Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Margherita Barbuti, Marco Maiello, Vincenza Spera, Alessandro Pallucchini, Giulio E. Brancati, Angelo G. I. Maremmani, Giulio Perugi, Icro Maremmani
Summary: Adults with ADHD often have comorbid substance use disorder (SUD), leading to greater severity of both disorders and additional challenges for treatment. Current research on pharmacological management of ADHD with comorbid SUD is limited, particularly in regards to the long-term effects of stimulant medications on dopamine signaling. Evidence suggests that high doses of stimulant medications have moderate efficacy on ADHD symptoms in ADHD-SUD subjects, but there is a risk for misuse. Atomoxetine is recommended for ADHD with comorbid cocaine or amphetamine use disorder, but its effectiveness in reducing addictive behavior is not well-demonstrated. For other subtypes of SUD, both atomoxetine and stimulant drugs have limited impact on addictive behavior, and a combination of ADHD treatment and SUD-specific strategies is recommended.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Marieke Michielsen, Didi Kleef, Denise Bijlenga, Cinderella Zwennes, Kim Dijkhuizen, Jan Smulders, Andreia Hazewinkel, Aartjan T. F. Beekman, J. J. Sandra Kooij
Summary: The study found that 65% of older adults with ADHD had a positive response to medication, but 42% discontinued medication due to side effects or nonresponse. There was a slight decrease in weight and increase in heart rate after the use of methylphenidate.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Sara Carucci, Carla Balia, Antonella Gagliano, Angelico Lampis, Jan K. Buitelaar, Marina Danckaerts, Ralf W. Dittmann, Peter Garas, Chris Hollis, Sarah Inglis, Kerstin Konrad, Hanna Kovshoff, Elizabeth B. Liddle, Suzanne McCarthy, Peter Nagy, Pietro Panei, Roberta Romaniello, Tatiana Usala, Ian C. K. Wong, Tobias Banaschewski, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, David Coghill, Alessandro Zuddas
Summary: The study reviewed the association of long-term MPH exposure with height, weight, and timing of puberty in ADHD individuals. MPH was found to have consistent significant effects on reducing height and weight, with more prominent impacts observed in the initial months of treatment. Limited data were available on the timing of puberty. Prospective studies are needed to further explore the underlying biological mechanisms and potential clinical implications.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Dara E. Babinski, Erika F. H. Saunders, Fan He, Duanping Liao, Amanda M. Pearl, Daniel A. Waschbusch
Summary: This study examined the diagnostic indicators, clinical characteristics, and functional impairment associated with adult ADHD using electronic medical records and self-report measures. The results showed a significant difference in prevalence of ADHD between self-report screening and medical records. ADHD was found to contribute to functional impairment even when controlling for other psychiatric comorbidities.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsin-Yi Fan, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Yu-Shian Cheng, Weilun Chung, Ruu-Fen Tzang, Hsien-Jane Chiu, Chun-Ning Ho, Kuo-Chuan Hung
Summary: This study provides a systematic review and analysis of the effectiveness of electroencephalogram-based neurofeedback (EEG-NF) in treating the core symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents/adults. The results suggest that EEG-NF can effectively improve inattention symptoms, but its effectiveness in reducing hyperactivity/impulsivity remains inconclusive.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. Janelle Cambron-Mellott, Jaromir Mikl, Joana E. Matos, Jennifer G. Erensen, Kathleen Beusterien, Marc J. Cataldo, Bernadette Hallissey, Gregory W. Mattingly
Summary: This study evaluates preferences for specific attributes associated with different long-acting stimulant treatments among US adults with ADHD. Patients valued speed of onset most and risk of rebound least. Three population groups with distinct preferences were identified: side effect-driven, quick onset-driven, and quick onset and long duration-driven.
PATIENT PREFERENCE AND ADHERENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Diane Purper-Ouakil, Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla, Tomas Ros, Eric Acquaviva, Tobias Banaschewski, Sarah Baumeister, Elisa Bousquet, Aurore Bussalb, Marie Delhaye, Richard Delorme, Renate Drechsler, Allison Goujon, Alexander Hage, Anna Kaiser, Louis Mayaud, Konstantin Mechler, Caroline Menache, Olivier Revol, Friederike Tagwerker, Susanne Walitza, Anna Maria Werling, Stephanie Bioulac, Daniel Brandeis
Summary: The study did not demonstrate the noninferiority of at-home NF compared to methylphenidate, but both treatment groups showed significant improvements in core ADHD symptoms and a broader range of issues. The reduction in ADHD-RS-IV total score between baseline and final visit was 26.7% in the NF group and 46.9% in the control group, showing that NF effects increased while those of methylphenidate remained stable.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ali Khorshidi, Marzieh Rostamkhani, Roya Farokhi, Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo
Summary: Aging poses a major challenge to the development and growth of countries worldwide. This study identified subgroups of the elderly based on their quality of life, sleep quality, and common mental disorders, and examined the influence of demographic characteristics on subgroup membership. Three subgroups were identified: healthy, anxious with poor sleep quality, and unhealthy. Being female, living in urban areas, and illiteracy were found to increase the odds of belonging to certain subgroups. These results highlight the co-occurrence of health problems among a significant portion of the elderly population.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mia Moses, Jeggan Tiego, Ditte Demontis, G. Bragi Walters, Hreinn Stefansson, Kari Stefansson, Anders D. Borglum, Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Mark A. Bellgrove
Summary: This study examined three potential endophenotypes for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): working memory function, response inhibition, and reaction time variability. The results showed that higher genetic risk for ADHD was associated with higher ADHD traits, as well as poorer working memory performance and increased reaction time variability. Lower working memory performance, poorer response inhibition, and increased reaction time variability were associated with more pronounced ADHD traits. Working memory and reaction time variability partially mediated the relationship between genetic risk for ADHD and ADHD traits, explaining 14% and 16% of the association, respectively.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Christine Strand Bachmann, Kari Risnes, Johan Hakon Bjorngaard, Jorun Schei, Kristine Pape
Summary: The study examines the impact of relative age on mental health, specifically in preterm infants. The results show that being relatively young within a school class is associated with an increased likelihood of psychostimulant prescription, and this effect persists into young adulthood for preterm individuals.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Che-Sheng Chu, Shih-Jen Tsai, Ju-Wei Hsu, Kai-Lin Huang, Chih-Ming Cheng, Tung-Ping Su, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Ya-Mei Bai, Chih-Sung Liang, Mu-Hong Chen
Summary: The study found that the progression rate from ADHD to BD is 5.12% among adolescents and young adults. Risk factors for progression include older age, comorbidity with other mental disorders, and alcohol use. Protective factors identified were male sex and certain personality disorders.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Feilong Zhu, Boya Liu, Dongqing Kuang, Xiaotong Zhu, Xiaoyu Bi, Yiqi Song, Tianshen Quan, Yiming Yang, Yuanchun Ren
Summary: This study found that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may be beneficial for improving sleep in adult ADHD patients using stimulant medications. Adhering to the recommended guidelines of 150 minutes of physical activity per week is particularly important in reducing the risk of sleep problems, especially for men.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Craig B. H. Surman, Daniel M. Walsh
Summary: The study found that light therapy has a significant effect on sleep in adults with ADHD, and melatonin, behavioral therapy, and weighted blankets also show potential. However, many sleep interventions currently in use have not been studied and validated in the ADHD population.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
E. Martin, C. T. Dourish, R. Hook, S. R. Chamberlain, S. Higgs
Summary: The study found that symptoms of ADHD and impulsivity are associated with disordered eating, and depression plays a mediating role in this relationship.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Morgan M. Grotewiel, Megan E. Crenshaw, Amelia Dorsey, Elizabeth Street
Summary: Hyperfocus and flow are intense concentration experiences associated with reduced perception of irrelevant stimuli and improved task performance. Hyperfocus has been historically seen as a symptom of ADHD, autism, or schizophrenia, while flow is regarded as an enjoyable experience in positive psychology. Recent studies suggest that hyperfocus and flow may be the same phenomenon viewed from different perspectives.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)