Article
Engineering, Civil
Mingxiao Xie, Chi Zhang, Jinzhao Li, Shan Li, Zhiwen Yang, Huaqing Zhang, Ke Qu
Summary: The study found that the phase lead in the boundary layer in the large wave flume was less significant compared to previous experiments in oscillatory flow tunnels. Wave-induced Reynolds stress and wave shape asymmetry contribute to the steady streaming in the flow field.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jacob R. Davis, Jim Thomson, Isabel A. Houghton, James D. Doyle, William A. Komaromi, Chris W. Fairall, Elizabeth J. Thompson, Jonathan R. Moskaitis
Summary: Drifting buoy observations and modeled surface wind speeds were used to study ocean surface waves in hurricanes. The analysis found that wave slopes increase linearly with wind speed at low-to-moderate winds, but the rate of increase reduces at higher winds and eventually reaches an asymptote at extreme winds. The findings suggest that the behavior of wave slope could contribute to the reduction of surface drag at high wind speeds.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jacob R. Davis, Jim Thomson, Isabel A. Houghton, James D. Doyle, William A. Komaromi, Chris W. Fairall, Elizabeth J. Thompson, Jonathan R. Moskaitis
Summary: This study combines drifting buoy observations and modeled surface wind speeds to investigate the characteristics of ocean surface waves in hurricanes. The results show that wave slopes increase linearly with wind speed at low-to-moderate winds, but the rate of increase is reduced at higher winds. At extreme winds, the wave slopes asymptote. The relationship between wave slope and wind speed has implications for surface drag reduction at high wind speeds.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
G. Ducrozet, A. Slunyaev, Y. A. Stepanyants
Summary: This paper investigates the transformation of surface envelope solitons over a bottom step in water of finite depth. Analytic formulas are derived using weakly nonlinear theory to describe the maximum attainable wave amplitude near the step and in the far zone. Results show that solitary waves may be greatly amplified when propagating from relatively shallow water to deeper domains, which is attributed to constructive interference between newly emerging envelope solitons and residual quasi-linear waves.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Peter Rogowski, Sophia Merrifield, Clarence Collins, Tyler Hesser, Allison Ho, Randy Bucciarelli, James Behrens, Eric Terrill
Summary: Landfalling tropical cyclones generate extreme waves, posing significant risks and damage. Accurate simulations of sea state during these storms are crucial but challenging. Studies show a general tendency for wave models to underestimate significant wave height, with distinct error patterns on an individual cyclone basis.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuval Yevnin, Yaron Toledo
Summary: The study implemented a new bottom reflection source term in a numerical wave prediction model to better simulate the near-shore environment, with successful results observed in analytical and numerical solutions, especially in areas with directional changes.
Article
Mechanics
Jun Fan, Jinhai Zheng, Aifeng Tao, Yuming Liu
Summary: The researchers theoretically and experimentally investigated the mechanism of upstream wave generation induced by ripples on a horizontal bottom, deriving general conditions and equations governing the amplitude evolution of these waves. Laboratory experiments confirmed the theory's predictions regarding the kinematics and critical flow conditions for observing the phenomenon.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Ashabul Hoque, Motiur Rahman, Masudar Rahman, Nur Hossain, Gour Chandra Paul
Summary: The study introduces an efficient energy dissipation model without free parameters and uses an iterative method to maintain consistency in the model equations, showing superior results compared to experimental data.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Xiang Gao, Xiaozhou Ma, Pengda Li, Fang Yuan, Yufei Wu, Guohai Dong
Summary: The nonlinear effects of highly nonlinear waves on radiation stress were investigated. The results show that the nonlinear radiation stresses are significantly greater than those based on linear waves and increase with the nonlinearity strengthening. The expressions based on Fenton's fifth-order Stokes wave are found to better reflect the nonlinear effect of waves. In extreme wave steepness, the fifth-order Stokes wave radiation stresses are approximately 17% larger than that of the linear wave.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Sourav Mandal, Arun John, V. Sanil Kumar
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between a heaving dual concentric cylindrical wave energy converter (WEC) buoy system and surface gravity waves on a stepped sea bottom. The energy captured by a linear electric generator (LEG) is directly related to the relative heave motion of the WEC buoy system. The effects of the step-type bottom on the relative heave response of the buoy system are analyzed using analytical methods and experimental results. It is found that the inclusion of an artificial step at the sea bottom leads to higher wave energy harnessing.
Article
Mechanics
Binbin Zhao, Tianyu Zhang, Wenyang Duan, Zhan Wang, Xinyu Guo, Masoud Hayatdavoodi, R. Cengiz Ertekin
Summary: The paper applies the MCC-RL model to investigate internal waves generated by a moving body on the bottom. Comparison with Euler's solutions shows good agreement and accuracy of the MCC-RL results. It is found that the amplitudes of the generated internal solitary waves in front of the moving body increase as the body speed exceeds a critical value, and decrease when the speed further increases.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Hitoshi Tanaka, Nguyen Xuan Tinh, Ahmad Sana
Summary: Recent investigations have shown that the bottom boundary layer under tsunami undergoes two transitional processes and remains laminar in deep sea areas.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Jie Zhang, Michel Benoit
Summary: This study investigates the formation of abnormal waves in coastal areas through numerical analysis, highlighting the significant impact of non-equilibrium dynamics on extreme wave occurrence and the role of the de-shoaling process in modulating parameters and enhancing wave kurtosis.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
L. E. Baker, A. Mashayek
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential importance of the surface in reflecting lee wave energy back into the interior using a linear model with viscosity and diffusivity. It shows that lee waves can interact with the upper ocean, resulting in enhanced vertical velocities and mixing near the surface under typical oceanic conditions.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meng Sun, Yongzeng Yang, Yutao Chi, Tianqi Sun, Yongfang Shi, Zengrui Rong
Summary: The study focuses on analyzing the impact of storm tidal currents on coastal ocean waves, using Fourier analysis and an analytic model to quantify the effects. The results indicate that the influence of wave-current interaction is significant where the sea bottom slope gradient is large.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mayilvahanan Alagan Chella, Andrew B. Kennedy, Joannes J. Westerink
JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Aikaterini P. Kyprioti, Alexandros A. Taflanidis, Andrew B. Kennedy
Summary: The study investigates the influence of coastal vegetation on the vulnerability of shoreline structures through numerical simulation data, calculating the effects of vegetation characteristics on structural fragility and discussing the role of vegetation in reducing structural vulnerability.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Joaquin P. Moris, Andrew B. Kennedy, Joannes J. Westerink
Summary: The study investigates the impact of a building array on tsunami-driven run-up loads through experiments and CFD simulations, finding that the number of rows of buildings providing shelter is a key factor for reducing wave run-up loads. Load Reduction Factors (LRF) decrease monotonically as the number of rows providing shelter increases, and other hydrodynamic properties like maximum inundation levels and velocity have larger values compared to bare earth conditions.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Amirhosein Begmohammadi, Damrongsak Wirasaet, Zachariah Silver, Diogo Bolster, Andrew B. Kennedy, J. C. Dietrich
Summary: This study proposes a method based on cell and edge clones to systematically remove artificial cross flows in subgrid modeling. The algorithm offers an extension allowing clones to be further split and merged based on surface elevation, aimed at accommodating the possibility of subgrid barriers being inundated during extreme events. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through a series of test cases, showing significant improvements over existing methodologies.
ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andrew B. Kennedy, Ronadh Cox, Frederic Dias
Summary: A dimensionless framework has been developed to relate CBD properties with storm-wave hindcasts and measurements, producing data-driven relations. Analysis of individual storm-transported boulders delineates the dynamic space where storm-wave CBD occur.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Aikaterini P. Kyprioti, Alexandros A. Taflanidis, Matthew Plumlee, Taylor G. Asher, Elaine Spiller, Richard A. Luettich, Brian Blanton, Tracy L. Kijewski-Correa, Andrew Kennedy, Lauren Schmied
Summary: This paper explores the development of a surrogate model for storm surge predictions in Delaware Bay, utilizing a database of synthetic hurricane-driven simulations and adopting Kriging as the modeling technique. It examines appropriate parameterization methods and strategies for dealing with missing data.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Johnathan L. Woodruff, J. C. Dietrich, D. Wirasaet, A. B. Kennedy, D. Bolster, Z. Silver, S. D. Medlin, R. L. Kolar
Summary: Coastal flooding models are used to predict inundation during storms, and the need for faster flooding predictions that also represent flow pathways and barriers can be addressed through subgrid corrections. Recent studies have shown a significant decrease in run time by implementing subgrid corrections in a finite-element-based shallow water model, improving accuracy and efficiency of inundation predictions by increasing model speed by 10 to 50 times.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Nobuki Fukui, Yu Chida, Zhongduo Zhang, Tomohiro Yasuda, Tung-Cheng Ho, Andrew Kennedy, Nobuhito Mori
Summary: The direct simulation of inundation in developed urban areas presents a greater challenge compared to bare earth simulations. This study compares the performance of four longwave models for tsunami inundation on a detailed topographical model, revealing characteristics and differences that have an impact on predicting damage.
JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alexis Van Blunk, Andrew B. Kennedy, Ronadh Cox
Summary: CBD are wave-emplaced accumulations on rocky coasts that record extreme inundation. Research shows CBD presence is universal at low dimensionless elevations, with frequency decreasing as elevation increases. Local factors may be key in determining high elevation CBD formation.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Matthew Florence, Nina Stark, Andrew Kennedy
Summary: Scour holes around slender piles in areas inundated during Hurricane Michael were measured and compared with scour hole depths estimated from existing scour prediction equations. Some measured scour depths could not be predicted by five common scour prediction equations. Momentary liquefaction was investigated as a possible explanation for the observed mismatch between the scour predictions and observations.
JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhongduo Zhang, Andrew B. Kennedy, Joaquin P. Moris
Summary: This study investigates long wave loading on a building array behind a high-elevation, varying-length seawall through laboratory experiments. The results show that the cross-shore peak load decreases with the sheltering angle, while the highest loads occur when the seawall exposes the structures. Flow concentration around the end of the wall leads to higher velocities when a structure is just exposed, resulting in large loads for nonbreaking waves at these wall lengths.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Joaquin P. P. Moris, Olivia Burke, Andrew B. B. Kennedy, Joannes J. J. Westerink
Summary: This study investigates the impact probability and magnitude of waterborne debris during inundation events on structures in coastal communities. The research uses laboratory measurements, flow hydrodynamics, and video recordings to analyze the impact of debris events on exposed and sheltered buildings within a building array. The results show that the collision probability of debris varies greatly depending on the level of sheltering, and the impulse of debris is reduced in sheltered conditions. A framework is developed to estimate the maximum structural loading response within a building array.
JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Johnathan Woodruff, J. C. Dietrich, D. Wirasaet, A. B. Kennedy, D. Bolster
Summary: This study extends subgrid corrections to ocean-scale simulations, evaluates the improved water level prediction accuracy, and decreases the computational expense by a factor of 13.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Amirhosein Begmohammadi, Damrongsak Wirasaet, Autumn Poisson, Johnathan L. L. Woodruff, J. Casey Dietrich, Diogo Bolster, Andrew B. B. Kennedy
Summary: Inundation models, representing coastal regions with a grid of computational points, made advancements by incorporating subgrid corrections based on coarse grid solutions. This study extended a storm surge model with numerical approaches to include subgrid corrections. The extensions were limited to maintain continuity and added a finite volume method for incorporating corrections to mass and momentum equations using high-resolution ground surface elevations, as well as modifying the no-slip condition for flows in channels with widths comparable to cell size. Numerical results demonstrated improved accuracy of coastal flooding predictions with low additional computational cost.
COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tracy Kijewski-Correa, David Roueche, Andrew Kennedy, Doug Allen, Justin Marshall, James Kaihatu, Richard L. Wood, Daniel J. Smith, Henry Lester, Meredith Lochhead, Andrew Copp, Abbey McCarthy, David O. Prevatt, Ian Robertson
Summary: This study presents field observations of Hurricane Dorian's coastal hazards and impacts on the built environment in the Bahamas, highlighting the importance of well-confined, elevated construction under major hurricanes. Recommendations include the need to codify practices through storm surge design provisions and an increase in design wind speeds in the Bahamas Building Code for better resilience in the future.
COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kuifeng Zhao, Yufei Wang, Philip L. -F. Liu
Summary: This note provides guidelines for selecting appropriate analytical periodic water wave solutions based on two physical parameters. The guidelines are summarized in a graphic format and the dividing lines between applicable wave theories are determined by the nonlinearity and frequency dispersion ratios.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jana Haddad, Johanna H. Rosman, Richard A. Luettich, Christine M. Voss
Summary: Understanding wave transformation in marsh vegetation canopies is crucial for assessing nature-based shoreline strategies. This study investigates the challenges of accurately modeling wave dissipation in coastal marshes and proposes a new dimensionless parameter to represent the canopy drag coefficient (C-D). The study finds that uncertainties in vegetation measurements lead to variations in C-D expressions, and suggests using the Cauchy number (Ca) as the more appropriate parameter for larger waves.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Dirk P. Rijnsdorp, Arnold van Rooijen, Ad Reniers, Marion Tissier, Floris de Wit, Marcel Zijlema
Summary: This paper extends the non-hydrostatic wave-flow model SWASH to account for the influence of a depth-uniform ambient current on wave dynamics. The model's ability is verified by comparing predictions to results from linear theory, laboratory experiments, and a spectral wave model. The extended model accurately captures current-induced changes in the wave field and simulations of wave dynamics in the presence of strong opposing currents.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhihao Shen, Duruo Huang, Gang Wang, Feng Jin
Summary: In this study, a resolved CFD-DEM coupling procedure was proposed to study the interaction of waves and irregularly shaped armour units. The model was validated by comparing the numerical results with a flume wave erosion test. The influence of armour shape on overtopping discharge, pressure distribution, and vortex structure was also studied.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xinyu Hou, Zhonghua Weng, Xin Chen, Gengfa Chen
Summary: A single-phase model is proposed to predict sediment motion on vortex rippled bed under wave action. The model takes into account the acceleration effect of bottom sediment, the development of asymmetric boundary layer, and the sediment phase-lag, and successfully predicts the velocity, concentration, and development of sediment cloud on vortex ripples.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mark Loveland, Eirik Valseth, Jessica Meixner, Clint Dawson
Summary: This article discusses the importance of using numerical models to predict the wind wave spectrum of the ocean. The article explores various finite element discretizations of the Wave Action Balance Equation and examines their convergence properties through simplified 2-D test cases. It also introduces a new spectral wind wave model called WAVEx and its implementation method.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yuan Li, Chi Zhang, Shaohua Zhao, Hongshuai Qi, Feng Cai, Jinhai Zheng
Summary: Sandy-muddy transitional beaches (SMT-Beaches) are a type of coastal formation consisting of upper sandy beach and lower mudflat. This study examined the morphological characteristics of SMT-Beaches and the mechanisms of the formation of sandmud transition (SMT) boundary. Field surveys were conducted on SMT-Beaches in South China Coasts and a new equilibrium profile function for SMT-Beaches was developed. The function demonstrated good performance and improved accuracy compared to traditional methods. It was also found that sediment characteristics differ on both sides of the SMT boundary, with clay-to-silt grains increasing seaward.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
He Ma, Ludi Xu, Samuel Ukpong Okon, Peng Hu, Wei Li, Huabin Shi, Zhiguo He
Summary: This study presents a coupled model to predict morphodynamic changes during storm surges. The model accurately simulates the morphological evolution of the Santa Rosa barrier island caused by Hurricane Ivan's storm surge.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Myung Jin Koh, Hyoungsu Park, Albert S. Kim
Summary: A framework combining tsunami flow model and debris transport model is developed to evaluate the kinematics of multiple debris and sequential hazards in a coastal community. The impact of tsunami-driven debris at Honolulu Harbor, Hawaii is assessed by simulating the motion of 2500 shipping containers under a hypothetical tsunami event. New types of intensity measures for tsunami-driven debris hazards are introduced, and hazard maps showing the potential impact loadings from debris dispersion are presented.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2024)