Article
Microbiology
Thomas Chandler, Stephen Furmanek, Ruth Carrico, Dawn Balcom, Forest Arnold, Julio Ramirez
Summary: This study analyzed the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for preventing hospitalization due to serotype-specific community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The results showed that PPSV23 did not offer protection against CAP hospitalization caused by the vaccine-contained serotypes. This study highlights the importance of developing more effective vaccines for the prevention of hospitalization due to S. pneumoniae CAP.
Article
Cell Biology
Haroon Arshad, Anastasios Siokis, Raimo Franke, Aamna Habib, Juan Carlos Lopez Alfonso, Yuliya Poliakova, Eva Luecke, Katina Michaelis, Mark Broenstrup, Michael Meyer-Hermann, Ursula Bilitewski, Jordi Vila, Laurent Abel, Thomas Illig, Jens Schreiber, Frank Pessler
Summary: Amino acid metabolism is dysregulated in both community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and infection-triggered chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. Total amino acid concentrations, asparagine, and threonine show promise as plasma biomarkers for differentiating CAP from COPD exacerbation, while reduced tryptophan and histidine levels are accurate biomarkers for distinguishing acute CAP from healthy controls. The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio correlates with clinical recovery and resolution of inflammation.
Article
Respiratory System
Dong Huang, Dingxiu He, Linjing Gong, Rong Yao, Wen Wang, Lei Yang, Zhongwei Zhang, Qiao He, Zhenru Wu, Yujun Shi, Zongan Liang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and develop a nomogram for predicting mortality in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study found that age, diabetes, chronic renal diseases, decreased systolic blood pressure, and elevated fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were independent risk factors for hospital mortality. The prediction model showed good performance in both the training and testing cohorts, and can be used for early risk stratification in clinical practice.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Yan Li, Pingshu Zhang, Zhijie An, Chenyan Yue, Yamin Wang, Yunqiu Liu, Xiaodong Yuan, Ying Ma, Keli Li, Zundong Yin, Liye Wang, Huaqing Wang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in patients with COPD. The results showed that both vaccines, when used separately or together, effectively reduced the risk of acute exacerbations, pneumonia, and hospitalizations in COPD patients, with the greatest effectiveness seen in preventing acute exacerbations.
Article
Microbiology
Christian Theilacker, Mark A. Fletcher, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: This article reviews the Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) and its extended studies, highlighting the efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in preventing pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults. It provides valuable insights for the assessment of adult pneumococcal vaccination.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Damien Basille, Lei Wang, Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Jyothi Menon, Nisha Shetty, Pierre Duhaut, Claire Andrejak, Vincent Jounieaux, Henrik Toft Sorensen
Summary: This study examined the impact of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on pneumonia outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The results suggested that current ICS users had a decreased risk of pleuropulmonary complications, intensive care unit admission, and 30-day mortality compared to non-users. These findings indicate a potential positive effect of ICS use on the prognosis of CAP in COPD patients.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hakjun Hyun, A-Yeung Jang, Jin Woong Suh, In-Gyu Bae, Won Suk Choi, Yu Bin Seo, Jacob Lee, Jin Gu Yoon, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, Min Ja Kim, Joon Young Song
Summary: The serotype distribution of pneumococcus in South Korea is evolving, which hinders vaccine rollout. Despite vaccination efforts, serotypes 3 and 19A remain the most common in pneumococcal pneumonia cases in South Korea.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
David Aguilera-Alonso, Silke Kirchschlager Nieto, Maria Fatima Ara Montojo, Francisco Jose Sanz Santaeufemia, Jesus Saavedra-Lozano, Beatriz Soto, Maria Belen Caminoa, Arantxa Berzosa, Luis Prieto Tato, Emilia Cercenado, Alfredo Tagarro, David Molina Arana, Mercedes Alonso Sanz, Maria Pilar Romero Gomez, Fernando Chaves Sanchez, Fernando Baquero-Artigao
Summary: The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remained stable in hospitalized children with high pneumococcal vaccination coverage, while the prevalence of pneumococcal CAP decreased and Streptococcus pyogenes CAP increased. Patients with S. aureus CAP had a high frequency of severe outcomes but a lower risk of pulmonary complications compared to patients with S. pneumoniae.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ching-Fen Shen, Ju-Ling Chen, Chien-Chou Su, Wen-Liang Lin, Min-Ling Hsieh, Ching-Chun Liu, Ching-Lan Cheng
Summary: The implementation of PCV13 in Taiwan has significantly reduced hospitalizations for P-CAP, especially in children and adults, and has markedly decreased ICU rates and severe pneumonia cases.
Review
Microbiology
Nobuhiro Asai, Hiroshige Mikamo
Summary: Pneumococcal disease is a global burden with high mortality rates. The use of pneumococcal vaccines in children has been effective, but vaccination for at-risk individuals aged 19-64 requires careful consideration due to insufficient evidence.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Nicole Cossrow, Rennie Joshi, Kenneth Klinker, Ulrike K. Buchwald
Summary: This article discusses a study based on a test-negative design, where the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is used to protect adults against pneumococcal infection, and highlights how certain methodological limitations may have affected the study results and conclusions.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jan O. Friedrich, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian
Summary: In a trial evaluating the efficacy of hydrocortisone in treating community-acquired pneumonia, researchers found a nearly 50% lower 28-day mortality rate in the hydrocortisone group compared to the placebo group. They also observed a higher incidence of septic shock in the placebo group. The trial did not allow the use of open-label glucocorticoids, which may have contributed to the higher mortality rate in the placebo group.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rosario Menendez, Antoni Torres, Pedro Pablo Espana, Jose Alberto Fernandez-Villar, Jose Maria Marimon, Raul Mendez, Catia Cilloniz, Mikel Egurrola, Maribel Botana-Rial, Maria Ercibengoa, Cristina Mendez, Isabel Cifuentes, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: This study describes the evolution and distribution of serotypes in adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Spain, showing that serotypes included in the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) are the predominant causes of pneumococcal CAP.
Article
Respiratory System
Yuanyuan Niu, Yanli Xing, Jianfeng Li, Wei Shui, Yuting Gu, Changran Zhang, Hongchun Du
Summary: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of hospitalization for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Clinical and laboratory characteristics at admission can help differentiate AECOPD with or without CAP, with the former associated with lower survival rates. Future research should focus on improving early identification and management of CAP exacerbations in AECOPD patients.
COPD-JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Scott Claxton, Paul Porter, Joanna Brisbane, Natasha Bear, Javan Wood, Vesa Peltonen, Phillip Della, Claire Smith, Udantha Abeyratne
Summary: The study developed a smartphone-based algorithm for rapid and accurate diagnosis of AECOPD, utilizing patient-reported features and cough sound data. The algorithm showed high diagnostic accuracy in primary care settings, aiding in early identification of AECOPD.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Mireia Puig-Asensio, Emilio Jimenez-Martinez, Esther Garcia-Lerma, Ana Hornero, Carmen Gutierrez, Miriam Torrecillas, Cristian Tebe, Miquel Pujol, Jordi Carratala
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mario Fernandez-Ruiz, Marta Bodro, Isabel Gutierrez Martin, Regino Rodriguez-Alvarez, Maria Ruiz-Ruigomez, Nuria Sabe, Teresa Lopez-Vinau, Maricela Valerio, Aitziber Illaro, Jesus Fortun, Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre, Elisa Cordero, Maria del Carmen Farinas, Patricia Munoz, Elisa Vidal, Jordi Carratala, Josune Goikoetxea, Antonio Ramos-Martinez, Asuncion Moreno, Jose Maria Aguado
Summary: Retrospective study shows that isavuconazole is a safe and effective treatment option for invasive mold disease in solid organ transplantation recipients. Clinical response was achieved in over 50% of patients by weeks 6 and 12, and adverse events were relatively low.
Article
Microbiology
Julia Laporte-Amargos, Enric Sastre, Alba Bergas, Helena Pomares, Annalisa Paviglianiti, Marisol Rodriguez-Arias, Natalia Pallares, Ana Maria Badia-Tejero, Paula Pons-Oltra, Jordi Carratala, Carlota Gudiol
Summary: This study aimed to assess the incidence, etiology, and outcomes of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in onco-hematological patients. The results showed that Gram-positive bacteria were the main pathogens causing infection, while the incidence of Gram-negative bacteria increased over time. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were also on the rise. It was also found that the non-removal of the catheter was associated with decreased survival rates.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diego Viasus, Antonella E. F. Simonetti, Lara Nonell, Oscar Vidal, Yolanda Meije, Lucia Ortega, Magdalena Arnal, Marta Bodalo-Torruella, Montserrat Sierra, Alexander Rombauts, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Gemma Blanchart, Carlota Gudiol, Jordi Carratala
Summary: We examined the differences in gene expression profiles in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who died during hospitalization and those who survived. Whole blood samples were obtained for genome-expression-profile analysis within 24 hours of admission. The study found significant differences in gene expression at hospital admission between patients who died and those who survived. These findings could help identify potential intervention targets and biomarkers for risk stratification.
Article
Surgery
Elena Perez-Nadales, Mario Fernandez-Ruiz, Alejandra M. Natera, Belen Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Alessandra Mularoni, Giovanna Russelli, Ligia Camera Pierrotti, Maristela Pinheiro Freire, Marco Falcone, Giusy Tiseo, Mario Tumbarello, Francesca Raffaelli, Edson Abdala, Marta Bodro, Elena Gervasi, Maria Carmen Farinas, Elena M. Seminari, Juan Jose Caston, Juan Antonio Marin-Sanz, Victor Galvez-Soto, Meenakshi M. Rana, Belen Loeches, Pilar Martin-Davila, Alvaro Pascual, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Jose Maria Aguado, Luis Martinez-Martinez, Julian Torre-Cisneros, REIPI INCREMENT-SOT Study Grp
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and the best available therapy (BAT) in treating solid organ transplant recipients with bloodstream infection caused by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results showed that patients treated with CAZ-AVI had higher clinical success rates at 14-day and 30-day and lower 30-day mortality compared to those receiving BAT.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Francisco Lopez-Medrano, Santiago Alfayate, Jordi Carratala, Judith Chamorro-Camazon, Elisa Cordero, Marta Cruz-Canete, Maria Fernandez-Pradai, Manuel Garcia-Cenoz, Maria Angeles Marcos, Santiago Melon, Nemesio Moreno-Millan, Maria Angeles Onieva-Garcian, Raul Ortiz de Lejarazuo, Jaime Jesus Perez-Martin, Juan Rodriguez-Garcia, German Schwarz-Chavarrir, Alfredo Tagarro-Garcia, Diego van Esso-Arbolave, Diego Viasus, Tomas Pumarola
Summary: This consensus document is the result of collaboration among various Spanish scientific societies, aiming to reduce the important consequences of influenza virus infection by facilitating the approach to clinical, microbiological, and preventive aspects of the disease.
ANALES DE PEDIATRIA
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Francisco Lopez-Medrano, Santiago Alfayate, Jordi Carratala, Judith Chamorro-Camazon, Elisa Cordero, Marta Cruz-Canete, Maria Fernandez-Prada, Manuel Garcia-Cenoz, M. Angeles Marcos, Santiago Melon, Nemesio Moreno-Millan, Maria Angeles Onieva-Garcia, Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu, Jaime Jesus Perez-Martin, Juan Rodriguez-Garcia, German Schwarz-Chavarri, Alfredo Tagarro-Garcia, Diego van Esso-Arbolave, Diego Viasus, Tomas Pumarola
Summary: This article is a collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies and covers the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects of influenza virus infection. It aims to reduce the significant impact of influenza virus infection on the population's health.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Judit Aranda, Jose Loureiro-Amigo, Anna Murgadella, Nuria Vazquez, Lucia Feria, Miriam Munoz, Ariadna Padulles, Gabriela Abelenda, Carol Garcia-Vidal, Montse Tuset, Marta Albanell, Lucia Boix-Palop, Nuria Sanmarti-Martinez, Silvia Gomez-Zorrilla, Daniel Echeverria-Esnal, Alicia Rodriguez-Alarcon, Beatriz Borjabad, Ana Coloma, Jordi Carratala, Isabel Oriol
Summary: This study analyzed the prescription trends of COVID-19 treatments for hospitalized patients in Barcelona. The use of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine declined over time and was replaced by remdesivir. Tocilizumab use showed a varying trend, while dexamethasone use increased. Antibiotic use, particularly azithromycin, decreased after the initial months of the pandemic. The findings highlight the importance of adapting treatment strategies based on evolving scientific evidence.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Javier Martinez-Casanova, Erika Esteve-Pitarch, Helena Colom-Codina, Victor Daniel Gumucio-Sanguino, Sara Cobo-Sacristan, Evelyn Shaw, Kristel Maisterra-Santos, Joan Sabater-Riera, Xose L. Perez-Fernandez, Raul Rigo-Bonnin, Fe Tubau-Quintano, Jordi Carratala, Ariadna Padulles-Zamora
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin after continuous infusion administration in critically ill adult patients and determine the optimal dosing regimen. The population pharmacokinetic approach was used to analyze piperacillin concentrations from 106 patients. Creatinine clearance was found to be the most predictive factor of piperacillin clearance. The model developed can be used for initial dose guidance and therapeutic drug monitoring.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander Rombauts, Marta Bodalo Torruella, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Julia Perera-Bel, Anna Ferrer-Salvador, Ariadna Acedo-Terrades, Maria Gabarros-Subira, Isabel Oriol, Carlota Gudiol, Lara Nonell, Jordi Carratala
Summary: The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, from asymptomatic infection to severe respiratory complications. The host response to the virus plays a crucial role in determining the outcomes. This study aimed to understand the differences in gene expression and immune response in COVID-19 patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Blood samples were collected from 60 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and significant differences in gene expression were found between the ARDS and non-ARDS groups, including dysregulated inflammatory response and altered immune regulation.
Article
Virology
Jose Luis Pinana, Inmaculada Heras, Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Irene Garcia-Cadenas, Lourdes Vazquez, Javier Lopez-Jimenez, Pedro Chorao, Cristina Aroca, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Ignacio Arroyo, Eva Soler-Espejo, Lucia Lopez-Corral, Alejandro Avendano-Pita, Anna Arrufat, Valentin Garcia-Gutierrez, Elena Arellano, Lorena Hernandez-Medina, Clara Gonzalez-Santillana, Julia Morell, Jose angel Hernandez-Rivas, Paula Rodriguez-Galvez, Mireia Mico-Cerda, Manuel Guerreiro, Diana Campos, David Navarro, Angel Cedillo, Rodrigo Martino, Carlos Solano
Summary: This study analyzed the outcomes of hematological patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who received treatment with remdesivir or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. The results showed that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was safe and effective for treating mild cases, while remdesivir was preferred for moderate to severe cases with a higher mortality rate. Factors such as male gender, corticosteroid use, and co-infection were associated with worse outcomes in patients treated with remdesivir.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Francisco Javier Candel, Miguel Salavert, Angel Estella, Miquel Ferrer, Ricard Ferrer, Julio Javier Gamazo, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Juan Gonzalez del Castillo, Victor Jose Gonzalez-Ramallo, Federico Gordo, Manuel Miron-Rubio, Javier Perez-Pallares, Cristina Pitart, Jose Luis del Pozo, Paula Ramirez, Pedro Rascado, Soledad Reyes, Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa, Borja Suberviola, Pablo Vidal, Rafael Zaragoza
Summary: Nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia are significant global health problems, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. This scientific manuscript reviews important aspects of the management of these infectious respiratory syndromes, providing updates on etiological perspectives, diagnostic techniques, treatment options, and preventive strategies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mar Ronda, Josep Manuel Llop-Talaveron, MariPaz Fuset, Elisabet Leiva, Evelyn Shaw, Victor Daniel Gumucio-Sanguino, Yolanda Diez, Helena Colom, Raul Rigo-Bonnin, Mireia Puig-Asensio, Jordi Carratala, Ariadna Padulles
Summary: This study compared the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in critically ill patients with and without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The results showed that the ECMO group had lower minimum plasma concentration (C-min) and a higher prevalence of subtherapeutic C-min values. ECMO support and plasma albumin levels were identified as risk factors for low C-min values. Drug optimization is crucial for achieving therapeutic C-min levels in the ECMO group.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diego Viasus, Lara Nonell, Carlos Restrepo, Fabian Figueroa, Carla Donado-Mazarron, Jordi Carratala
Summary: This study summarizes the reported differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in critically ill septic patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and investigates their functional implications. The results highlight the complexity of immune responses during CAP.
Article
Immunology
Tomas O. Jensen, Greg A. Grandits, Mamta K. Jain, Thomas A. Murray, Birgit Grund, Kathryn Shaw-Saliba, Michael A. Matthay, Mahsa Abassi, Magdalena Ardelt, Jason V. Baker, Peter Chen, Robin L. Dewar, Anna L. Goodman, Timothy J. Hatlen, Helene C. Highbarger, Mark Holodniy, Perrine Lallemand, Sylvain Laverdure, Bradley G. Leshnower, David Looney, Charalampos D. Moschopoulos, Henry Mugerwa, Daniel D. Murray, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Stephanie Nagy-Agren, M. Tauseef Rehman, Adam Rupert, Randy A. Stevens, Stuart Turville, Amy Weintrob, Katherine Wick, Jens Lundgren, Emily R. Ko
Summary: This study suggests that neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have an antiviral effect among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, without affecting the endogenous anti-nucleocapsid antibody response, systemic inflammation, or clinical status on day 5.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)