Article
Immunology
Rulan Griesel, Gary Maartens, Maxwell Chirehwa, Simiso Sokhela, Godspower Akpomiemie, Michelle Moorhouse, Francois Venter, Phumla Sinxadi
Summary: The study showed that CYP2B6 genotype is associated with weight gain in people living with HIV starting efavirenz-based ART, with similar weight gain observed between CYP2B6 extensive metabolizers in the efavirenz arm and in the dolutegravir arm.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Domenico Albano, Paulo Moraes Agnollitto, Marcello Petrini, Andrea Biacca, Fabio Massimo Ulivieri, Luca Maria Sconfienza, Carmelo Messina
Summary: DXA is the most common modality for quantitative measurements of bone mineral density, but errors related to this exam are still very common and may impact the final diagnosis and therapy. Operator-related errors, such as wrong patient positioning, error in the acquisition process, or in the scan analysis, can occur during each step of DXA. It is important to recognize and avoid such errors to ensure accurate results.
ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
En Cheng, Bette J. Caan, Peggy M. Cawthon, William J. Evans, Marc K. Hellerstein, Mahalakshmi Shankaran, Kristin L. Campbell, Alexandra M. Binder, Barbara Sternfeld, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Elizabeth M. Cespedes Feliciano
Summary: This study is the first to assess muscle mass in cancer patients using the D3-creatine dilution method. Regardless of the method used for muscle or lean mass assessment, we observed stronger correlations, greater myopenia agreement, and more significant associations with physical function in male colon cancer patients. However, none of the measures of muscle or lean mass were significantly associated with physical function in female colon cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Casper Simonsen, Thomas S. Kristensen, Anna Sundberg, Sabrina Wielsoe, Jan Christensen, Carsten P. Hansen, Stefan K. Burgdorf, Charlotte Suetta, Pieter de Heer, Lars B. Svendsen, Michael P. Achiam, Jesper F. Christensen
Summary: The prevalence of sarcopenia defined using DXA and CT varies substantially, and the agreement between the two modalities is poor.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fiorella Palmas, Andreea Ciudin, Raul Guerra, Daniel Eiroa, Carina Espinet, Nuria Roson, Rosa Burgos, Rafael Simo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a new method that combines CT imaging data with automatic software and artificial intelligence to estimate body composition in patients with obesity. The results show that this new method has high accuracy in estimating body composition in obese patients.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. Kasper, P. Schlegel, I. Ruiz-Ascacibar, P. Stoll, G. Bee
Summary: Studies in animal science show that DXA measurements may not perfectly match dissections or chemical analyses, requiring calibration equations. Predictions related to body composition and single nutrient content in pigs show promising results, with potential for creating generic regression equations that yield reliable estimates. DXA could be a useful tool for high-throughput phenotyping in genetic studies, efficiently measuring body composition in a wide range of animals.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chun-Hsiang Chan, Wen-Chi Huang, Yi-Chien Lu, Hsing-Fen Hsiao, Wing P. Chan
Summary: BatchBMD is a rule-based automated reporting system that accelerates the generation of DXA reports and improves accuracy. Compared to a Web-based reporting system, BatchBMD outperforms in reporting time and accuracy, significantly reducing workload for radiologists and technicians.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Inge A. L. P. van Beijsterveldt, Manouk van der Steen, Kirsten S. de Fluiter, Sander A. M. J. Spaans, Anita C. S. Hokken-Koelega
Summary: Childhood obesity is a global public health threat, and this study provides sex-specific reference values and charts for body composition and bone mineral density in children aged 2-5 years.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hongbo Dong, Yinkun Yan, Junting Liu, Hong Cheng, Xiaoyuan Zhao, Xinying Shan, Guimin Huang, Jie Mi
Summary: This study provided sex-and age-specific body fat reference centiles for Chinese children and adolescents using DXA. Different trends were observed in body fat development and distribution between genders and age groups. The proposed body fat references were lower than the US values but similar to Korean values.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Matthew Allan Thomas, Jorge Ernesto Jimenez, Samuel John Fahrenholtz, Khushnood Hamdani, William Daniel Erwin
Summary: This study examines the unique measurement and quality-control strategies in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and analyzes the dependence of measured entrance-air-kerma (EAK) on dose sensor type and scan length. The feasibility of using EAK to compare scanner output and the congruence between measured and vendor-reported EAK were also established. The results suggest that DXA scanner stability can be quantified using EAK as a quality-control metric with a variety of solid-state and ion chamber (IC) dose sensors. Measured EAK may vary significantly between different scanners, indicating that measured and reported EAK may not always be comparable.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Chumin Zhao, Magdalena Herbst, Thomas Weber, Christoph Luckner, Sebastian Vogt, Ludwig Ritschl, Steffen Kappler, Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen, Wojciech Zbijewski
Summary: The study investigated the feasibility of slot-scan dual-energy bone densitometry on motorized radiographic equipment for fast quantitative measurements of areal bone mineral density. Results showed accurate and reproducible aBMD measurements across different body sizes and positioning with small errors. Empirical evaluations confirmed the reduction in aBMD errors with proposed procedures on robotic x-ray systems.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kazuki Ohashi, Toru Ishikawa, Asami Hoshii, Tamaki Hokari, Hirohito Noguchi, Mitsuyuki Suzuki, Hiroshi Hirosawa, Michitaka Imai, Yuta Mitobe, Toshiaki Yoshida
Summary: Using CT scans to measure total muscle area at the level of the third lumbar vertebra as the cut-off values for Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (SMI), with DXA as the reference method.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Livia Alves Amaral Santos, Talles Bazeia Lima, Xingshun Qi, Sergio Alberto Rupp de Paiva, Fernando Gomes Romeiro
Summary: This study found that in outpatients with cirrhosis, upper limb muscle mass index (ULMMI) is more suitable for predicting mortality rate, making it a more reliable and effective measure compared to appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI).
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
M. Neira Alvarez, M. A. Vazquez Ronda, L. Soler Rangel, I. J. Thuissard-Vasallo, C. Andreu-Vazquez, P. Martinez Martin, I Rabago Lorite, G. Serralta San Martin
Summary: This study found that the thickness of the gastrocnemius medialis measured by ultrasound is reliable and correlates well with DXA and CC values, as well as muscle performance. In older participants, the thickness of the gastrocnemius medialis is significantly correlated with appendicular lean mass, CC, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery, and grip strength.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Leona S. Alizadeh, Thomas J. Vogl, Stephan S. Waldeck, Daniel Overhoff, Tommaso D'Angelo, Simon S. Martin, Ibrahim Yel, Leon D. Gruenewald, Vitali Koch, Florian Fulisch, Christian Booz
Summary: This article discusses the technical principles and clinical applications of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in cardiothoracic imaging, with a focus on current developments and techniques. Different vendors have developed distinct hardware and software approaches for generating multi-energy datasets and various DECT applications, which have been clinically investigated in different fields. Recent literature reports have highlighted the benefits of DECT in oncology, trauma and emergency radiology, musculoskeletal imaging, and cardiovascular imaging. State-of-the-art applications such as virtual monoenergetic imaging, material decomposition, perfused blood volume imaging, and virtual non-contrast imaging have the potential to significantly improve cardiothoracic CT image workflows and enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.
Article
Immunology
Pedro Cahn, Juan Sierra Madero, Jose R. Arribas, Andrea Antinori, Roberto Ortiz, Amanda E. Clarke, Chien-Ching Hung, Juergen K. Rockstroh, Pierre-Marie Girard, Jorg Sievers, Choy Y. Man, Rimgaile Urbaityte, Daisy J. Brandon, Mark Underwood, Keith A. Pappa, Lloyd Curtis, Kimberly Y. Smith, Martin Gartland, Michael Aboud, Jean van Wyk, Brian Wynne
Summary: The study assessed the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir lamivudine compared to dolutegravir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in treatment-naive adults with HIV-1. The results showed that dolutegravir lamivudine was noninferior to dolutegravir with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in terms of virologic response. The dolutegravir lamivudine group had a lower rate of adverse events and less impact on renal and bone biomarkers. These findings support the use of dolutegravir lamivudine as a first-line treatment for HIV-1.
Letter
Immunology
Rosa de Miguel Buckley, Marta Diaz-Menendez, Julio Garcia-Rodriguez, Jose Ramon Arribas
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Andres Esteban-Cantos, Rocio Montejano, Javier Rodriguez-Centeno, Gabriel Saiz-Medrano, Rosa De Miguel, Pilar Barruz, Jose Bernardino, Beatriz Mena-Garay, Julen Cadinanos, Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez, Julian Nevado, Eulalia Valencia, Mario Mayoral-Munoz, Jose R. Arribas, Berta Rodes
Summary: The study found that epigenetic aging did not continue to accelerate in long-term aviremic HIV-infected adults after 4 years of successful ART. Changes in EAA measures were independent of CD4 cell counts, ART regimen, or other HIV-related factors. Some participants experienced serious clinical events during the study, with a trend towards higher levels of EAA measures at baseline being associated with these events after adjusting for confounders.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Jose Ramon Arribas, Juan Berenguer, Jordi Carratala, Inmaculada Jarrin, Pablo Ryan, Marta De Miguel-Montero, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, Jeronimo Pachon
Summary: In this multicenter cohort of admitted COVID-19 patients, receiving early interferon-beta therapy after hospital admission did not show an association with lower mortality. Whether interferon-beta might be useful in the earlier stages of the disease or specific subgroups of patients requires further research.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Alpha Diallo, Marius Troseid, Victoria Charlotte Simensen, Anais Boston, Jacques Demotes, Inge Christoffer Olsen, Florence Chung, Jose Artur Paiva, Maya Hites, Florence Ader, Jose Ramon Arribas, Andreas Baratt-Due, Oyvind Melien, Evelina Tacconelli, Therese Staub, Richard Greil, Sotirios Tsiodras, Matthias Briel, Helene Esperou, France Mentre, Joe Eustace, Juliette Saillard, Christelle Delmas, Soizic LeMestre, Marina Dumousseaux, Dominique Costagliola, John-Arne Rottingen, Yazdan Yazdanpanah
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chiara Fanciulli, Juan Berenguer, Carmen Busca, Maria J. Vivancos, Maria J. Tellez, Lourdes Dominguez, Pere Domingo, Jordi Navarro, Jesus Santos, Jose A. Iribarren, Luis Morano, Arturo Artero, Javier Moreno, Antonio Rivero-Roman, Ignacio Santos, Livia Giner, Carlos Arminanzas, Marta Montero, Christian Manzardo, Carmen Cifuentes, Coral Garcia, Maria J. Galindo, Oscar L. Ferrero, Jose Sanz, Belen de la Fuente, Carmen Rodriguez, Gabriel Gaspar, Laura Perez, Juan E. Losa, Luis Force, Sergio Veloso, Elisa Martinez-Alfaro, Inmaculada Jarrin, Marta De Miguel, Juan Gonzalez Garcia
Summary: We assessed the prevalence of active HCV infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. The prevalence of active HCV infection in PLWH was 2.2% in 2019, which was 90% lower than in 2015.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Javier Rodriguez-Centeno, Andres Esteban-Cantos, Rocio Montejano, Natalia Stella-Ascariz, Rosa De Miguel, Beatriz Mena-Garay, Gabriel Saiz-Medrano, Belen Alejos, Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez, Jose Bernardino, Julen Cadinanos, Juan M. Castro-Alvarez, Berta Rodes, Jose R. Arribas
Summary: This study found that in long-term aviraemic HIV adults, tenofovir can cause telomere shortening in CD8+ T cells by inhibiting telomerase activity, but does not cause telomere shortening in CD4+ T cells. Tenofovir treatment may also lead to a decrease in the proportion of RTE CD4+ cells and a decrease in PD1 marker expression.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Berta Rodes, Julen Cadinanos, Andres Esteban-Cantos, Javier Rodriguez-Centeno, Jose Ramon Arribas
Summary: Antiretroviral treatment has revolutionized the prognosis for people living with HIV, but as they age, they still face the risk of age-related diseases. Therefore, finding biomarkers for early prediction of unhealthy aging is of great importance for HIV clinical management.
Article
Immunology
Tomas M. Grosso, Jose Alcami, Jose R. Arribas, Marta Martin, Irini Sereti, Philip Tarr, Pedro Cahn, Bonaventura Clotet, Omar Sued, Eugenia Negredo
Summary: Aging is a significant research topic as the average age of the population increases. Factors such as epigenetic alterations, telomere shortening or dysfunction, mitogenic stress, oxidative stress, or accumulation of DNA damage can drive cell senescence and promote tissue inflammation. Individuals living with HIV are more susceptible to accelerated aging, and inflammation biomarkers can be helpful for prognosis and treatment strategies.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rosa Polo, Xabier Garcia-Albeniz, Carolina Teran, Miguel Morales, David Rial-Crestelo, M. Angeles Garcinuno, Miguel Garcia del Toro, Cesar Hita, Juan Luis Gomez-Sirvent, Luis Buzon, Alberto Diaz de Santiago, Jose Perez Arellano, Jesus Sanz, Pablo Bachiller, Elisa Martinez Alfaro, Vicente Diaz-Brito, Mar Masia, Alicia Hernandez-Torres, Jose M. Guerra, Jesus Santos, Piedad Arazo, Leopoldo Munoz, Jose Ramon Arribas, Pablo Martinez de Salazar, Santiago Moreno, Miguel A. Hernan, Julia Del Amo
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19. The results suggest that the use of TDF/FTC and HCQ may have both benefits and risks in preventing COVID-19.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
M. Diaz-Menendez, F. de la Calle-Prieto, R. Montejano, M. Arsuaga, M. Jimenez-Gonzalez, V Perez-Blanco, C. Marcelo, J. Vasquez-Manau, F. Lazaro, J. R. Arribas
Summary: The study described the clinical characteristics and outcome of 160 patients over 65 years old who were hospitalized with COVID-19 after receiving full vaccination. The results showed that COVID-19 vaccines continue to protect elderly patients against hospitalization and death, and may improve the prognosis of hospitalized patients with breakthrough infections. However, the mortality rate in this population, especially in those older than 80 years, remains very high.
Article
Immunology
C. Busca, M. Sanchez-Conde, M. Rico, M. Rosas, E. Valencia, A. Moreno, V Moreno, L. Martin-Carbonero, S. Moreno, I Perez-Valero, J. Bernardino, J. R. Arribas, J. Gonzalez, A. Olveira, P. Castillo, M. Abadia, L. Guerra, C. Mendez, M. L. Montes
Summary: Ultrasound and controlled attenuation parameter perform best in diagnosing liver steatosis in persons with HIV, while fatty liver index, TyG, and hepatic steatosis index also show good performance. It is recommended to use TyG or FLI as the first test and ultrasound or CAP as the second test to accurately diagnose or exclude NAFLD.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Corinne Herrijgers, Tom Platteau, Heidi Vandebosch, Karolien Poels, Eric Florence
Summary: This study developed a mobile health intervention tool named Budd using the intervention mapping protocol to support and inform MSM engaging in chemsex, reducing negative impacts, and promoting more reasoned participation.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kai-Hsiang Chen, Wang-Da Liu, Hsin-Yun Sun, Kuan-Yin Lin, Szu-Min Hsieh, Wang-Huei Sheng, Yu-Chung Chuang, Yu-Shan Huang, Aristine Cheng, Chien-Ching Hung
Summary: Limited studies have been conducted on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people living with HIV (PLWH) who present with interstitial pneumonitis (IP), particularly in the era of rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation with integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-containing regimens. A retrospective study identified PLWH who were diagnosed with IP and initiated ART within 30 days. The study found a high rate of IRIS and associations with baseline immune depletion, rapid decline of plasma HIV RNA load, and rapid initiation of ART.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kuan-Yin Lin, Hsin-Yun Sun, Yu-Shan Huang, Wang-Da Liu, Szu-Min Hsieh, Sung-Hsi Huang, Guan-Jhou Chen, Chien-Ching Hung
Summary: Serologic responses to hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination may wane among immunocompromised populations. This study evaluated the long-term seroresponses of people living with HIV (PLWH) to 2-dose HAV vaccination. The results showed that PLWH had high rates of persistent seroprotection at month 60, with higher peak antibody levels and slower decline compared to those with seroreversion. Body-mass index, CD4 count, plasma HIV RNA levels, and the type of HAV vaccine received were identified as factors affecting seroreversion at month 60.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)