Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hipolito Perez-Martin, Cristina Lidon-Moyano, Adrian Gonzalez-Marron, Marcela Fu, Raul Perez-Ortuno, Montse Ballbe, Juan Carlos Martin-Sanchez, Jose A. Pascual, Esteve Fernandez, Jose M. Martinez-Sanchez
Summary: This study analyzed data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study to investigate the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers, e-cigarette users with and without nicotine, and nonusers. The findings showed that exclusive users of e-cigarettes without nicotine had the lowest nicotine metabolic rate, while cigarette smokers had the highest. Nonusers had a lower nicotine metabolic rate compared to cigarette smokers. Additionally, younger individuals and those with lower body mass index had higher nicotine metabolic rates.
Article
Substance Abuse
Haidy K. Giratallah, Meghan J. Chenoweth, Newton Addo, Jasjit S. Ahluwalia, Lisa Sanderson Cox, Caryn Lerman, Tony P. George, Neal L. Benowitz, Rachel F. Tyndale
Summary: This study found that urinary NMRT/F showed the highest correlation with plasma NMR, making it the best urinary alternative to plasma NMR or nicotine clearance. NMRT/T had the least utility due to its substantial influence from cotinine glucuronidation.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Cory Kucera, Anand Ramalingam, Shweta Srivastava, Aruni Bhatnagar, Alex P. Carll
Summary: There is increasing evidence that the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) can induce cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias, and this is dependent on nicotine. This study examined how different forms and concentrations of nicotine in e-cigs influence these effects and provides a mechanism for nicotine-salt-induced autonomic imbalance. The findings suggest that e-cig aerosols from nicotine-salt-containing e-liquids could increase cardiovascular risks by inducing sympathetic dominance and cardiac arrhythmias.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Evangelia Liakoni, Rachel F. Tyndale, Peyton Jacob, Delia A. Dempsey, Newton Addo, Neal L. Benowitz
Summary: The study investigated the reliability of the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) as a phenotypic biomarker for nicotine clearance across races, finding that NMR is a strong predictor for nicotine oral clearance. Caucasians had higher nicotine and cotinine total oral clearance, while Blacks and Asians had lower rates in certain metabolic processes.
PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Basile Amice, Harvey Ho, En Zhang, Chris Bullen
Summary: This research report presents a rare physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for the absorption, disposition, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine in pregnant women. The model successfully reproduces the higher clearance rates of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women, with simulation results showing temporal profiles for their disposition in organs such as the brain, including nicotine reaching its peak concentration within 2 minutes after intravenous injection. Further pharmacokinetic experiments are needed to refine clearance parameters for individual organs and the fetus.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shulei Han, Chuan Liu, Huan Chen, Ya'ning Fu, Yuan Zhang, Ruijuan Miao, Peipei Ren, Pengpeng Yu, Zhihao Shi, Yushan Tian, Hongjuan Wang, Tong Liu, Hongwei Hou, Qingyuan Hu
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of different nicotine salt systems in an animal model. The results showed variations in absorption rate, metabolic rate, and clearance among these systems. Nicotine benzoate reached and maintained a higher concentration in the body compared to nicotine lactate, nicotine tartrate, and freebase nicotine. Additionally, the concentration of nicotine benzoate in the plasma decreased with increasing benzoic acid ratios.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyun-Seung Lee, Mi-Ryung Chun, Soo-Youn Lee
Summary: Measuring multiple nicotine metabolites and total nicotine equivalents (TNE) is a more reliable method for verifying tobacco exposure compared to measuring single urinary cotinine alone. This measurement can be helpful for monitoring low-level or secondhand smoke exposure and for determining individual differences in nicotine metabolism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei-Hung Chan, Ching-Huang Lai, Shu-Jia Huang, Chung-Chi Huang, Chung-Yu Lai, Yi-Chun Liu, Shiang-Huei Jiang, Shan-Ru Li, Ya-Mei Tzeng, Senyeong Kao, Yu-Tien Chang, Chia-Chao Wu, Chao-Yin Kuo, Kuang-Chen Hung, Yu-Lung Chiu
Summary: This study evaluated smoking rates in the military through questionnaire surveying and verified self-reported smoking behavior using urine cotinine concentration testing. It also analyzed the impact of second-hand smoking on urine cotinine concentrations. The results showed an overall underestimation of 7.0% in self-reported smoking behavior, highlighting the need for routine biochemical testing for accurate assessment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Pei Yee Ma, Jing En Tan, Edd Wyn Hee, Dylan Wang Xi Yong, Yi Shuan Heng, Wei Xiang Low, Xun Hui Wu, Christy Cletus, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kyan Aung, Chean Yeah Yong, Yun Khoon Liew
Summary: This review examines a broad range of candidate genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to and severity of enteric fever, focusing on specific genes that may impact disease progression. Limitations in the studies and the potential for future research directions are also highlighted. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this review may contribute to the development of risk prediction tools, novel therapies, and personalized typhoid vaccine strategies.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andrea L. Hobkirk, Vishal Midya, Nicolle M. Krebs, Sophia I. Allen, Lisa Reinhart, Dongxiao Sun, Andrea L. Stennett, Joshua E. Muscat
Summary: The study investigated the intraindividual variability in nicotine exposure among non-daily smokers and found that menthol flavor and smoking time were related to cotinine levels, highlighting the role of smoking context in nicotine exposure.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Samuel Bru, Adrian Gonzalez-Marron, Cristina Lidon-Moyano, Reyes Carballar, Joan Marc Martinez-Lainez, Hipolito Perez-Martin, Marcela Fu, Raul Perez-Ortuno, Montse Ballbe, Jose A. Pascual, Esteve Fernandez, Josep Clotet, Jose M. Martinez-Sanchez
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between nicotine and soluble ACE2 concentrations in saliva samples. The results showed a slight increase in soluble ACE2 concentrations with nicotine, but the correlation was weak.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Laurel R. Seemiller, Lisa R. Goldberg, Phillip B. Smith, Jason Dennis, Andrew D. Patterson, Thomas J. Gould
Summary: Genetic background plays a role in sensitivity to nicotine and metabolism, which can affect susceptibility to nicotine addiction. Studying differences in nicotine sensitivity and metabolism in inbred mouse strains can help identify risk factors for nicotine addiction.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana-Maria Vlasceanu, Daniela Gradinaru, Miriana Stan, Viorela G. Nitescu, Daniela Luiza Baconi
Summary: This study examined the relationship between serum cotinine levels and oxidative stress in 76 adult patients. The results showed an inverse association between tobacco smoke exposure and glutathione levels, suggesting that exposure to smoke particulate components can deplete systemic glutathione. Interestingly, active smokers had higher glutathione levels but lower levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), while passive smokers showed a decrease in AOPP levels with an increase in glutathione levels. This suggests that inhalation of smoke particulate constituents can disrupt redox homeostasis and impair the antioxidant role of glutathione.
Article
Substance Abuse
Parisa Kaviany, James Paul Senter, Joseph Michael Collaco, Anne E. Corrigan, Emily Brigham, Megan Wood, Han Woo, Chen Liu, Rachelle Koehl, Panagis Galiatsatos, Kirsten Koehler, Nadia Hansel, Meredith McCormack
Summary: This study found that increased tobacco outlet density is associated with higher levels of bedroom air nicotine and serum cotinine, and increasing levels of secondhand smoke exposure are associated with less controlled childhood asthma.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Romina H. Aspera-Werz, Jonas Mueck, Caren Linnemann, Moritz Herbst, Christoph Ihle, Tina Histing, Andreas K. Nussler, Sabrina Ehnert
Summary: Smoking affects wound healing and increases the risk of tissue infections and sepsis after trauma and orthopedic surgery. Increased expression of PADI4 may be a potential mechanism underlying these complications. Nicotine and cotinine may induce neutrophil extracellular trap formation, exacerbating the occurrence of complications.