Article
Microbiology
Jing Lu, Alexander Drobyshevsky, Lei Lu, Yueyue Yu, Michael S. Caplan, Erika C. Claud
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and poses a significant risk for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). This study found that abnormal bacterial colonization in preterm infants contributes to the development of NEC and negatively affects brain development and neurological outcomes. Using a mouse model, the researchers observed decreased occludin and ZO-1 expression, increased inflammation, impaired behavioral performance, delayed brain maturation, and altered metabolic profiles in mice with NEC, indicating the negative impacts of pre-NEC microbiota on brain development and neurological outcomes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lila S. Nolan, Angela N. Lewis, Qingqing Gong, James J. Sollome, Olivia N. DeWitt, Robert D. Williams, Misty Good
Summary: Metabolomics analysis of breast milk from mothers of preterm infants revealed significant differences in metabolites related to fatty acid metabolism, oligosaccharides, amino sugars, amino acids, vitamins, and oxidative stress between mothers of infants with different birth weights. Understanding these differences may provide insights into tailored nutrition and care for preterm newborns in the future.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Lindsay Fleig, Joseph Hagan, Martin L. Lee, Steven A. Abrams, Keli M. Hawthorne, Amy B. Hair
Summary: Exclusive human milk diet was associated with improved growth and reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in small for gestational age preterm infants.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katherine Marie Ottolini, Elizabeth Vinson Schulz, Catherine Limperopoulos, Nickie Andescavage
Summary: Premature infants are born before a critical window of rapid placental nutrient transfer and fetal growth in the third trimester, leading to growth failure and neurodevelopmental impairments. Human milk is recommended for preterm infants, but additional fortification is needed to meet nutritional demands. Individualized fortification methods show promise in improving growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Katherine E. Chetta, Elizabeth V. Schulz, Carol L. Wagner
Summary: Human milk has significant effects on the gut microbiome, somatic growth, and neurocognitive outcomes. Continued research promises to improve donor human milk and donor milk derived products to achieve better outcomes for infants who do not receive their own mother's milk. The promotion of human milk is well-founded on evidence from the previous half century.
SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Wen C. Yew, Gregory R. Young, Andrew Nelson, William Cheung, Christopher J. Stewart, Simon H. Bridge, Claire Granger, Janet E. Berrington, Nicholas D. Embleton, Darren L. Smith
Summary: The interaction between lipids and phages in preterm human milk is crucial for the health of premature infants, as it can prevent the overgrowth of harmful bacteria and modulate the microbiome. The study reveals that phages are abundant in preterm milk from the first week and throughout the first 100 days of lactation. The core phage communities, characterized by Staphylococcus- and Propionibacterium-infecting phages, are significantly correlated with the abundance of long-chain fatty acids over time. These findings highlight the importance of phage carriage in preterm milk and its impact on early-life microbiota development.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lingyu Fang, Meili Zhang, Lianqiang Wu, Ruiquan Wang, Bangbang Lin, Jianfeng Yao, Dongmei Chen
Summary: The study demonstrated that preterm donor milk does not impact the growth of very-low-birth-weight infants, but significantly reduces feeding intolerance, shortens hospitalization time, and provides protective effects against necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. This suggests that preterm donor milk may lower the rate of infection in preterm infants and is worth promoting.
FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katherine E. Chetta, Joseph L. Alcorn, John E. Baatz, Carol L. Wagner
Summary: Frozen storage is crucial for preserving human milk for critically ill and very preterm infants, while milk pasteurization is essential for donor milk given to this population. Nutrient changes occur in milk due to storage and processing conditions, potentially leading to the presence of bioactive complexes like HAMLET, which may have unknown clinical implications. HAMLET, a protein-lipid complex found in human milk, has specific toxicity to certain cells and can trigger inflammatory pathways with unclear consequences, particularly in immature intestinal tissues. Addressing HAMLET's presence and bioactive role in human milk is important in neonatal research.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yurika Yoshida, Minami Azuma, Haruhiro Kuwabara, Tokuo Miyazawa, Yuya Nakano, Kazuna Furukawa, Keli M. Hawthorne, Masahiko Izumizaki, Takashi Takaki, Mari Sakaue, Katsumi Mizuno
Summary: The study found that fortified milk with human milk-based fortifier (HMBF) had less impact on the size of human milk fat globules (MFG) compared to cow milk-based fortifier (CMBF). This difference may affect the feeding tolerance of very preterm infants.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Margaret L. Ong, Mandy Brown Belfort
Summary: Human milk is the preferred enteral diet for preterm infants due to its macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive factors. Challenges include variability in composition and the need for fortification. Strategies to optimize growth may include using new technology for milk analysis. When maternal milk is unavailable, pasteurized donor milk is a suitable alternative. Research into the benefits of non-nutrient bioactive factors in milk and novel approaches to fortification are areas for future exploration.
SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keqin Liu, Jinjin Guo, Jixin Yang, Yanwei Su
Summary: This study finds that human milk is beneficial in reducing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. However, the association between different proportions of human milk and the outcome of necrotizing enterocolitis is still unclear. Moreover, the study shows that different proportions of human milk significantly affect various aspects of necrotizing enterocolitis prognosis.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicholas D. Embleton, Thomas Sproat, Sabita Uthaya, Gregory R. Young, Shalabh Garg, Vimal Vasu, Andrea C. Masi, Lauren Beck, Neena Modi, Christopher J. Stewart, Janet E. Berrington
Summary: This study investigated the effect of an exclusive human milk diet on the gut microbiome of preterm infants. The results showed that an exclusive human milk diet did not affect the overall diversity of gut bacteria but had an impact on specific bacterial taxa associated with human milk receipt.
Article
Pediatrics
Shan He, Gang Liu, Xueping Zhu
Summary: This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of human breast milk-derived exosomes in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis by reducing inflammation and injury, and restoring intestinal tight-junction proteins.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Erin Grace, Cathie Hilditch, Judith Gomersall, Carmel T. Collins, Alice Rumbold, Amy K. Keir
Summary: The study found that using human milk-based fortifiers reduced the risk of necrotising enterocolitis compared to cow's milk-based fortifiers. However, there was no clear evidence of an effect on late-onset sepsis or other outcomes. The overall quality of evidence was considered to be low due to imprecision and lack of blinding in one study.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Agnethe May Ahnfeldt, Lise Aunsholt, Bo Moelholm Hansen, Bente Hoest, Valdis Johannsdottir, Susanne Soendergaard Kappel, Anja Klamer, Soren Moller, Bertha Kanijo Moeller, Per Torp Sangild, Ann Lawaetz Skovgaard, Gerrit van Hall, Louise Dyrberg Vibede, Gitte Zachariassen
Summary: Investigating the use of intact bovine colostrum as a fortifier for human milk in very preterm infants, it was found that it is feasible, safe, and showed preliminary efficacy in terms of growth and blood biochemistry. The fortification with bovine colostrum resulted in similar growth but provided more protein and elevated amino acid levels compared to conventional fortifiers.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
