Article
Oncology
Shubhmita Bhatnagar, Vishnu Revuri, Manan Shah, Peter Larson, Zekun Shao, Daohai Yu, Swayam Prabha, Thomas S. Griffith, David Ferguson, Jayanth Panyam
Summary: This study investigated the multi-adjuvant approach of combining a TLR 7/8 agonist and a STING agonist to generate a robust anticancer immune response. The results showed that the combination elicited stronger antigen-specific CD8+ T cell and NK cell responses, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition and improved survival. The findings demonstrate the potential of the TLR7/8 and STING agonist combination as vaccine adjuvants to activate both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vidhi Khanna, Hyunjoon Kim, Wenqiu Zhang, Peter Larson, Manan Shah, Thomas S. Griffith, David Ferguson, Jayanth Panyam
Summary: New small molecule TLR7/8 agonists were found to induce significantly higher cytokines and activate NK cells, enhancing ADCC and anti-cancer efficacy of monoclonal antibodies. These agonists also stimulated CD8 T cells, suggesting an early adaptive immune response.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xaria X. Li, Richard J. Clark, Trent M. Woodruff
Summary: The complement system is a crucial component of innate immunity, generating effector cleavage proteins C3a and C5a that interact with three seven-transmembrane receptors. Studies suggest that commonly used C5a agonists may lack selectivity among the anaphylatoxin receptors.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kaidian Chen, Yao Lin, Yuchun Liu, Shuanglin Liao, Ruoxuan Yang, Jiefeng Huang, Mingwei Xu, Junbing He
Summary: In this study, the clinical relevance of C5 gene polymorphisms in sepsis was explored. The results showed that rs2269067 polymorphism conferred protection against sepsis susceptibility, while rs17611 polymorphism was associated with increased C5a production and susceptibility to sepsis progression and poor prognosis. The study also demonstrated the effect of recombinant C5a on enhancing downstream proinflammatory cytokine production and cell apoptosis.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sonia Jangra, Gabriel Laghlali, Angela Choi, Raveen Rathnasinghe, Yong Chen, Soner Yildiz, Lynda Coughlan, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Bruno G. De Geest, Michael Schotsaert
Summary: The effectiveness of influenza vaccine can be improved by using adjuvants that enhance the host-vaccine response. This study investigated the use of two adjuvants, RIG-I agonist (SDI-nanogel) and TLR7/8 agonist (Imidazoquinoline (IMDQ)-PEG-Chol), in combination with a licensed quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV). The results showed that co-administration of QIV with these adjuvants enhanced the immune response, resulting in increased antibody titers and T cell responses. The combination of the two adjuvants had a stronger effect compared to using a single adjuvant. The findings highlight the importance of adjuvants that target multiple receptors in shaping the host immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marina Luchner, Soren Reinke, Anita Milicic
Summary: Modern vaccines have shifted towards subunit components, requiring adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. Toll-like receptor agonists show promise as adjuvants by linking innate and adaptive immune responses and providing danger signals for effective immune responses.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Camilla Stavnsbjerg, Esben Christensen, Rasmus Munter, Jonas R. Henriksen, Matthias Fach, Ladan Parhamifar, Camilla Christensen, Andreas Kjaer, Anders E. Hansen, Thomas L. Andresen
Summary: This study found that administration of TLR agonists in PEGylated liposomes can lead to the production of high levels of anti-PEG antibodies, which in turn cause accelerated blood clearance and acute hypersensitivity reactions. This highlights the importance of carefully designing nanoparticle delivery systems for immunotherapy to avoid anti-nanoparticle immune responses.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nayira A. Abdel Baky, Aya H. Al-Najjar, Hemat A. Elariny, Amany Said Sallam, Asmaa A. Mohammed
Summary: Pramipexole and lactoferrin have a protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Their mechanisms involve inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as modulating related signaling pathways.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ibtehaj Naqvi, Nicholas Giroux, Lyra Olson, Telmo Llanga, Tolu O. Akinade, Yuefei Zhu, Yiling Zhong, Shree Bose, Stephanie Arvai, Karen Abramson, Lingye Chen, Loretta Que, Bryan Kraft, Xiling Shen, Jaewoo Lee, Kam W. Leong, Smita K. Nair, Bruce Sullenger, Sarah Anh Morrison
Summary: It has been found that severely ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU display a hyper-stimulation of TLR signaling, with nucleic acid-sensing TLR agonists present in their blood and lungs. CD16+ monocytes from deceased ICU patients show a TLR-tolerant phenotype and a deficient anti-viral response. Treatment with MnO nanoparticles effectively neutralizes TLR activation by nucleic acid-containing DAMPs/PAMPs in the lungs and blood.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yingying Mao, Amin Zhang, Haitao Yang, Chen Zhang
Summary: This study explores the potential biomarkers and mechanisms underlying sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) using bioinformatics methods. The results confirm the key role of IL-8 in the pathogenesis of SAE and suggest it as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Eunkyeong Jung, Young Hun Chung, Nicole F. Steinmetz
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a promising role in cancer immunotherapy by activating the immune system. To overcome the limitations of TLR agonists, researchers have used plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLPs) as drug delivery systems. The conjugation of TLR agonists to VNPs/VLPs enhances their anti-tumor efficacy by multivalent presentation and targeting of innate immune cells.
BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Gongbo Zeng, Dong Chen, Renxi Zhou, Xinfeng Zhao, Cuiying Ye, Huiting Tao, Wenbin Sheng, Yidong Wu
Summary: Combining CRP, PCT, and IL-6 can accurately diagnose the hyperinflammatory state of pediatric sepsis and increase the diagnostic specificity. Early diagnosis of organ dysfunction requires a combination of PCT, IL-8, and IL-10.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Ruth Shiloh, Ruth Lubin, Odeya David, Ifat Geron, Elimelech Okon, Idit Hazan, Marketa Zaliova, Gil Amarilyo, Yehudit Birger, Yael Borovitz, Dafna Brik, Arnon Broides, Sarit Cohen-Kedar, Liora Harel, Eyal Kristal, Daria Kozlova, Galina Ling, Mika Shapira Rootman, Noa Shefer Averbuch, Shiri Spielman, Jan Trka, Shai Izraeli, Simon Yona, Sarah Elitzur
Summary: In this study, the molecular pathway leading to histiocytosis and inflammation in H syndrome, a genetic disorder, was revealed through analysis of primary cells from patients. Loss of function of ENT3 was found to activate nucleoside-sensing toll-like receptors and downstream MAPK signaling, inducing cytokine secretion and inflammation. MEK inhibitor therapy showed effectiveness in resolving histiocytosis and inflammation in a patient with H syndrome.
Review
Immunology
Allison M. Owen, Jessica B. Fults, Naeem K. Patil, Antonio Hernandez, Julia K. Bohannon
Summary: Despite improvements in critical care medicine, infection remains a significant challenge, especially for immunocompromised patients who are highly susceptible to severe infection leading to sepsis. Activation of the innate immune system, particularly through the phenomenon of trained immunity, shows promise in enhancing host immune defenses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been identified as agents capable of inducing trained immunity through metabolic and epigenetic modifications, offering potential as immunotherapeutic agents in combatting infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuxin Wang, Tatsuya Morishima, Maiko Sezaki, Ryo Sato, Gaku Nakato, Shinji Fukuda, Kouji Kobiyama, Ken J. Ishii, Yuhua Li, Hitoshi Takizawa
Summary: Bacterial infections can activate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to migrate from the bone marrow to the spleen, a process known as extramedullary hematopoiesis. Recent studies have shown that gut commensal bacteria not only regulate the host immune system, but also hematopoietic homeostasis. This study reveals that Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium, can rapidly activate bone marrow myelopoiesis and induce delayed extramedullary hematopoiesis through the MYD88/TRIF innate immune signaling pathway.
Article
Immunology
Ying Fang, Youdi He, Bing Zhai, Chunmei Hou, Ruonan Xu, Chen Xing, Xiaoqian Wang, Ning Ma, Gencheng Han, Renxi Wang
Summary: The deficiency of Itch in B cells promotes antigen-induced B-cell activation and antibody production, while not significantly affecting spleen and lymph node sizes, antibody levels, and antibody gene mutations. Itch deficiency accelerates antigen-induced cytokine production by controlling proteins with translation initiation factor activity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jiacheng Zhang, Chunmei Hou, Shuaijie Dou, Ge Li, Zhiding Wang, Yiqiong Liu, Yanling Zhang, Renxi Wang, Beifen Shen, Gencheng Han
Summary: Tim-3 controls glycolysis in macrophages, contributing to phenotype shifting; Tim-3 signal blockade increases lactate production without affecting cell proliferation or apoptosis; Tim-3 attenuates glucose uptake in macrophages through inhibiting HK2 expression.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Youdi He, Ying Fang, Bing Zhai, Xiaoling Liu, Gaizhi Zhu, Shan Zhou, Yaqi Xu, Xiaoqian Wang, Wenting Su, Renxi Wang
Summary: The novel protein Gm40600 directly promotes CD4(+) T-cell responses to indirectly up-regulate B-cell responses. By interacting with Ahnak, Gm40600 is shown to promote CD4(+) T-cell activation, suggesting it may be a potential target to control CD4(+) T-cell-related diseases.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Ran Gao, Yaqi Xu, Gaizhi Zhu, Shan Zhou, Huan Li, Gencheng Han, Wenting Su, Renxi Wang
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Yaqi Xu, Ran Gao, Gaizhi Zhu, Shan Zhou, Huan Li, Wenting Su, Gencheng Han, Renxi Wang
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Renxi Wang
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Renxi Wang
Summary: This study using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, found a causal association between genetically increased serum 25OHD levels and reduced risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the European population.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bing Zhai, Xiaoling Liu, Yaqi Xu, Gaizhi Zhu, Shan Zhou, Youdi He, Xiaoqian Wang, Wenting Su, Gencheng Han, Renxi Wang
Summary: The study showed that Hspa13 is specifically and highly expressed in plasma cells, acting as a novel PC-specific marker. Knock-out of Hspa13 in plasma cells led to reduced expression of Ebi3 and IL10, affecting the generation of IL-4-expressing Tfh2 cells. Single-cell antigen receptor analysis also demonstrated that Hspa13 knockout affects antibody class-switching recombination and somatic hypermutation in GC B cells.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Gaizhi Zhu, Shan Zhou, Yaqi Xu, Ran Gao, Huan Li, Wenting Su, Gencheng Han, Renxi Wang
Summary: This study aims to identify the genetic causal link between COVID-19 and childhood intelligence. The analysis suggests a causal link between genetically increased COVID-19 and decreased childhood intelligence.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Min Zhang, Ning Ma, Renxi Wang
Summary: It is still unclear whether IL-6 is causally associated with the risk of breast cancer. Our two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study demonstrated a causal link between a genetically increase in IL-6-signaling and an increase in breast cancer risk. Thus, IL-6 may be a valuable biological indicator for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of patients with breast cancer.
CLINICAL BREAST CANCER
(2023)
Article
Virology
Gaizhi Zhu, Shan Zhou, Yaqi Xu, Ran Gao, Min Zhang, Qi Zeng, Wenting Su, Renxi Wang
Summary: The present study reveals a causal relationship between chickenpox, caused by varicella-zoster virus infection, and multiple sclerosis. The findings suggest that chickenpox may increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Shan Zhou, Gaizhi Zhu, Yaqi Xu, Ran Gao, Min Zhang, Qi Zeng, Wenting Su, Renxi Wang
Summary: This study identifies a causal link between chickenpox and dementia, showing that genetically increased chickenpox is associated with an increased risk of dementia.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Min Zhang, Qi Zeng, Shan Zhou, Gaizhi Zhu, Yaqi Xu, Ran Gao, Wenting Su, Renxi Wang
Summary: This study reevaluated the genetic causal link between IL-6 signaling and PAH using genetic instrumental variants and publicly available PAH GWAS. The results showed that genetically increased IL-6 signaling reduced the risk of PAH, while genetically increased sIL-6 R increased the risk of PAH.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jilu Zhang, Xun Wang, Renxi Wang, Guojiang Chen, Jing Wang, Jiannan Feng, Yan Li, Zuyin Yu, He Xiao
Summary: In this study, the therapeutic effects of rapamycin in a murine model of lupus nephritis were tested. Rapamycin treatment reduced autoantibody production, inhibited T lymphocyte and B cell activation, and reduced inflammatory cytokine production, thereby protecting renal function and alleviating histological lupus nephritis. The mechanisms involved the promotion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the inhibition of effector T cell activation through the recovery of IL-2 production.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wenting Su, Shan Zhou, Gaizhi Zhu, Yaqi Xu, Ran Gao, Min Zhang, Qi Zeng, Renxi Wang
Summary: This study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to identify a causal link between genetically increased pyroglutamine and reduced risk of COVID-19. Pyroglutamine may serve as a protective factor for patients with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
