Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Li-Peng Liu, Qing-Song Lin, Wen-Yu Yang, Xiao-Juan Chen, Fang Liu, Xia Chen, Yuan-Yuan Ren, Min Ruan, Yu-Mei Chen, Li Zhang, Yao Zou, Ye Guo, Xiao-Fan Zhu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) blood-stream infection (BSI) in neutropenic children with hematological diseases. The study found that CRE colonizers were more likely to develop CRE-BSI, which was associated with lower 30-day survival probability. Additionally, individualized antimicrobial therapy should be considered due to the different features of patients with different CRE strains.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yue Wang, Qun Lin, Zhongju Chen, Hongyan Hou, Na Shen, Zhen Wang, Feng Wang, Ziyong Sun
Summary: The study identified gastrointestinal injury, tigecycline exposure, and carbapenem resistance score as independent risk factors for CRE BSI in intestinal carriers through multivariate analysis. The risk prediction model based on these factors showed high accuracy in predicting CRE BSI, with a sensitivity of 90.5%, specificity of 85.7%, and AUC of 0.921. Early CRE screening and detection in key departments may help to provide early warning and reduce nosocomial infection risk.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Wenwen Chu, Xiubing Hang, Xin Li, Naifang Ye, Wei Tang, Yafei Zhang, Xiyao Yang, Min Yang, Yansheng Wang, Zhou Liu, Qiang Zhou
Summary: The study found that intestinal CRE colonization was prevalent among hospitalized patients, especially in ICU patients, with potential rapid horizontal transmission. This suggests that CRE bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients may be caused by their colonized strains, indicating a correlation between intestinal colonization and BSI.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiangyuan Sun, Xiaocui Zou, Boting Zhou, Tao Yin, Ping Wang
Summary: The proportion of CRKP BSI has been gradually increasing over the past nine years, with prior use of carbapenems identified as an independent risk factor. The CRKP BSI group had more non-susceptibility to tested carbapenems and a higher mortality rate.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yaakov Dickstein, Ester Solter, David Schwartz, Amir Nutman, Inga Harevrich, Liat Wulffhart, Yehuda Carmeli, Mitchell J. Schwaber
Summary: This study assessed the Israeli national policy for containing carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, finding that carriage of NDM-producing Enterobacterales was not associated with higher rates of reversion to carrier status following spontaneous decolonization than carriage of KPC-producing Enterobacterales.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ilker Inanc Balkan, Mustafa Alkan, Gokhan Aygun, Mert Kuskucu, Handan Ankarali, Alper Karagoz, Sumeyye Sen, Hatice Yasar Arsu, Mehtap Bicer, Sibel Yildiz Kaya, Ridvan Karaali, Bilgul Mete, Nese Saltoglu, Fehmi Tabak
Summary: Mortality due to K. pneumoniae bacteremia is increasing, especially in regions with high resistance to carbapenem and colistin. Risk factors for colistin resistance and its impact on mortality were studied in patients with CRKp bacteremia. Colistin resistance was associated with hospital stay duration and prior colistin use, and significantly increased 28-day mortality along with age. Combined antimicrobial therapy was found to be more effective than monotherapy in reducing mortality in CRKp bacteremia.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Na Zhang, Lihua Qi, Xiong Liu, Meiling Jin, Yuan Jin, Xiaojing Yang, Jiali Chen, Shiyu Qin, Fangni Liu, Yue Tang, Ruizhong Jia, Xiushan Zhang, Yong Wang, Jinpeng Guo, Jie Liu, Changjun Wang, Yong Chen
Summary: CRKP-BSI is associated with high mortality. This study found that ST11 CRKP strains may carry multiple virulent genes and undergo evolutionary transmission events. The acquisition of carbapenemase, primarily KPC-2, was responsible for carbapenem resistance in all 146 CRKP strains. Enhanced infection control measures, especially in the intensive care unit, are urgently needed to prevent CRKP-BSI.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Zubai Cao, Chengcheng Yue, Qinxiang Kong, Yanyan Liu, Jiabin Li
Summary: The proportion of hospital-acquired infections among KP BSI patients has increased over the years, as well as the detection rate of CRKP among KP BSI patients. Exposure to BLBLIs, carbapenems, and solid organ transplantation were identified as independent risk factors for hospital-acquired CRKP BSI. CRKP BSI, septic shock, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and low platelet counts are associated with a higher 28-day mortality rate among hospital-acquired KP BSI patients.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yongqiang Yang, Yanxian Yang, Guanping Chen, Minmin Lin, Yuan Chen, Ruowen He, Klibs N. Galvao, Mohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed Ahmed, Adam P. Roberts, Yiping Wu, Lan-Lan Zhong, Xiaoxue Liang, Mingyang Qin, Xin Ding, Wenbin Deng, Songyin Huang, Hong-Yu Li, Min Dai, Ding-Qiang Chen, Liyan Zhang, Kang Liao, Yong Xia, Guo-Bao Tian
Summary: This study investigated 425 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to clarify the characteristics of carbapenemase-encoding and virulent plasmids. The findings revealed the multifactorial impact of KPC-2 plasmids on the bacteria, potentially associated with nosocomial dissemination of multidrug-resistant isolates.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kai Yang, Tingting Xiao, Qingyi Shi, Yunying Zhu, Jing Ye, Yanzi Zhou, Yonghong Xiao
Summary: The study revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections result in a significant economic burden, with significant differences in socioeconomic losses between carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-susceptible strains. The direct and indirect economic burdens, as well as disability-adjusted life years loss caused by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections, were significantly higher than those caused by susceptible strains.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Weijie Cao, Jieyong Zhang, Zhilei Bian, Li Li, Suping Zhang, Yang Qin, Dingming Wan, Zhongxing Jiang, Ran Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization and bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by CRE in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. The results showed that CR-KP colonization was an independent risk factor for CRE-related BSI. Patients receiving multi-drug therapy within 24 hours had slightly better prognosis than those in the single-drug treatment group.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Andreas G. Tofarides, Panagiotis Dimitriou, Georgios K. Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios Rogkas, Christina Flourou, Elina Khattab, Diamanto Kasapi, Chara Azina, Eirini Christaki
Summary: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, and resistant strains are becoming increasingly common. This study found that recent antimicrobial use and heart disease are associated with bloodstream infections caused by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jia Liu, Haixiao Zhang, Dan Feng, Jiali Wang, Mingyang Wang, Biao Shen, Yigeng Cao, Xiaoyu Zhang, Qingsong Lin, Fengkui Zhang, Yizhou Zheng, Zhijian Xiao, Xiaofan Zhu, Lei Zhang, Jianxiang Wang, Aiming Pang, Mingzhe Han, Sizhou Feng, Erlie Jiang
Summary: The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive risk model for bloodstream infection in hematological patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolated from perianal swabs. The results showed that age, meropenem and imipenem minimal inhibitory concentration, gastrointestinal symptoms, valley absolute neutrophil count, and shaking chills were independently associated with CRE bloodstream infection within 30 days. The predictive model exhibited good discrimination and calibration.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Fangfang Yuan, Weiqiang Xiao, Xiaokun Wang, Yuewen Fu, Xudong Wei
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. Medical records and drug susceptibility data of patients with hematologic malignancies complicated by CRPA bloodstream infections were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that patients with hematologic neoplasms had high mortality from CRPA bloodstream infections, and admission to the intensive care unit, higher Pitt bacteremia score, and granulocyte deficiency at discharge were independently associated with higher mortality. Early anti-infective treatment with ceftazidime-avibactam or polymyxin B may improve the clinical prognosis of patients.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Erkison Ewomazino Odih, Emmanuel Oladayo Irek, Temitope O. Obadare, Anderson O. Oaikhena, Ayorinde O. Afolayan, Anthony Underwood, Anthony T. Adenekan, Veronica O. Ogunleye, Silvia Argimon, Anders Dalsgaard, David M. Aanensen, Iruka N. Okeke, A. Oladipo Aboderin
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in an ICU in Southwest Nigeria, identifying a clone of CRAB belonging to the globally disseminated international clone (IC) 2. The findings highlight the need to strengthen the capacity to detect and control A. baumannii in Nigerian hospitals.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Cecilia Bonazzetti, Matteo Rinaldi, Andrea Giacomelli, Riccardo Colombo, Davide Ottolina, Sara Giordana Rimoldi, Cristina Pagani, Valentina Morena, Anna Lisa Ridolfo, Oana Vatamanu, Maria Eugenia Giacomini, Caterina Campoli, Letizia Oreni, Giuliano Rizzardini, Pierluigi Viale, Spinello Antinori, Maddalena Giannella
Summary: The development of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU is associated with a higher SOFA score, longer duration of intubation, longer ICU stay, and higher mortality. However, immunosuppressive therapy like steroids and tocilizumab does not increase the risk of bacteremia.
Review
Oncology
Elena Carrara, Elisa Razzaboni, Anna Maria Azzini, Maria Elena De Rui, Mariana Nunes Pinho Guedes, Anna Gorska, Maddalena Giannella, Linda Bussini, Michele Bartoletti, Federica Arbizzani, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Giulia Caponcello, Natalia Maldonado, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Carlo Visco, Mauro Krampera, Evelina Tacconelli
Summary: The main aim of this systematic review is to quantify the risk and identify predictors of clinical progression of SARS-CoV-2 in hematological patients compared to different control populations. The study found that hematological patients had a higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality, hospitalization, intensive-care admission, and mechanical ventilation compared to controls. Older age, male sex, and hypertension were significantly related to worse clinical outcomes in hematological patients with COVID-19.
HEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Elda Righi, Luigia Scudeller, Massimo Mirandola, Alessandro Visentin, Nico T. Mutters, Marco Meroi, Anna Schwabe, Anna Erbogasto, Gianluca Vantini, Elizabeth L. A. Cross, Maddalena Giannella, Xavier Guirao, Evelina Tacconelli
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and found that patients colonised with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) before surgery are more likely to develop postoperative infections. Preoperative screening for ESCR-E in adult inpatients may help reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Malgorzata Mikulska, Diletta Testi, Chiara Russo, Elisa Balletto, Chiara Sepulcri, Linda Bussini, Chiara Dentone, Federica Magne, Silvia Policarpo, Caterina Campoli, Filippo Miselli, Alessandro Cilli, Chiara Ghiggi, Sara Aquino, Carmen Di Grazia, Maddalena Giannella, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Antonio Vena, Anna Maria Raiola, Francesca Bonifazi, Pierluigi Zinzani, Michele Cavo, Roberto Lemoli, Emanuele Angelucci, Pierluigi Viale, Matteo Bassetti, Michele Bartoletti
Summary: The outcome of early treatment with antivirals or monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies is uncertain. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the efficacy of these treatments in mild/moderate cases between March 2021 and July 2022. Among the 328 patients included, treatment failure occurred in 9.5% of cases and was associated with older age, fewer vaccine doses, and monoclonal antibody therapy. The mortality rate in patients who developed severe COVID-19 despite early treatment was 26%.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Infectious Diseases
Michele Bartoletti, Maddalena Giannella, Luigia Scudeller, Sara Tedeschi, Matteo Rinaldi, Linda Bussini, Giacomo Fornaro, Renato Pascale, Livia Pancaldi, Zeno Pasquini, Filippo Trapani, Lorenzo Badia, Caterina Campoli, Marina Tadolini, Luciano Attard, Massimo Puoti, Marco Merli, Cristina Mussini, Marianna Menozzi, Marianna Meschiari, Mauro Codeluppi, Francesco Barchiesi, Francesco Cristini, Annalisa Saracino, Alberto Licci, Silvia Rapuano, Tommaso Tonetti, Paolo Gaibani, Vito M. Ranieri, Pierluigi Viale
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Milo Gatti, Pierluigi Viale, Pier Giorgio Cojutti, Eleonora Zamparini, Massimiliano De Paolis, Maddalena Giannella, Federico Pea, Sara Tedeschi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the maintenance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) dalbavancin efficacy thresholds and clinical outcomes. The results showed that maintaining the PK/PD efficacy thresholds of dalbavancin for the majority of the treatment period may be a valuable approach in dealing with long-term staphylococcal infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Rodolfo Hurle, Francesco Soria, Roberto Contieri, Pier Paolo Avolio, Stefano Mancon, Massimo Lazzeri, Valentina Bernasconi, Simone Mazzoli, Giuseppe Pizzuto, Matteo De Bellis, Matteo Rosazza, Simone Livoti, Tommaso Lupia, Silvia Corcione, Beatrice Lillaz, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Nicolo Maria Buffi, Ashish M. Kamat, Paolo Gontero, Paolo Casale
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective role of intravesical BCG against SARS-CoV-2 in NMIBC patients. The results showed that BCG treatment and systemic BCG-related adverse events were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main limitation of this study is its retrospective nature.
Article
Microbiology
Davide Diena, Anna Allesina, Fabrizio Fop, Alberto Mella, Rossana Cavallo, Cristina Costa, Caterina Dolla, Ester Gallo, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Antonio Lavacca, Roberta Giraudi, Filippo Mariano, Luigi Biancone
Summary: This study aims to explore the burden of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the long-term post-transplant course in kidney-transplanted patients (KTs) with extensive adoption of expanded-criteria donors (ECDs). A retrospective evaluation of 929 consecutive first KTs was performed, and CMV incidence was found to be 19.5%. Donor and recipient age, recipient pre-transplant hypertension, DR antigen compatibility, cold ischemia time, and post-transplant early complications were associated with CMV. The findings of this study have important implications for the long-term post-transplant outcomes and prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.
Article
Microbiology
Marco Masetti, Maria Francesca Scuppa, Alessio Aloisio, Laura Giovannini, Laura Borgese, Stefania Manno, Beatrice Tazza, Renato Pascale, Cecilia Bonazzetti, Natascia Caroccia, Mario Sabatino, Giosafat Spitaleri, Pierluigi Viale, Maddalena Giannella, Luciano Potena
Summary: Heart transplantation patients have a higher risk of COVID-19 and the efficacy of vaccines is lower, especially after the third or fourth dose. Mycophenolate therapy and recent transplantation are associated with an increased risk of infection and reduced efficacy of the fourth dose.
Article
Microbiology
Jessica Gill, Alessandro Busca, Natascia Cinatti, Roberto Passera, Chiara Maria Dellacasa, Luisa Giaccone, Irene Dogliotti, Sara Manetta, Silvia Corcione, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
Summary: This study retrospectively observed allo-HSCT recipients and found that bacterial bloodstream infections pose a major risk to these patients, with multidrug-resistant organisms being a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Independent risk factors for BSI occurrence include high and very high disease risk index, haploidentical transplant, and antibacterial prophylaxis.
Article
Microbiology
Simone Mornese Pinna, Iago Sousa Casasnovas, Maria Olmedo, Marina Machado, Miriam Juarez Fernandez, Carolina Devesa-Cordero, Alicia Galar, Ana Alvarez-Uria, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Jorge Garcia Carreno, Manuel Martinez-Selles, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Silvia Corcione, Emilio Bouza, Patricia Munoz, Maricela Valerio
Summary: This retrospective study analyzed the risk factors, outcome, and predictors of in-hospital mortality due to nosocomial infections in patients with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (VA-ECMO) admitted to cardiac intensive care units (CICU). The study found that nosocomial infections in patients receiving VA-ECMO treatment are very frequent, mainly Gram-negative respiratory infections. Preventive measures could be important for these patients.
Article
Oncology
Zeno Pasquini, Alice Toschi, Beatrice Casadei, Cinzia Pellegrini, Alessandra D'Abramo, Serena Vita, Alessia Beccacece, Linda Bussini, Maria Clara Chionsini, Nicola Dentale, Alessia Cantiani, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Michele Bartoletti, Emanuele Nicastri, Pierluigi Zinzani, Maddalena Giannella, Pierluigi Viale
Summary: We report a case series of adult patients with B cell malignancies and/or undergoing B cell targeting therapies with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated with a combination antiviral therapy of remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. All patients showed resolution of COVID-19-related symptoms and viral clearance after treatment. This combination therapy is promising for immunocompromized patients with impaired humoral immunity.
HEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Margherita A. C. Pomatto, Chiara Gai, Federica Negro, Lucia Massari, Maria Chiara Deregibus, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Giovanni Camussi
Summary: Citrus sinensis-derived extracellular vesicles (oEVs) showed potential as carriers for oral mRNA vaccines, providing stability, optimal mucosal absorption, and immune response induction.
Article
Immunology
Maddalena Giannella, Stefano Verardi, Andreas Karas, Hasania Abdel Hadi, Herve Dupont, Alex Soriano, Anne Santerre Henriksen, Andrew Cooper, Marco Falcone, ARES Study Grp
Summary: Patients with complex cases of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp infection were treated with cefiderocol, resulting in an overall clinical success rate of 53.1%. The success rate was higher in patients without septic shock and without COVID-19. This study highlights the challenges in treating drug-resistant infections and the potential effectiveness of cefiderocol in these cases.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Russell E. Lewis, Marta Stanzani
Summary: This review provides an overview of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) and triazole antifungals in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recent findings suggest the need for tailored approaches to manage these interactions, considering patient-specific risks and alternative treatments. The use of SMKIs has revolutionized AML treatment, but careful management of DDIs with triazole antifungals is necessary.
CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS
(2023)
