Review
Infectious Diseases
Sang -Ho Choi, Antoni Cesar, Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow, Naveed Saleem, Nishkantha Arulkumaran, Mervyn Singer
Summary: For hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), respiratory fluoroquinolone monotherapy or β-lactam plus macrolide combination therapy are suggested as first-line options according to guidelines. However, the efficacy of these regimens has not been adequately evaluated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ying Li, Demei Zhu, Yiqiang Peng, Zhaohui Tong, Zhuang Ma, Jinfu Xu, Shenghua Sung, Huaping Tang, Qingyu Xiu, Yongjie Liang, Xiongbiao Wang, Xiaoju Lv, Yuanrong Dai, Yingqun Zhu, Yuejin Qu, Kaifeng Xu, Yijiang Huang, Shiman Wu, Guoxiang Lai, Xi Li, Xiaowen Han, Zegang Yang, Jifang Sheng, Zhuola Liu, Hui Li, Yiqiang Chen, Huili Zhu, Yingyuan Zhang
Summary: The study showed that oral sitafloxacin tablets are non-inferior to oral moxifloxacin tablets in terms of clinical efficacy for treating adult patients with CAP. Additionally, sitafloxacin has a safety profile comparable to moxifloxacin.
CURRENT MEDICAL RESEARCH AND OPINION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Majid Ghafoori, Hassan Saadati, Mohammadreza Taghavi, Amir Azimian, Peiman Alesheikh, Mina Sadat Mohajerzadeh, Morteza Behnamfar, Marzieh Pakzad, Maryam Rameshrad
Summary: According to this study, adding atorvastatin to standard therapy increased the duration of hospitalization and had negative effects on symptom improvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Xinxian Guan, Shasha Gao, He Zhao, Huiting Zhou, Yan Yang, Shenglin Yu, Jian Wang
Summary: This study investigates the clinical characteristics of community-acquired viral pneumonia in hospitalized term and preterm infants. It found that bacterial coinfection can worsen the disease and preterm infants are more susceptible to such coinfection.
Article
Immunology
Leigh M. Howard, Kathryn M. Edwards, Yuwei Zhu, Derek J. Williams, Wesley H. Self, Seema Jain, Krow Ampofo, Andrew T. Pavia, Sandra R. Arnold, Jonathan A. McCullers, Evan J. Anderson, Richard G. Wunderink, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: The study found that PIV was more commonly detected in children, but often co-detected with other pathogens. Clinical features of PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3 infections were similar in children and adult pneumonia patients. In children, PIV pneumonia was less severe than bacterial pneumonia.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Antoni Torres, Lynne Garrity-Ryan, Courtney Kirsch, Judith N. Steenbergen, Paul B. Eckburg, Anita F. Das, Marla Curran, Amy Manley, Evan Tzanis, Paul C. McGovern
Summary: In patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), omadacycline was found to be non-inferior to moxifloxacin in post-treatment evaluation, with high clinical success rates across different pathogens and patient subgroups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cristina Avendano-Sola, Antonio Ramos-Martinez, Elena Munez-Rubio, Belen Ruiz-Antoran, Rosa Malo de Molina, Ferran Torres, Ana Fernandez-Cruz, Jorge Calderon-Parra, Concepcion Payares-Herrera, Alberto Diaz de Santiago, Irene Romera-Martinez, Ilduara Pintos, Jaime Lora-Tamayo, Mikel Mancheno-Losa, Maria L. Paciello, A. L. Martinez-Gonzalez, Julia Vidan-Estevez, Maria J. Nunez-Orantos, Maria Isabel Saez-Serrano, Maria L. Porras-Leal, Maria C. Jarilla-Fernandez, Paula Villares, Jaime Perez de Oteyza, Ascension Ramos-Garrido, Lydia Blanco, Maria E. Madrigal-Sanchez, Martin Rubio-Batlles, Ana Velasco-Iglesias, Jose R. Pano-Pardo, J. A. Moreno-Chulilla, Eduardo Muniz-Diaz, Inmaculada Casas-Flecha, Mayte Perez-Olmeda, Javier Garcia-Perez, Jose Alcami, Jose L. Bueno, Rafael F. Duarte
Summary: The study conducted in Spain involving 27 hospitals showed that convalescent plasma (CP) can significantly reduce the risk of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO treatment, or death within 28 days for COVID-19 patients. However, the difference was not significant at 14 days and there was no significant improvement in overall survival.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Luis A. Ruiz, Leyre Serrano, Silvia Perez, Sonia Castro, Amaia Urrutia, Ane Uranga, Amaia Artaraz, Ainhoa Gomez, Pedro P. Espana, Rafael Zalacain
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of using a predefined cutoff value for lymphopenia as an early predictor of in-hospital mortality and other outcomes in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. The study found that lymphopenia could be used as a reproducible predictor of complicated clinical course in these patients.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Thomas P. Lodise, Rohit Mistry, Kate Young, Kenneth LaPensee
Summary: The study demonstrated the non-inferiority of omadacycline compared to moxifloxacin in CABP patients, with potential economic advantages in reducing CDI risk.
CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Moe Uddin, Turab Mohammed, Mark Metersky, Antonio Anzueto, Carlos A. Alvarez, Eric M. Mortensen
Summary: This study aimed to examine the association between beta-lactam plus doxycycline and mortality for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. The study found that the use of doxycycline as part of guideline-concordant antibiotic therapy was associated with lower 30- and 90-day mortality than regimens without doxycycline.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jan O. Friedrich, Elisa Gouvea Bogossian
Summary: In a trial evaluating the efficacy of hydrocortisone in treating community-acquired pneumonia, researchers found a nearly 50% lower 28-day mortality rate in the hydrocortisone group compared to the placebo group. They also observed a higher incidence of septic shock in the placebo group. The trial did not allow the use of open-label glucocorticoids, which may have contributed to the higher mortality rate in the placebo group.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Judith Marin-Corral, Sergi Pascual-Guardia, Francesco Amati, Stefano Aliberti, Joan R. Masclans, Nilam Soni, Alejandro Rodriguez, Oriol Sibila, Francisco Sanz, Giovanni Sotgiu, Antonio Anzueto, Katerina Dimakou, Roberta Petrino, Ewoudt van de Garde, Marcos I. Restrepo
Summary: This study analyzed aspiration risk factors, microbiology patterns, and empiric anti-anaerobic use in patients hospitalized with CAP. Results showed that patients with ACAP or CAP/AspRF+ had similar anaerobic flora compared with those without aspiration risk factors, and Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent in severe ACAP patients. Despite similar microbiological flora between groups, a large proportion of CAP patients received anti-anaerobic antibiotic coverage.
Article
Immunology
Abhishek Deshpande, Michael Klompas, Ning Guo, Peter B. Imrey, Andrea M. Pallotta, Thomas Higgins, Sarah Haessler, Marya D. Zilberberg, Peter K. Lindenauer, Michael B. Rothberg
Summary: Less than 6% of eligible inpatients with pneumonia were switched early, with no worse outcomes observed. Early switching was associated with fewer days on antibiotics. Hospitals should encourage evidence-based recommendations to switch therapy in stable patients.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Nathaniel J. Rhodes, Caroline C. Jozefczyk, W. Justin Moore, Paul R. Yarnold, Karolina Harkabuz, Robert Maxwell, Sarah H. Sutton, Christina Silkaitis, Chao Qi, Richard G. Wunderink, Teresa R. Zembower
Summary: This study developed and tested clinical decision rules for identifying Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) risk in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Findings showed that antibiotic use increased the risk of CDI in this patient population, highlighting the importance of antibiotic stewardship.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
M. I. Costa, A. Cipriano, F. V. Santos, S. R. Valdoleiros, I. Furtado, A. Machado, M. Abreu, H. N. Bastos
Summary: This study identified the etiology of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram-negative bacilli, and Legionella pneumophila being common pathogens. Combining blood and sputum cultures with urinary antigen tests significantly improved diagnostic performance. Patient demographics and clinical features such as age, smoking status, and pre-existing respiratory diseases were found to influence the likelihood of specific CAP causative agents.
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Catia Cilloniz, Antoni Torres
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Catia Cilloniz, Anna Motos, Tatiana Castaneda, Albert Gabarrus, Ferran Barbe, Antoni Torres
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema, Amna Siddiqui, Sidhant Ochani, Alishba Adnan, Mahnoor Sukaina, Ramsha Haider, Abia Shahid, Mohammad Ebad Ur Rehman, Rehmat Ullah Awan, Harpreet Singh, Natalie Duric, Brigitta Fazzini, Antoni Torres, Tamas Szakmany
Summary: A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of awake prone positioning (APP) in non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and to identify the subpopulations that may benefit the most from it. The results showed that APP reduced the risk of intubation in the overall population, especially in patients requiring higher levels of respiratory support in an ICU setting, but did not decrease the overall mortality risk.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Antoni Torres, Blin Nagavci, Stefano Aliberti, Massimo Antonelli, Matteo Bassetti, Lieuwe Bos, James Chalmers, Lennie Derde, Jan de Waele, Jose Garnacho-Montero, Marin Kollef, Carlos Luna, Rosario Menendez, Michael Niederman, Dimitry Ponomarev, Marcos Restrepo, David Rigau, Marcus Schultz, Emmanuele Weiss, Tobias Welte, Richard Wunderink
Summary: The ERS, ESICM, ESCMID and ALAT have developed the first international guidelines for severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP). These guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, empirical treatment and antibiotic therapy for sCAP.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Eimear Kelly, Melanie Greenland, Philip C. S. de Whalley, Parvinder K. Aley, Emma L. Plested, Nisha Singh, Stanislava Koleva, Sharon Tonner, Grace C. Macaulay, Robert C. Read, Mary Ramsay, J. Claire Cameron, David P. J. Turner, Paul T. Heath, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Philip Connor, Katrina Cathie, Saul N. Faust, Indraneel Banerjee, Liberty Cantrell, Yama F. Mujadidi, Hanane Trari Belhadef, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Rachel Anslow, Zara Valliji, Tim James, Bassam Hallis, Ashley David Otter, Teresa Lambe, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Angela M. Minassian, Xinxue Liu, M. D. Snape
Summary: This study investigates the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of heterologous or fractional second dose COVID-19 vaccine regimens in adolescents. The findings suggest that heterologous and fractional dose COVID-19 vaccine schedules in adolescents are safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Robert H. Shaw, Melanie Greenland, Arabella S. V. Stuart, Parvinder K. Aley, Nick J. Andrews, J. Claire Cameron, Sue Charlton, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Andrea M. Collins, Tom Darton, Tanya Dinesh, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Saul N. Faust, Daniela M. Ferreira, Adam Finn, Anna L. Goodman, Christopher A. Green, Bassam Hallis, Paul T. Heath, Helen Hill, Teresa Lambe, Vincenzo Libri, Patrick J. Lillie, Ella Morey, Yama F. Mujadidi, Ruth Payne, Emma L. Plested, Samuel Provstgaard-Morys, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Mary Ramsay, Robert C. Read, Hannah Robinson, Gavin R. Screaton, Nisha Singh, David P. J. Turner, Paul J. Turner, Rachel White, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Xinxue Liu, Matthew D. Snape
Summary: This report aims to understand the persistence of immune response to different COVID-19 vaccine platforms used in homologous and heterologous priming combinations, which will inform future vaccine development.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ewa Wiesik-Szewczyk, Marcin Zietkiewicz, Anna Radziwilska-Muc, Karina Jahnz-Rozyk
Summary: Due to increased popularity and demand for immunoglobulins (IgG), obtaining supplies and rationalizing IgG use have become challenging. In Poland, total IgG use and number of patients reported to the National Health Fund were analyzed from January 2016 to December 2020. IgG consumption significantly increased in Poland, primarily driven by primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Subcutaneous IgG administration is the most common mode of IgRT in PID patients, and an increase in SCIG administration may be expected for other indications.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Anastasia A. Theodosiou, Christine E. Jones, Robert C. Read, Debby Bogaert
Summary: The use of antibiotics can disrupt the microbiome and lead to adverse health outcomes. This review analyzes recent publications that investigate the associations between antibiotic use, microbiome disruption, and ill-health. It highlights the need for further causal evidence and proposes the term "microbiotoxicity" to describe the unintended harms of antibiotics on the microbiome.
CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Antoni Torres, Michele Wible, Margaret Tawadrous, Paurus Irani, Gregory G. Stone, Alvaro Quintana, Dmitri Debabov, Margaret Burroughs, Patricia A. Bradford, Marin Kollef
Summary: This post hoc analysis provides evidence of the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam in patients with infections caused by beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative pathogens.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
James H. J. Bevan, Anastasia A. Theodosiou, James Corner, Robert B. Dorey, Robert C. Read, Christine E. Jones
Summary: This study investigated the motivations, concerns, and experiences of healthy pregnant women participating in human challenge research. The results showed that participants were primarily motivated by altruism and perceived the research intervention as natural. Therefore, the involvement of healthy pregnant women in human challenge research is acceptable and feasible.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Piero Ruscitti, Jurgen Sota, Antonio Vitale, Giuseppe Lopalco, Florenzo Iannone, Maria Morrone, Henrique Ayres Mayrink Giardini, Marilia Ambuel D'Agostin, Isabelle Parente de Brito Antonelli, Ibrahim Almaghlouth, Kazi Nur Asfina, Najma Khalil, Petros P. Sfikakis, Katerina Laskari, Maria Tektonidou, Francesco Ciccia, Daniela Iacono, Flavia Riccio, Gaafar Ragab, Mohamed A. Hussein, Marcello Govoni, Francesca Ruffilli, Haner Direskeneli, Fatma Alibaz-Oner, Roberto Giacomelli, Luca Navarini, Elena Bartoloni, Ilenia Riccucci, Eduardo Martin-Nares, Jiram Torres-Ruiz, Paola Cipriani, Ilenia Di Cola, Jose Hernandez-Rodriguez, Veronica Gomez-Caverzaschi, Lorenzo Dagna, Alessandro Tomelleri, Joanna Makowska, Olga Brzezinska, Annamaria Iagnocco, Elisa Bellis, Valeria Caggiano, Carla Gaggiano, Maria Tarsia, Ilaria Mormile, Giacomo Emmi, Paolo Sfriso, Sara Monti, Suekran Erten, Emanuela Del Giudice, Riccardo Lubrano, Giovanni Conti, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, Alberto Lo Gullo, Samar Tharwat, Anastasios Karamanakos, Antonio Gidaro, Maria Cristina Maggio, Francesco La Torre, Fabio Cardinale, Benson Ogunjimi, Armin Maier, Gian Domenico Sebastiani, Daniela Opris-Belinski, Micol Frassi, Ombretta Viapiana, Emanuele Bizzi, Francesco Carubbi, Lampros Fotis, Abdurrahman Tufan, Riza Can Kardas, Ewa Wiesik-Szewczyk, Karina Jahnz-Rozyk, Claudia Fabiani, Bruno Frediani, Alberto Balistreri, Donato Rigante, Luca Cantarini
Summary: This study describes the clinical characteristics of patients with Still's disease treated with methotrexate (MTX) and evaluates the effectiveness of the drug in reducing disease activity, decreasing inflammatory markers, and sparing glucocorticoids.
SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elzbieta Rutkowska, Iwona Kwiecien, Ewa Pietruszka-Waleka, Ewa Wiesik-Szewczyk, Piotr Rzepecki, Karina Jahnz-Rozyk
Summary: The study analyzed leukocyte subpopulations in COVID-19 patients at different time points and observed significant differences between severe and non-severe patients. The findings are valuable for the initial evaluation of the immune status of COVID-19 patients.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Annieck M. Diks, Hans de Graaf, Cristina Teodosio, Rick J. Groenland, Bas de Mooij, Muktar Ibrahim, Alison R. Hill, Robert C. Read, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Magdalena A. Berkowska
Summary: This study used high-dimensional flow cytometry to monitor the cellular responses to Bordetella pertussis challenge in the blood of 15 healthy donors. The results showed that individuals protected against colonization exhibited different early cellular responses compared to colonized individuals. These early cellular immune responses can be further characterized and potentially linked to an efficient mucosal immune response, ultimately evaluating the protective efficacy of new B. pertussis vaccine candidates.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rosario Menendez, Antoni Torres, Pedro Pablo Espana, Jose Alberto Fernandez-Villar, Jose Maria Marimon, Raul Mendez, Catia Cilloniz, Mikel Egurrola, Maribel Botana-Rial, Maria Ercibengoa, Cristina Mendez, Isabel Cifuentes, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: This study describes the evolution and distribution of serotypes in adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Spain, showing that serotypes included in the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) are the predominant causes of pneumococcal CAP.
Review
Allergy
Magdalena Zemelka-Wiacek, Ioana Agache, Cezmi A. Akdis, Muebeccel Akdis, Thomas B. Casale, Stephanie Dramburg, Karina Jahnz-Rozyk, Anna Kosowska, Paolo M. Matricardi, Oliver Pfaar, Mohamed H. Shamji, Marek Jutel
Summary: The importance of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) lies in its ability to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life while reducing long-term costs. AIT induces allergen tolerance through various mechanisms, including changes in immune responses, suppression of allergen-specific IgE, and modulation of cell activation. Recent advancements in biomarkers, molecular diagnostics, and mobile health applications have the potential to enhance AIT efficacy and compliance. Additionally, artificial intelligence can aid in data interpretation and prediction of patient responses. Novel AIT preparations and advancements in clinical trial models contribute to the growth and development of AIT.