Prevalence of peri-implant inflammatory disease in patients with a history of periodontal disease who receive supportive periodontal therapy

ObjectivesTo describe the status of implants in periodontally compromised patients who regularly receive supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and to determine the factors associated to peri-implant inflammatory disease in those patients. Material and methodsClinical and radiographic data of implants in periodontal patients who, after being treated and included in a SPT programme, wore implant prostheses for at least 6months were recorded. The implants were classified according to the criteria of the 6th European Workshop on Periodontology in health, mucositis and peri-implantitis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse the individual and adjusted effects of each study variable on mucositis or peri-implantitis, using SUDAAN to account for clustering (multiple implants within the patient). ResultsA total of 786 implants were placed in 239 patients. At patient level, 60.3%, 24.7% and 15.1% were classified as healthy, mucositis and peri-implantitis patients, respectively. At implant level, the respective percentages were 77.4%, 12.8% and 9.8%. For mucositis, at implant level, the adjusted ORs indicate a significant association with plaque index (P=0.050), type of periodontitis (P=0.030) and location (P=0.045). For peri-implantitis, the adjusted ORs indicate a significant association with plaque index (P<0.001) and location (P=0.002). ConclusionsThe prevalence of peri-implant inflammatory disease in periodontal patients who regularly undergo SPT is clinically significant. The factors associated with peri-implant inflammatory disease were plaque index and implant location, and mucositis was also affected by the type of periodontitis the patient had.