summary: This study successfully removed the amorphous phase from HAFA and increased the Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio through a novel mechanochemical activation-desilication process, resulting in excellent mullite refractory materials.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Geology
Pei Shao, Hongjian Hou, Wenlong Wang, Wenfeng Wang
Summary: The abundance and distribution of minerals and elements in high-alumina coal fly ash (HACFA) were investigated using multiple analytical techniques. The study found that as fly ash particles become finer, the content of mullite decreases while the content of quartz, corundum, and glass increases. Minerals containing rare earth elements (REE) appear in the shape of fish eggs or oolitic particles, mainly composed of Ai, Si, REE, O. HACFA shows high utilization potential with maximum contents of Al, Li, Ga, and REE. However, the high contents of harmful elements Cd and Cr require special attention.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ying Wang, Lisa E. E. Burris, Christopher R. R. Shearer, R. Douglas Hooton, Prannoy Suraneni
Summary: Modification of fly ash fineness is a commonly used method to improve its performance. This study investigated the fractionation of fly ash into different size categories and found that coarser size fractions had lower CaO content and more impurities. The reactivity of the fly ash decreased as the size fraction became coarser, and cement pastes made with finer fractions showed higher heat release and calcium hydroxide consumption. The magnitude of these changes depended on the original fly ash composition and particle size distribution.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yanbing Gong, Junmin Sun, Yinmin Zhang, Yongfeng Zhang, Ting-an Zhang
Summary: The influence of particle size on the distribution of various elements in high alumina coal fly ash (HAFA) was studied in this research. It was found that metal oxides decreased while nonmetal oxides increased with increasing particle size of HAFA. Different crystalline phases were observed in different particle sizes, with smaller particles containing more mullite and corundum, and larger particles containing more amorphous glass and quartz. Desilication efficiency showed improvement with mechanical pretreatment, and the formation of zeolites from glass phase Al2O3 after desilication was also observed. Classification may be crucial in the recovery of valuable elements due to differences in granularity.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiayuan Wu, Yi Yang, Feiyun Tou, Xiaoyun Yan, Shifeng Dai, James C. Hower, Binoy K. Saikia, Michael Kersten, Michael F. Hochella
Summary: Based on single particle (SP)-ICP-MS technology, this study determined the particle number concentrations (PNCs) and sizes of Fe- and Ti-containing nanoparticles (NPs) in different coal fly ash (CFA) samples. The results showed that combustion conditions and types of coal can affect the abundance and size of NPs in CFAs. In addition, raw coal properties, boiler types, and efficiency of particulate emission control devices can indirectly influence the PNCs of Fe- and Ti-containing NPs by affecting the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and metal concentrations of CFAs.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ewelina Grabias-Blicharz, Rafal Panek, Malgorzata Franus, Wojciech Franus
Summary: Mechanically treated fly ash was used to provide Al and Si atoms for zeolite synthesis. The combination of mechanical activation and hydrothermal synthesis improved the dissolution of activated fly ash and the crystallization of zeolites. The obtained zeolite materials exhibited high crystallinity and a large specific surface area. This study provides important data for utilizing fly ash resources and synthesizing practical zeolites.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chuncai Zhou, Chen Li, Wenwen Li, Jinke Sun, Quanzhong Li, Wentao Wu, Guijian Liu
Summary: This study conducted physical separations and chemical analysis on fly ash and found that critical elements are mainly enriched in amorphous glass. Integrated physical separation combined with desilicication is considered a promising approach for recovering critical elements from fly ash.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yue Peng, Tao Wang, Yongzheng Gu, Jiawei Wang, Yongsheng Zhang, Wei-Ping Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of using modified fly ash for mercury removal on particulate matter emissions from a coal-fired power plant. The results showed that the total PM removal efficiency of the particulate emission control device remained around 99.1 - 99.9% despite the addition of modified fly ash.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Batuhan Yildirim, Adam Washington, James Doutch, Jacqueline M. Cole
Summary: This paper outlines procedures for calculating small-angle scattering (SAS) intensity functions from 2-dimensional electron-microscopy (EM) images, comparing the results with experimental data and discussing limitations and potential applications of the method.
Article
Thermodynamics
Laura Pascazio, Jacob W. Martin, Maria L. Botero, Mariano Sirignano, Andrea D'Anna, Markus Kraft
Summary: This study estimated the degree of crosslinking within soot particles using reactive molecular dynamics simulations of crosslinked polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), highlighting the importance of crosslinking reactions during soot maturation.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kevin Gleason, Francesco Carbone, Alessandro Gomez
Summary: The study reveals that increasing pressure at high pressures leads to a decrease in flame temperature, affecting the chemical kinetics of soot formation. As pressure increases, the overall soot volume production rate also increases, and the role of C4/C2 species in the formation of C6H6 is significantly enhanced at high pressures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hassan Sabbah, Mario Commodo, Francesca Picca, Gianluigi De Falco, Patrizia Minutolo, Andrea D'Anna, Christine Joblin
Summary: The molecular composition of nascent soot particles was analyzed using mass spectrometry, showing a significant evolution from nucleation to growth stages. Samples collected from different locations along the flame axis revealed an increase in carbon clusters, including fullerenes, with longer residence time in the flame. This study suggests that large PAHs with pentagonal rings efficiently evolve into fullerenes through dehydrogenation and isomerization processes during early stages of soot growth.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mario Commodo, Francesca Picca, Giuseppe Vitiello, Gianluigi De Falco, Patrizia Minutolo, Andrea D'Anna
Summary: This work investigated the effect of aromatic fuel on radicals in particle nucleation and growth by measuring PSD, EPR, and Raman spectroscopy of soot particles in different ethylene and ethylene/benzene flames. The results showed that pi-radicals are involved in the early stages of particle growth and the spin density of particles is mainly related to the amount of H-atoms available. Additionally, the spin density displayed an inverse dependence with particle size, indicating the importance of particle surface in the soot formation process.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pedro M. de Oliveira, Daniel Fredrich, Gianluigi De Falco, Ingrid El Helou, Andrea D'Anna, Andrea Giusti, Epaminondas Mastorakos
Summary: The ultralow emission combustor concept based on flameless oxidation demonstrates the potential for achieving clean and efficient combustion of aviation kerosene. It shows soot-free and single-digit NOx levels under atmospheric conditions, attributed to a unique combustor mixing configuration. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations, providing further insights into mixing and air dilution effects on emissions and combustion completeness.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Francesco Tessarolo, Giandomenico Nollo, Devid Maniglio, Marta Rigoni, Luca Benedetti, Fabrizia Helfer, Ivan Corradi, Luigi Rovati, Alberto Ferrari, Mattia Piccini, Luca Accorsi, Elena Veronesi, Aurora Cuoghi, Salvo Baglio, Nunzio Tuccitto, Stefania Stefani, Stefano Stracquadanio, Filippo Caraci, Antonio Terrasi, Alessia Tricomi, Mario Musumeci, Andrea Miraglia, Giacomo Cuttone, Sofia Cosentino, Carlo Muscas, Luca Agostino Vitali, Dezemona Petrelli, Leopoldo Angrisani, Roberta Colicchio, Andrea D'Anna, Ivo Iavicoli, Gianluigi De Falco, Francesco Di Natale, Ernesto Di Maio, Paola Salvatore, Fabiana Quaglia, Marina Mingoia, Paolo Castellini, Paolo Chiariotti, Serena Simoni, Luigi Montalto, Alessia Baleani, Nicola Paone
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Italian university laboratories established testing facilities for face masks, testing 120 masks for differential pressure and bacterial filtration efficiency. Results showed that masks made of multi-layered nonwoven polypropylene had the best performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Mohy S. Mansour, Nevin Selcuk, Federico Beretta, Andrea D'Anna
FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jacob W. Martin, Laura Pascazio, Angiras Menon, Jethro Akroyd, Katharina Kaiser, Fabian Schulz, Mario Commodo, Andrea D'Anna, Leo Gross, Markus Kraft
Summary: Evidence of a reactive pi-diradical aromatic soot precursor imaged using non-contact atomic force microscopy has been shown, which can undergo barrierless chain reactions to form thermally stable aromatic rim-linked hydrocarbons under flame conditions. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate physical condensation of aromatics that survive for tens of picoseconds, providing a rapid, thermally stable chain reaction toward soot nanoparticle formation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Stefano Veronesi, Mario Commodo, Luca Basta, Gianluigi De Falco, Patrizia Minutolo, Nikolaos Kateris, Hai Wang, Andrea D'Anna, Stefan Heun
Summary: In this study, the morphological and electronic properties of incipient soot particles formed during combustion were investigated using STM and STS techniques. The results revealed the size and semiconductor behavior of the incipient soot particles.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elena Scaglione, Gianluigi De Falco, Giuseppe Mantova, Valeria Caturano, Alessia Stornaiuolo, Andrea D'Anna, Paola Salvatore
Summary: This study describes five decontamination methods for used surgical masks using common household equipment, aiming to reduce the environmental impact of single-use masks. Results show that immersion in 80 degrees C water and microwave-assisted sterilization are the most effective methods, without altering mask filtration efficiency and breathability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Patrizia Minutolo, Gianluigi De Falco, Mario Commodo, Alberto Aloisio, Andrea D'Anna
Summary: A porous nanostructured film of flame-formed carbon nanoparticles has been produced, and its morphological and structural characteristics have been characterized. The film exhibits nonmetallic behavior, with a monotonic decrease in resistance as temperature increases. Electrical conduction is explained by charge carriers tunneling and percolation between carbon grains. The film shows a high absolute temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and is ideal for temperature sensing.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Patrizia Minutolo, Mario Commodo, Andrea D'Anna
Summary: Accurate understanding of the optical properties of soot nanoparticles is crucial for applications such as measuring soot concentration in combustion environments and assessing environmental impact. While there is considerable agreement on the optical properties of mature soot particles, the properties of incipient soot nanoparticles remain uncertain. This study revisits the determination of refractive index and optical properties of inception particles in lightly sooting flames. By analyzing both light absorption and particle size measurements, the study confirms a significant decrease in absorptivity in the visible to near-infrared region for inception particles with a unimodal size distribution of d 63 & SIM;3 nm. The results also highlight the strong dependence of soot optical properties on particle size.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Luigi Miniero, Khushboo Pandey, Gianluigi De Falco, Andrea D'Anna, Nicolas Noiray
Summary: This study investigates the flame topology and spray characteristics of a low-emission LEAF combustor fueled with Jet A-1 and hydrogen at atmospheric condition. The results show that injecting hydrogen into the combustor can stabilize a LEAF topology at low air-to-liquid massflow ratio (ALR) and achieve very low emissions of soot and NO x at the combustor exhaust, even without preheating of the combustor air.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Evangelos K. Stefanidis, Thomas A. Ebaugh, Stoyan Bliznakov, Leonard J. Bonville, Radenka Maric, Francesco Carbone
Summary: This paper presents the implementation of laser diagnostics in Reactive Spray Deposition Technology (RSDT) for the manufacturing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) used in fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Laser measurements and microscopy analysis are used to investigate the evolution and characteristics of catalyst nanoparticles in the flame. The findings provide valuable insights for improving RSDT and optimizing electrode performance.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Farnaz Khosravi, Gregory S. Lewis, Michel Attoui, Arantza Eiguren-Fernandez, Francesco Carbone
Summary: Combustion is a major cause of air pollution, and CPCs are effective in monitoring atmospheric aerosols. This study characterizes a water-based WCPC prototype that can detect charged carbonaceous materials produced by flames. The addition of a DEG saturator inlet enhances the detection efficiency. The coupling of the DEG saturator inlet to the WCPC creates a new DEG-WCPC instrument that can detect sub-5nm aerosols at a relatively low cost and small size.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
