Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tyler J. Loftus, Amanda C. Filiberto, Tezcan Ozrazgat-Baslanti, Saraswathi Gopal, Azra Bihorac
Summary: Patients with chronic critical illness (CCI) may suffer from chronic organ dysfunction, induced frailty, and worsening cardiovascular and renal diseases. Special consideration should be given to pharmacological therapies, behavioral modifications, and targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to clarify the pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardio-renal syndromes in CCI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jin Sun Cho, Jae-Kwang Shim, Sak Lee, Jong-Wook Song, Nakcheol Choi, Sugeun Lee, Young-Lan Kwak
Summary: The study revealed that postoperative AKI in valvular heart surgery patients increases the risk of AKD and CKD development, with persistent AKI further escalating this risk. Additionally, heart failure and high right ventricular pressure postoperatively were identified as independent risk factors for CKD.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ashish Verma, Anand Vaidya, Sonu Subudhi, Sushrut S. Waikar
Summary: The study found that higher serum aldosterone levels are independently associated with an increased risk for kidney disease progression in individuals with chronic kidney disease, regardless of concomitant diabetes. This suggests a potential role for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in delaying CKD progression even in those without diabetes.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrei Niculae, Mihai-Emil Gherghina, Ileana Peride, Mirela Tiglis, Ana-Maria Nechita, Ionel Alexandru Checherita
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to renal fibrosis and chronic kidney damage. Maladaptive kidney processes play a crucial role in the transition from AKI to CKD. Risk factors include the frequency and severity of kidney injury, as well as chronic diseases and unmodifiable factors. Understanding these mechanisms and risk factors is important for preventing or delaying the development of CKD from AKI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Transplantation
Aghiles Hamroun, Luc Frimat, Maurice Laville, Marie Metzger, Christian Combe, Denis Fouque, Christian Jacquelinet, Carole Ayav, Sophie Liabeuf, Celine Lange, Yves-Edouard Herpe, Jarcy Zee, Francois Glowacki, Ziad A. Massy, Bruce Robinson, Benedicte Stengel
Summary: This study reveals the high incidence of hospital-acquired AKI events in patients with CKD and their underreporting at hospital discharge. It also identifies low birth weight and anemia as potential new risk factors in CKD patients.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Carmine Zoccali, Francesca Mallamaci, Marcin Adamczak, Rodrigo Bueno de Oliveira, Ziad A. Massy, Pantelis Sarafidis, Rajiv Agarwal, Patrick B. Mark, Peter Kotanko, Charles J. Ferro, Christoph Wanner, Michel Burnier, Raymond Vanholder, Andrzej Wiecek
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Traditional and non-traditional risk factors contribute to the progression of cardiovascular complications in CKD patients. Arterial disease in CKD patients is characterized by calcification and vascular stiffness. Recent clinical trials have shown promising potential treatments for CKD patients, including hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, intravenous iron for treating anemia, and sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. However, more research is needed in this area.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ramesh Kumar, Rajeev Nayan Priyadarshi, Utpal Anand
Summary: In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the diagnosis of CKD among patients with liver cirrhosis, mainly attributed to risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A significant proportion of acute kidney injury in patients with decompensated cirrhosis turns into CKD, which can be either structural or functional. Limited literature exists on combined cirrhosis-CKD, presenting challenges for clinicians in diagnosing and treating CKD in cirrhosis patients.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jonny Jonny, Maria Teressa
Summary: Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) is an innovative technique that improves the effectiveness of hemodialysis by using a medium cut-off membrane. This membrane allows for better toxin removal without causing hypoalbuminemia. Studies have shown that HDx with medium cut-off membrane provides clinical benefits and better outcomes, although further research is needed to evaluate its long-term effects and larger impact on dialysis patients.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Di Liu, Yan Du, Fei-Yang Jin, Xiao-Ling Xu, Yong-Zhong Du
Summary: Kidney diseases, including AKI and CKD, are major global public health concerns with limited effective drug therapies. Kidney-targeted drug delivery is a potential strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. This review discusses renal cell-targeted formulations for AKI and CKD, providing biodistribution data and proposing future research directions.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Lagosz, Jan Biegus, Szymon Urban, Robert Zymlinski
Summary: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex and heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms that has posed challenges for cardiologists for many years. The coexistence of heart failure (HF) and deteriorated renal function adds to these challenges and is a strong predictor of poor outcomes. However, with the development of new renal assessment methods, we now have the opportunity to treat CRS more effectively than ever before. This review focuses on explaining the pathophysiology, recent advances, and current practices of monitoring renal function in patients with acute CRS, aiming to improve patient care and guide treatment strategies.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Abhi Dutta, Shubham Saha, Ajay Bahl, Anupam Mittal, Trayambak Basak
Summary: Cardiorenal syndrome is a broad spectrum disorder affecting the heart and kidneys. India has a high burden of acute cardiorenal syndrome, with 46.1% of patients diagnosed in India. Acute cardiorenal syndrome involves sudden kidney deterioration in acute heart failure patients. The pathophysiology includes hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Complications increase the risk of mortality, making it a global healthcare burden. Current biomarkers have limitations in early detection, highlighting the need for novel proteomic biomarkers to prevent progression.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Jonathan S. S. Chavez-Iniguez
Summary: Biomarkers have become important tools in the diagnosis and management of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), offering potential for early detection and intervention. Natriuretic peptides, troponins, and inflammatory markers have shown promising results in improving diagnosis and prognosis. However, further research is needed to establish their utility in routine clinical practice.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sari T. Alhoufie, Nadir A. Ibrahim, Areej A. Alhazmi, Hatim M. Makhdoom, Hamza M. Ali, Hassan A. Hemeg, Yahya A. Almutawif, Waleed H. Mahallawi, Khalid O. Alfarouk
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of acute Helicobacter pylori infection among dialysis patients and found a significant prevalence in renal failure patients. The study also identified a higher comorbidity rate of H. pylori infection with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Clifford J. Bailey, Caroline Day, Srikanth Bellary
Summary: This review evaluates the nephroprotective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in people with type 2 diabetes, highlighting their ability to slow down the decline in glomerular filtration rate, reduce microalbuminuria, and slow or reverse proteinuria. These effects are not limited to diabetes patients and extend to non-diabetic, lean, and normotensive individuals as well. The mechanisms behind these effects include tubuloglomerular feedback, improved tubular oxygenation and metabolism, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors has not shown increased risk of urinary tract infections or acute kidney injury.
CURRENT DIABETES REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandra Valdivielso More, Miren Vicente Elcano, Anna Garcia Alonso, Sergi Pascual Sanchez, Isabel Galceran Herrera, Francesc Barbosa Puig, Laia C. Belarte-Tornero, Sonia Ruiz-Bustillo, Ronald O. Morales O. Murillo, Clara Barrios, Joan Vime-Jubany, Nuria Farre
Summary: Despite being common in patients with advanced CKD, HF has been understudied. This retrospective study of 217 advanced CKD patients without RRT found a 40% prevalence of HF. Previous HF is associated with a high-risk profile and a worse prognosis, requiring close follow-up.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)