Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mohamed Esmail Karar, Z. Faizal Khan, Hussain Alshahrani, Omar Reyad
Summary: This study proposed a method for automated segmentation of COVID-19 infections in lung CT images using squeeze-and-excitation networks (SENets) within the Internet of medical things (IoMT) framework. The results showed that the proposed method performed well in segmentation and provided an advanced tool for radiologists to achieve automatic segmentation of the COVID-19 infected areas.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Alistair D. Calder, Giulia Perucca, Sarah May Johnson, Ashwin R. Pandey, Karyn Moshal, Maaike A. Kusters
Summary: Pulmonary infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. This comprehensive review focuses on imaging findings and imaging-based management of lung infections. It includes an overview of respiratory tract immune defenses, etiologies of immune defects in children, features of specific infections, important differential diagnoses, and diagnostic strategies using imaging and non-imaging techniques.
PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Shuangcai Yin, Hongmin Deng, Zelin Xu, Qilin Zhu, Junfeng Cheng
Summary: Due to the blurred boundaries and low contrast between the infected and the non-infected areas in COVID-19 CT images, manual segmentation of COVID-19 lesions is laborious and demanding. Therefore, rapid and accurate segmentation of COVID-19 lesions based on deep learning has become increasingly important. In this study, a modified UNet network called SD-UNet, which combines the squeeze-and-attention (SA) and dense atrous spatial pyramid pooling (Dense ASPP) modules, is proposed to improve the segmentation effect of COVID-19 lung infection by fusing global context and multi-scale information.
Article
Oncology
Shivani Kumar, Lois Holloway, Miriam Boxer, Mei Ling Yap, Phillip Chlap, Daniel Moses, Shalini Vinod
Summary: This study compared the differences in GTV delineation of lung cancer using MRI and PET versus CT and PET. The results showed similar interobserver variability between MRI and PET, but there were significant differences between MRI and CT delineated volumes.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Coline Le Meur, Luca Campedel, Dris Kharroubi, Karim Amrane
Summary: This study presents a rare case of relapsed non-small cell lung cancer with pituitary metastasis in a 75-year-old woman. Pituitary metastasis is uncommon, accounting for only approximately 2% of malignant metastases. F-18-FDG PET and cerebral MRI were used to guide the therapeutic strategy due to an atypical pituitary high FDG avidity.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alfred O. Ankrah, Dina Creemers-Schild, Bart de Keizer, Hans C. Klein, Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx, Thomas C. Kwee, Lambert F. R. Span, Pim A. de Jong, Mike M. Sathekge, Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
Summary: The study assessed the added value of [F-18]FDG PET/CT in evaluating invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and found that in the majority of cases, imaging results from IFIs were consistent with anatomy-based methods. Additionally, [F-18]FDG PET/CT was able to detect IFI lesions outside of the areas imaged by anatomy-based studies.
Article
Oncology
Yun Zhang, Haonan Ning, Wenyu Zheng, Jing Liu, Fuhai Li, Junfei Chen
Summary: In children with hematological malignancies and lower respiratory tract infections, the lung microbiome shows decreased diversity and increased pathogenic function, antimicrobial resistance, and unfavorable environment tolerance. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, and Proteobacteria may serve as negative predictors for hospitalization course while Firmicutes may act as a positive predictor.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Liesl S. Eibschutz, Behnam Rabiee, Shadi Asadollahi, Amit Gupta, Majid Assadi, Abass Alavi, Ali Gholamrezanezhad
Summary: FDG-PET/CT has higher sensitivity than anatomic imaging modalities in early diagnosis of infection and inflammation. It plays an important role in the imaging of COVID-19 and other lung infections. Further research is needed to determine its best indications and clinical applications, and to improve its specificity.
SEMINARS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
C. A. R. A. Owens, S. U. M. E. E. T. Hindocha, R. I. C. H. A. R. D. Lee, T. H. O. M. A. S. Millard, B. H. U. P. I. N. D. E. R. Sharma
Summary: Lung cancer is the most common and deadliest cancer worldwide. Recent advancements in diagnostic and treatment options, such as PET/CT and targeted therapies, have improved patient outcomes. This review critically assesses the role of CT and PET/CT in staging and response evaluation of non-small-cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Additionally, it discusses the limitations and benefits of different assessment criteria and explores the potential use of MRI and emerging PET-CT radiotracers. The integration of artificial intelligence with imaging techniques is also highlighted for personalized medicine.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Bruno Hochhegger, Lilian Lonzetti, Adalberto Rubin, Juliane Nascimento de Mattos, Nupur Verma, Tan-Lucien H. Mohammed, Pratik P. Patel, Edson Marchiori
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of CT and MRI in assessing the progression of ILD associated with SSc and investigate the correlations of MRI with PFT and CT scores. The results showed that MRI scores can be an alternative modality for assessing ILD progression in patients with SSc.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenzo Anfigeno, Fiammetta Sertorio, Luca Basso, Andrea Fontana, Monica Bodria, Angela Pistorio, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Maria Beatrice Damasio
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic role of DW-MRI in pediatric patients with acute pyelonephritis. Results showed that DW-MRI can accurately identify multiple areas of pyelonephritis, but selecting appropriate patients for this examination remains challenging.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Agustina Taglialegna
Summary: Mazzolini and colleagues have created a modified strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae that can be used to treat and prevent lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yoshiharu Ohno, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Daisuke Takenaka, Hisanobu Koyama, Kota Aoyagi, Masao Yui, Yuka Oshima, Nayu Hamabuchi, Yumi Tanaka, Chika Shigemura, Seiichiro Oota, Masahiko Nomura, Kazuhiro Murayama, Yoshitaka Inui, Kaoru Kikukawa, Hiroshi Toyama
Summary: Whole-body MRI and FDG PET/MRI outperformed conventional staging tests and FOG PET/CT for staging of SCLC.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Tian-Yi Xia, Zheng-Hao Zhou, Xiang-Pan Meng, Jun-Hao Zha, Qian Yu, Wei-Lang Wang, Yang Song, Yuan-Cheng Wang, Tian-Yu Tang, Jun Xu, Tao Zhang, Xue-Ying Long, Yun Liang, Wen-Bo Xiao, Sheng-Hong Ju
Summary: A radiomics approach was developed to predict the microvascular invasion (MVI) status of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using preoperative CT images. Differentially expressed genes associated with MVI were identified.
Article
Oncology
Xin Tang, Jiaojiao Wu, Jiangtao Liang, Changfeng Yuan, Feng Shi, Zhongxiang Ding
Summary: The study demonstrated that the composite prediction model of PET/MRI + CT + Clinical had higher diagnostic accuracy and clinical benefits in predicting the pathological subtypes of lung ADC and SCC, providing support for accurate clinical diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Vikram Damaraju, Nalini Gupta, Mandeep Saini, Sahajal Dhooria, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Parikshaa Gupta, Valliappan Muthu, Ashutosh N. Aggarwal, Ritesh Agarwal, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal
Summary: This study compares the sensitivity of P-ROSE (pulmonologist on-site evaluation) and WHOSE (cytologist off-site evaluation) for adequacy and diagnosis of cytology specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA. The results show that WHOSE significantly improves the performance of P-ROSE. This suggests that off-site evaluation of slides by a cytologist using WhatsApp has a positive impact on on-site evaluation.
Review
Dermatology
Vikram Damaraju, Ritesh Agarwal, Sahajal Dhooria, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Kirti Gupta, Nidhi Prabhakar, Ashutosh N. Aggarwal, Valliappan Muthu
Summary: This article reports a case of isolated tracheobronchial mucormycosis following COVID-19 and performs a systematic review. Isolated tracheobronchial mucormycosis is a rare disease characterized by cough, haemoptysis, and hoarseness of voice. Bronchoscopy plays an important role in early diagnosis, and treatment with antifungals and control of risk factors are crucial.
Review
Allergy
Meiling Jin, Jo A. Douglass, J. Stuart Elborn, Ritesh Agarwal, William J. Calhoun, Slawomir Lazarewicz, Xavier Jaumont, Meng Yan
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of omalizumab in patients with treatment-refractory allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). The results showed that omalizumab treatment significantly reduced exacerbations and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, improved lung function and asthma control in ABPA patients, and was well-tolerated.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mycology
Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Kajal Arora, Oliver A. Cornely, Helmut J. F. Salzer, Sahajal Dhooria, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Mandeep Garg, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Valliappan Muthu, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Ritesh Agarwal
Summary: The study assesses the agreement between existing and CPAnet definitions for treatment outcomes in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). It concludes that the CPAnet definitions accurately categorize treatment outcomes in most cases of CPA, and adding weight loss as a component enhances their performance.
Article
Dermatology
Deepak Garg, Kathirvel Soundappan, Ritesh Agarwal, Soham Mukherjee, Mahendra Kumar, Sahajal Dhooria, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Raja Ramachandran, Shivakumar Patil, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Valliappan Muthu
Summary: Pulmonary mucormycosis in subjects with diabetes mellitus is not associated with cattle dung exposure. Instead, factors such as male sex, poor glycemic control, COVID-19 infection, and housing type are associated with the disease.
Article
Dermatology
Valliappan Muthu, Ratnakara Rao Gogineni, Ritesh Agarwal, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Sahajal Dhooria, Ashutosh N. Aggarwal, Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy, Harkant Singh, Mandeep Garg, Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Summary: In this open-label trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of nebulized amphotericin B (NAB) in combination with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B to intravenous liposomal amphotericin B alone for the treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis (PM). The results showed that the addition of NAB did not significantly improve overall response at 6 weeks or reduce 90-day mortality. Further research is needed to explore alternative treatment options for PM.
Article
Dermatology
Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Keshavamurthy Vinay, Sahajal Dhooria, Valliappan Muthu, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Hansraj Choudhary, Ritesh Agarwal
Summary: This study compared the differences in drug concentration and treatment effectiveness between the innovator itraconazole and generic itraconazole in treating chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). The results showed that the innovator itraconazole was superior to the generic itraconazole, achieving therapeutic levels more effectively, and serum itraconazole levels were correlated with treatment response.
Review
Allergy
Ritesh Agarwal, Valliappan Muthu, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Sahajal Dhooria, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Kathirvel Soundappan, Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in asthmatic patients and found a high prevalence of ABPA in adult asthmatic subjects, highlighting the need for screening for ABPA in all asthmatic subjects seeking tertiary care.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ritesh Agarwal, Valliappan Muthu, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Sahajal Dhooria, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Kathirvel Soundappan, Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of aspergillus sensitization (AS) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in children with bronchial asthma through a systematic review of literature. The results showed a high prevalence of AS and ABPA in asthmatic children. Community-based studies from different ethnicities using a standardized methodology are needed to determine the true prevalence of AS and ABPA in pediatric asthma.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Sahajal Dhooria, Naresh Sachdeva, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Valliappan Muthu, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Mandeep Garg, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Ritesh Agarwal
Summary: This study investigated the diagnostic performance of plasma procalcitonin (PCT) in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). The results showed that the proportion of elevated PCT in CPA patients was very low, with a sensitivity of only 3.7% and a specificity of 100%. After treatment, the plasma PCT levels decreased in some patients, but 45% of the patients had an increase or no change in PCT levels.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Rajendra P. P. Anne, Sourabh Dutta, Haribalakrishna Balasubramanian, Ashutosh N. N. Aggarwal, Neelima Chadha, Praveen Kumar
Summary: This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid cytochemistry in diagnosing meningitis in infants below 90 days of age and determined the certainty of evidence. The results showed that cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count and protein have good diagnostic accuracy, while glucose has good specificity but poor sensitivity. The overall certainty of the evidence was moderate.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Valliappan Muthu, Ritesh Agarwal
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Helmut J. F. Salzer, Maja Reimann, Carolin Oertel, Jesper Romhild Davidsen, Christian B. Laursen, Eva Van Braeckel, Ritesh Agarwal, Korkut Avsar, Oxana Munteanu, Muhammed Irfan, Christoph Lange
Summary: We evaluated the performance of Aspergillus-specific IgG antibodies for diagnosing CPA, using patients with histologically proven CPA as a reference standard. The results showed that the IgG antibody test had high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CPA.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Mycology
Valliappan Muthu, Ritesh Agarwal, Sahajal Dhooria, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy, Ashutosh Aggarwal, Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Summary: Mucormycosis in HIV infection is rare without additional risk factors or intravenous drug use. In this systematic review, 94 cases were classified into three groups: HIV with additional risk factors, intravenous drug users, and no other risk factor for mucormycosis. The most common presentations varied between the groups, with renal and cerebral mucormycosis being most common in intravenous drug users. The overall mortality rate was 53% and did not differ significantly among the groups.
Review
Allergy
Ritesh Agarwal, Valliappan Muthu, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal
Summary: Fungal sensitization is common in severe asthma, particularly in relation to Aspergillus fumigatus. The presence of A. fumigatus, its thermotolerant nature, smaller size of its conidia, and production of strong allergens contribute to the worsening of asthma control. Diagnosing fungal asthma is complex due to diverse clinical manifestations and lack of specific biomarkers. Diagnosis involves careful assessment of clinical history, immunological tests, and imaging. Treatment plans for fungal asthma vary based on severity and may include inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and antifungal therapy.
ALLERGOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
