Article
Immunology
Diederik L. H. Koelman, Merel N. van Kassel, Merijn W. Bijlsma, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Diederik van de Beek, Arie van der Ende
Summary: The epidemiology of acute bacterial meningitis has significantly changed in the Netherlands since the introduction of conjugate vaccines, with a substantial decrease in overall incidence. Conjugate vaccines effectively reduced the burden of bacterial meningitis, especially in children, with a focus needed on neonates and elderly populations to further prevent the disease.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
D. R. Snydman, L. A. Mcdermott, C. M. Thorpe, E. J. C. Goldstein, A. N. Schuetz, S. Johnson, D. N. Gerding, L. Gluck, D. Bourdas, K. C. Carroll, C. K. Lancaster, K. W. Garey, Q. Wang, S. T. Walk, E. Duperchy, Jared A. Silverman
Summary: This study investigated the susceptibility of C. difficile isolates collected from six geographically dispersed medical centers in the United States between 2020 and 2021. The results showed that ridinilazole displayed excellent in vitro activity against all ribotypes of C. difficile, and remained active against strains resistant to other tested agents.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Farhan Anwar, Marielle Clark, Jason Lindsey, Rachel Claus-Walker, Asad Mansoor, Evy Nguyen, Justin Billy, William Lainhart, Kareem Shehab, V. K. Viswanathan, Gayatri Vedantam
Summary: This study highlights the dominance of Toxin EIA-negative CDI specimens in a clinical setting and the high frequency of known virulent ribotypes in these specimens. Therefore, a careful reevaluation of the clinical relevance of diagnostically-discrepant specimens particularly in the context of missed CDI diagnoses and C. difficile persistence, is warranted.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Su-Chen Lim, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Korakrit Imwattana, Papanin Putsathit, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
Summary: This study found a close relationship between environmental Clostridium difficile isolates and those from humans, possibly indicating an environmental transmission route. Toxigenic strains isolated from water sources were mainly of the 014/020 ribotype, with susceptibility to most antibiotics. High-resolution core-genome analysis revealed recent genetic relationships between human and water isolates.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Adriana Plankaova, Marie Brajerova, Vaclav Capek, Gabriela Balikova Novotna, Pete Kinross, Jana Skalova, Anna Soltesova, Pavel Drevinek, Marcela Krutova
Summary: This study investigated the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Slovakian hospitals after the emergence of ribotype 176 (027-like) in 2016. The results showed that the newly-predominant RT176 and endemic RT001 are driving the epidemiology of CDI in Slovakia. The use of fluoroquinolones and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics contributes to the spread of these epidemic lineages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Abdrabou, Zia Ul Habib Bajwa, Alexander Halfmann, Alexander Mellmann, Anna Nimmesgern, Lena Margardt, Markus Bischoff, Lutz von Mueller, Barbara Gaertner, Fabian K. Berger
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea in developed nations like Germany, with certain genotypes such as RT027 driving resistance to antibiotics like rifampicin and metronidazole.Continuous surveillance efforts are crucial in monitoring and addressing resistance patterns observed in these strains.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Cecilia Magnusson, Sara Mernelius, Malin Bengner, Torbjorn Noren, Lena Serrander, Sophie Forshell, Andreas Matussek
Summary: This study describes a large nosocomial outbreak of Clostridioides difficile infections dominated by ribotype 046 in a Swedish hospital. The study found that ribotype 046 was effectively spread throughout the hospital and was associated with higher mortality compared to other strains. Various interventions were successfully implemented to control the outbreak.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Caixia Tan, Fei Zhu, Yuanyuan Xiao, Yuqi Wu, Xiujuan Meng, Sidi Liu, Ting Liu, Siyao Chen, Juan Zhou, Chunhui Li, Anhua Wu
Summary: In this study, a multi-epitope vaccine against Clostridium difficile was designed using computer methods. The vaccine was able to induce immune response against both spore and propagule forms of the pathogen. The structure of the vaccine was predicted and validated, and its interaction with immune receptors was analyzed through docking and simulation. The findings suggest that the formulated vaccine shows promise against C. difficile, but further research is needed for verification.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tessel M. van Rossen, Joffrey van Prehn, Alex Koek, Marcel Jonges, Robin van Houdt, Rosa van Mansfeld, Ed J. Kuijper, Christina M. J. E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, Andries E. Budding
Summary: This study developed a rapid test for simultaneous detection and ribotyping of C. difficile directly on fecal samples, with results showing high sensitivity and specificity.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yukitaka Ito, Koichi Tanimoto, Naoko Chiba, Masanobu Otsuka, Masato Ota, Mieko Yoshida, Yusuke Hashimoto, Takahiro Nomura, Haruyoshi Tomita
Summary: This study conducted molecular epidemiological analyses of Clostridioides difficile isolates in a university hospital in Japan to determine the risk of C. difficile infection. The results revealed the presence of major clonal strains, ST8 and ST17, in the hospital environment, which were associated with healthcare-associated C. difficile infections. Transcription of C. difficile toxin genes was observed in isolates from both infected and non-infected patients, but it was not significantly related to the development of C. difficile infection.
Article
Immunology
Helena M. B. Seth-Smith, Michael Biggel, Tim Roloff, Vladimira Hinic, Thomas Bodmer, Martin Risch, Carlo Casanova, Andreas Widmer, Rami Sommerstein, Jonas Marschall, Sarah Tschudin-Sutter, Adrian Egli
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection can lead to nosocomial outbreaks, with WGS offering higher resolution epidemiological data compared to traditional PCR-ribotyping, although limitations exist in predicting ribotypes for certain strains.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Swapnil Mishra, Soren Mindermann, Mrinank Sharma, Charles Whittaker, Thomas A. Mellan, Thomas Wilton, Dimitra Klapsa, Ryan Mate, Martin Fritzsche, Maria Zambon, Janvi Ahuja, Adam Howes, Xenia Miscouridou, Guy P. Nason, Oliver Ratmann, Elizaveta Semenova, Gavin Leech, Julia Fabienne Sandkuehler, Charlie Rogers-Smith, Michaela Vollmer, H. Juliette T. Unwin, Yarin Gal, Meera Chand, Axel Gandy, Javier Martin, Erik Volz, Neil M. Ferguson, Samir Bhatt, Jan M. Brauner, Seth Flaxman
Summary: Since late March 2021, the percentage of non-B.1.1.7 variants has been increasing in London and other English regions, driven by a variety of lineages with immune escape. From mid-April, B.1.617.2 (WHO label Delta) spread rapidly, becoming the dominant variant in England by late May. The competition between variants and the rise of non-B.1.1.7 variants underscore the importance of diverse data sources in community surveillance for early detection of new variants.
Article
Immunology
Malin Inghammar, Henrik Svanstrom, Marianne Voldstedlund, Mads Melbye, Anders Hviid, Kare Molbak, Bjorn Pasternak
Summary: In a nationwide study among adults in Denmark, it was found that the use of PPIs is associated with a moderately increased risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. The elevated risk remained up to 1 year after the end of PPI treatment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Karla Cautivo-Reyes, Daniel R. Knight, Deborah Bowie, Benjamin Moreira-Grez, Andrew S. Whiteley, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: The high prevalence and diversity of Clostridium difficile in Australian soils suggest that soils play a role in the survival and dissemination of this organism, potentially contributing to its transmission among native wildlife, production animals, and in community and hospital settings.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jessica M. Chisholm, Papanin Putsathit, Thomas V. Riley, Su-Chen Lim
Summary: This study reveals the common presence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Western Australia, which are being released into the environment and becoming a potential source/reservoir for community-associated C. difficile infection (CA-CDI).
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
R. Freeman, D. Ironmonger, R. Puleston, K. L. Hopkins, W. Welfare, R. Hope, P. Staves, M. Shemko, S. Hopkins, P. Cleary, B. Patel, B. Muller-Pebody, X. Li, A. Alvarez-Buylla, P. M. Hawkey, A. P. Johnson, N. Woodford, I. Oliver
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2016)
Article
Infectious Diseases
R. Hope, S. Mushtaq, D. James, T. Pllana, M. Warner, D. M. Livermore
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2010)
Article
Microbiology
Warren N. Fawley, Mark H. Wilcox
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2011)
Article
Infectious Diseases
A. K. Amin, R. J. Manuel, C. A. Ison, R. Woodham, M. Shemko, H. Maguire, I. Giraudon, J. Forde, S. H. Gillespie
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2009)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
R. de Nobrega, R. J. Manuel, A. K. Amin, M. Shemko, J. Paul, C. A. Ison
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2014)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
I. Skippen, M. Shemko, J. Turton, M. E. Kaufmann, C. Palmer, N. Shetty
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2006)
Article
Infectious Diseases
M Shemko, M Yates, Z Fang, A Gibson, N Shetty
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2004)
Article
Pathology
N Shetty, M Shemko, J Holton, GM Scott
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2000)