Article
Clinical Neurology
Carla Lou Morgenroth, Philipp Kleymann, Stephan Ripke, Swapnil Awasthi, Elias Wagner, Tatiana Oviedo-Salcedo, Cynthia Okhuijsen-Pfeifer, Jurjen J. Luykx, Marte Z. van der Horst, Alkomiet Hasan, Felix Bermpohl, Stefan Gutwinski, Stefanie Schreiter
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with schizophrenia treated with clozapine and evaluate potential correlations. A cohort of 91 participants was assessed and divided into subgroups based on OCS or OCD phenotypes. Genomic-wide data were analyzed to evaluate associations between phenotype severity and genetic predisposition, as well as medication metabolism. The study found high rates of OCS and OCD comorbidity, with significant correlations between OCD occurrence and clozapine metabolism. No correlations were found between OCS severity and medication metabolism. It is important to replicate these findings and further investigate the genetic predisposition of OCS and OCD in individuals with schizophrenia treated with clozapine.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lotte Dijkstra, Jentien Vermeulen, Lieuwe de Haan, Frederike Schirmbeck
Summary: The presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders does not seem to be directly associated with cognitive impairment in overall cognitive domains. However, post-hoc analyses reveal worse performance in processing speed tasks for patients with co-occurring OCS, and meta-regression suggests that age plays a significant role in the cognitive performance of this group. The heterogeneity in study results underscores the need for further research into the complex factors influencing cognition in individuals with psychotic disorders and comorbid OCS.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Berangere Thirioux, Nicolas Langbour, Prasanth Bokam, Issa Wassouf, Nathalie Guillard-Bouhet, Carole Wangermez, Pierre-Marie Leblanc, Damien Doolub, Ghina Harika-Germaneau, Nematollah Jaafari
Summary: The research on EEG microstates in the past 20 years has suggested that the imbalance in the temporal dynamics of microstates C and D is specific to schizophrenia, but a similar microstate imbalance has also been found in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to determine if this microstate pattern is specific to both schizophrenia and OCD. The results showed that both OCD and schizophrenia patients exhibited the same microstate imbalance, with an increased contribution of microstate C, decreased duration and contribution of microstate D, and higher transition probabilities from D to C compared to healthy controls. The source reconstruction further revealed similar dysfunctions in the Salience Network (SN), Executive Control Network (ECN), and cognitive cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop in both disorders. The findings provide substantial evidence for a common pathway and anomalies in salience and external attention processing in schizophrenia and OCD.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zekeriya Temircan, Turev Demirta
Summary: The study found a higher rate of schizophrenia-OCD relationship among male patients, with this group exhibiting worse clinical characteristics, while there were no significant differences in social and neuropsychological functionality between the two groups.
JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Mao-Hsuan Huang, Chih-Ming Cheng, Shih-Jen Tsai, Ya-Mei Bai, Cheng-Ta Li, Wei-Chen Lin, Tung-Ping Su, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Mu-Hong Chen
Summary: The study found that first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have a higher risk of major psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, OCD, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and schizophrenia. Different familial relationships of first-degree relatives consistently had increased risks for these disorders, and a dose-dependent relationship was found between the number of OCD probands and the risk of each major psychiatric disorder.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chuanjun Zhuo, Hongjun Tian, Guangdong Chen, Jing Ping, Lei Yang, Chao Li, Qiuyu Zhang, Lina Wang, Xiaoyan Ma, Ranli Li, Yun Sun, Xueqin Song, Langlang Cheng
Summary: A combination of low-dose lithium and moderate-dose quetiapine improved cognitive performance in murine models of schizophrenia, while moderate-dose lithium used either as monotherapy or as an adjunct with quetiapine worsened cognitive function. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these contrasting effects.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Katherine Parkin, Shanquan Chen, Marjan Biria, James Plaistow, Helen Beckwith, Isaac Jarratt-Barnham, Nuria Segarra, Yulia Worbe, Naomi A. Fineberg, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Trevor W. Robbins, Emilio Fernandez-Egea
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) commonly occur in patients treated with clozapine and can significantly affect subjective wellbeing. This study found that OCS severity had a negative impact on wellbeing scores, independent of depressive and psychotic symptoms. However, OCS did not impair general functioning. Obsessional thinking and hoarding behavior, rather than compulsions, were specifically associated with decreased wellbeing, possibly due to the nature of the compulsions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Nan Li, Shuzhan Gao, Shuang Wang, Sijie He, Jiayin Wang, Luqingqing He, Dongya Jiang, Yun Stone Shi, Jianguo Zhang, Yuan Gu, Tian Chen, Mingjun Kong, Xijia Xu, Qingshun Zhao
Summary: The study suggests that the interplay between Attractin (ATRN) and testosterone may help explain sexual dimorphisms in selected behavioral phenotypes. Additionally, male subjects with schizophrenia showed lower testosterone levels, while female subjects with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder exhibited higher testosterone levels.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kristina Aspvall, Filipa Sampaio, Fabian Lenhard, Karin Melin, Lisa Norlin, Eva Serlachius, David Mataix-Cols, Erik Andersson
Summary: For young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, a low-cost digital intervention followed by in-person treatment for nonresponders was found to be cost-effective compared with in-person cognitive behavior therapy alone. This study suggests that guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy within a stepped-care model may be a more efficient treatment option for children and adolescents with OCD.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuqi Yang, Tianjiao Zhao, Qiaohui Chen, Yumei Li, Zuoxiu Xiao, Yuting Xiang, Boyu Wang, Yige Qiu, Shiqi Tu, Yitian Jiang, Yayun Nan, Qiong Huang, Kelong Ai
Summary: The article discusses the revolutionizing effects of immunotherapy on cancer treatment and the limitations of immunotherapy on ovarian cancer. Nanomedicines have shown promise in improving ovarian cancer treatment by reversing the cold tumor immune microenvironment.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Bunmi O. Olatunji, David Cole, Joseph F. McGuire, Sophie C. Schneider, Brent J. Small, Tanya K. Murphy, Sabine Wilhelm, Daniel A. Geller, Eric A. Storch
Summary: The study found that the correlation and covariance between obsessions and compulsions increased during ERP treatment, and for non-improvers, the association between obsessions and compulsions strengthened. Conversely, in treatment responders, the relationship between obsessions and compulsions weakened over the course of ERP treatment, highlighting the importance of this relationship in OCD treatment.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hidekazu Sotoyama, Hiroyoshi Inaba, Yuriko Iwakura, Hisaaki Namba, Nobuyuki Takei, Toshikuni Sasaoka, Hiroyuki Nawa
Summary: Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex has opposing effects on social behavior depending on the duration of its activation. Sustained dopamine activation suppresses social behavior while acute activation enhances it. The duration of social interactions is positively correlated with transient dopamine release and negatively correlated with sustained dopamine increase in the prefrontal cortex. Dopamine levels also modulate neural calcium signaling and c-Fos induction triggered by social stimuli in prefrontal neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Paula Mut-Arbona, Lumei Huang, Maria Baranyi, Pal Tod, Andras Iring, Francesco Calzaferri, Cristobal de los Rios, Beata Sperlagh
Summary: Extracellular ATP acts as a danger molecule through purinergic receptors, particularly the ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), in pathological conditions. The specific role of P2X7R in regulating neuronal outgrowth during early embryonic stages was investigated. The study showed that genetic deficiency or pharmacological blockade of P2X7R leads to deficits in dendritic branching under physiological conditions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hollie A. L. Burton, Luise Pickenhan, Claire Carson, Paul Salkovskis, Fiona Alderdice
Summary: This review synthesized evidence on the experiences of maternity care and mental health care for women with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) during pregnancy and postpartum. The findings revealed three descriptive themes: experiences of barriers to treatment and care, experiences of treatment/care decision making, and experiences of treatment and care. Three analytic themes were also identified, which demonstrated tensions in balancing the health and safety of the baby and the mother, as well as the perception of a normal perinatal experience. The review highlighted significant gaps in the literature, particularly regarding maternity and pharmacological care experiences. Balancing these tensions is crucial to ensure that women with OCD receive the necessary care.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Steven P. Gargano, Melody G. Santos, Sydney M. Taylor, Irene Pastis
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and debilitating condition that affects the intricate neural pathways involved in executive functioning, organization, and planning. It is characterized by intrusive and unwanted thoughts, often accompanied by anxiety-inducing impulses.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
David Eilam
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2017)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Brandon L. Pearson, Jacqueline N. Crawley, David Eilam, Nathan S. Pentkowski, Cliff H. Summers
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2017)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zohar Hagbi, Alexandra Dorfman, Efrat Blumenfeld-Lieberthal, David Eilam
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alex Dorfman, David Eilam
Summary: The study suggests that socio-spatial behavior can be seen as a series of excursions originating and ending in close proximity to another individual. By measuring the social distance between two individuals, different types of social excursions can be distinguished. Research on rodents shows that each group displays a prevalent excursion type reflecting distinct social dynamics.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Simona Gielman, Zohar Hagbi, Yuval Dulitzky, Efrat Blumenfeld-Lieberthal, David Eilam
BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES
(2020)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Alex Dorfman, Omri Weiss, Zohar Hagbi, Anat Levi, David Eilam
Summary: Social spatial cognition focuses on the interaction between self, place, and partners, emphasizing the impact of the social environment on spatial behavior and the convergence of individual spatial representations into collective spatial behavior. Studies suggest that humans and animals have both cognitive maps of the physical environment and social cognitive maps. Social spatial cognition relies on knowledge of the physical and social environments, with the latter predominantly influencing spatial behavior modulation through dynamic social interactions.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zohar Hagbi, David Eilam
Summary: This study compared the behavior of two rodent species living in different habitats when exploring the same three-dimensional laboratory environment. The research found that while both species exhibited similar behaviors in establishing a home-base, they showed significant differences in mobility and elevation, reflecting their distinct motor abilities and perceived worlds.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zohar Hagbi, Elad Segev, David Eilam
Summary: When traveling on an incline, animals attempt to maintain consistent bilateral vestibular cues in order to orient themselves. They travel mainly in a straight vertical direction, avoiding diagonal movement.
Article
Biology
Yehonatan Ben-Shaul, Zohar Hagbi, Alex Dorfman, Pazit Zadicario, David Eilam
Summary: In this study, we tested whether rodents prefer to descend or ascend when given the choice. We found that all tested rodent species displayed a preference to descend, possibly due to attraction to the ground and the role of gravitaxis in spatial behavior.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zohar Hagbi, Simona Gielman, Alex Dorfman, David Eilam
Summary: This study found that rats prefer to travel on the lower level of a bi-level open-field, establishing a home-base and a local base on each level and exploring them separately. The perception of a multi-leveled environment may be influenced by the egocentric sensation of vertical movement and the availability of a large exploration area. Furthermore, the study suggests that rats integrate fragmented representations of the multi-leveled environment through home-base behavior.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zohar Hagbi, Tomer Gilad, Pazit Zadicario, David Eilam, Inon Scharf
Summary: This study tested the spatial navigation performance of rats and ants in horizontal and vertical mazes after learning reward locations. The results showed that rats performed slower but more accurately in vertical mazes after training in horizontal mazes, while they were less accurate but faster in horizontal mazes after training in vertical mazes. The performance changes in ants were not significant.
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
David Eilam
Article
Biology
Yonit Marcus, Elad Segev, Gabi Shefer, David Eilam, Galina Shenkerman, Assaf Buch, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty, David Zeltser, Itzhak Shapira, Shlomo Berliner, Ori Rogowski
Summary: The study examines the relationship between BMI and MS components, and how it varies with age and gender across weight categories. The results demonstrate a linear increase in MS components with BMI, with hypertension being the most common component in men and increased waist circumference in women. Among non-obese subjects, there is a linear increase in blood pressure, glucose, and triglycerides, and a decline in HDL cholesterol as BMI increases. Women between the ages of 30 and 50 have a higher metabolic protection compared to men.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Chen Rabi, Pazit Zadicario, Yael Mazon, Naama Wagner, David Eilam
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kristoffer L. Nielbo, Michal Fux, Joel Mort, Reut Zamir, David Eilam