Article
Psychology, Clinical
Dennis Gibson, Jodie Benabe, Ashlie Watters, Judy Oakes, Philip S. Mehler
Summary: Stimulant laxative abuse may lead to the development of cathartic colon changes and is associated with unique psychopathology, characterized by higher Novelty Seeking and Sensitivity to Punishment, as well as greater Harm Avoidance in individuals engaging in any form of purging behavior.
JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Surgery
N. N. Dudi-Venkata, H. M. Kroon, S. Bedrikovetski, M. Lewis, M. J. Lawrence, R. A. Hunter, J. W. Moore, M. L. Thomas, T. Sammour
Summary: The routine use of multi-modal laxatives after elective colorectal surgery can result in earlier recovery of gastrointestinal function and reduce the incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Barry L. Werth, Sybele-Anne Christopher
Summary: The prevalence of laxative use in community-dwelling adults varies widely, and there is a lack of involvement of healthcare professionals in the selection process. Satisfaction levels with laxatives are reported to be low, possibly due to inappropriate choices for the intended use.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Philipp Dominik, Martin P. Wassmer, Michael Soyka, Andreas G. Franke
Summary: Pharmacological neuroenhancement refers to the use of psychoactive substances to enhance mental performance without medical need, with users often considering it as a coping strategy. In Germany, the use of freely available and prescription drugs, as well as narcotics without medical indication, has not been subject to clear legal sanctions, but this could pose risks to the lives and health of others.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yanghang He, Gang Liu, Chen Xia, Jian Chen, Jiayuan Zhao, Xueli Li, Junlin Deng, Xueli Wang, Zhuoya Xiang, Peng Zeng
Summary: This study investigated the effects of mulberry ferment on constipation in mice. The results showed that mulberry ferment increased fecal moisture content, shortened black fecal defecation time, accelerated gastro-intestinal transit, alleviated tissue injuries caused by constipation, and modulated intestinal microflora.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chiara Elli PharmD, Alessio Novella StatD, Alessandro Nobili, Aladar Ianes, Luca Pasina
Summary: This study investigated the use of laxative drugs in Italian nursing homes and found associations between conditions like Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hemiplegia with laxative prescription. The study also revealed that medications that can induce constipation, such as antidepressants, anti-Parkinson dopaminergic agents, and benzodiazepines, are often used in conjunction with laxatives, leading to an increase in laxative use.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Chris Eaton, Kenneith Yong, Victoria Walter, Gashirai K. Mbizvo, Sinead Rhodes, Richard Fm Chin
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs used to treat individuals with both ADHD and epilepsy. The results showed that the stimulant drug OROS-MPH did not significantly worsen epilepsy, but higher doses were associated with an increased risk of seizures. The non-stimulant drug omega-3, when used in combination with other medications, reduced seizure frequency. However, the certainty of evidence for these outcomes was low, and further research is needed.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayaz Ali Sher, Arshad Iqbal, Naveed Muhammad, Syed Lal Badshah, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Mariusz Jaremko
Summary: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical composition of ethyl acetate (EAC) and dichloromethane (DCMC) fractions from Chrozophora tinctoria. Both fractions exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and showed laxative effects. The EAC fraction also had a better relaxing effect on intestinal muscles.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhirong Yang, Chang Wei, Xiaojuan Li, Jinqiu Yuan, Xuefeng Gao, Bingyu Li, Ziyi Zhao, Sengwee Toh, Xin Yu, Carol Brayne, Zuyao Yang, Feng Sha, Jinling Tang
Summary: This study found that the regular use of laxatives is associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia, especially in individuals who use multiple types of laxatives or osmotic laxatives.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ping Zhou, Jing Zhang, Yudi Xu, Peng Zhang, Zhihao Zhang, Yongqing Xiao, Ying Liu
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of oral supplementation with lutein on physical and immune indicators in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The results showed that lutein supplementation significantly improved physical and immune indicators, including body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α levels, and serum lutein levels. These findings provide support for the clinical application of lutein in enhancing immune function and improving physical indicators.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Jiayi Cox, Richard Sherva, Leah Wetherill, Tatiana Foroud, Howard J. Edenberg, Henry R. Kranzler, Joel Gelernter, Lindsay A. Farrer
Summary: The study found stimulant dependence to be heritable, with potential genetic factors and genes underlying the trait identified through a genome-wide association study. Four suggestive loci were identified, with genes related to other substance use disorders also being highlighted.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Manuel Kerscher, Julius H. Jander, Junwei Cui, Max M. Martin, Moritz Wolf, Patrick Preuster, Michael H. Rausch, Peter Wasserscheid, Thomas M. Koller, Andreas P. Froeba
Summary: The thermophysical properties of binary mixtures of diphenylmethane with benzophenone were investigated. It was found that the addition of benzophenone increased the density, surface tension, and viscosity of the mixture. The viscosity showed a distinct change in the temperature dependence during the transition from the liquid to the supercooled liquid state. Additionally, water dissolved in benzophenone had a significant impact on the viscosity and surface tension.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Priyanka Kalita, Doli Rani Das, Debojit Hazarika, Anup Kumar Talukdar
Summary: A ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite was synthesized using pre-synthesized ZSM-5 zeolite as a silica source and CTAB as a template, followed by in-situ modification to load varying amounts of cobalt. Characterization techniques such as PXRD, FT-IR, TGA, UV-Vis DRS, N-2 adsorption-desorption, and SEM-EDX were used to analyze the materials. The catalytic activity of the materials for liquid phase oxidation of diphenylmethane was studied, with a focus on enhancing selectivity towards benzophenone.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shaima Hasan, Kawthar Kayed, Rose Ghemrawi, Nezar Al Bataineh, Radwa E. Mahgoub, Rola Audeh, Raghad Aldulaymi, Noor Atatreh, Mohammad A. Ghattas
Summary: The need for new antibiotics is a global challenge due to increasing bacterial resistance. Our study aimed to discover small inhibitors for FabI, which plays a crucial role in bacterial cell membrane integrity. After conducting a similarity search using a known hit, MN02, ten compounds were selected for computational assessment and antimicrobial testing. Among them, RK10 showed broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and exhibited the best fitting with the target catalytic pocket. Overall, RK10 is a promising candidate for the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Julius H. Jander, Patrick S. Schmidt, Cedric Giraudet, Peter Wasserscheid, Michael H. Rausch, Andreas P. Froeba
Summary: This study presents the physico-chemical properties of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) system diphenylmethane/dicyclohexylmethane in the presence of dissolved hydrogen at temperatures up to 523 K and pressures up to 10 MPa. The solubility of hydrogen increases with temperature and pressure, while the interfacial tension and liquid density show minimal variation. Different mixtures with similar degree of hydrogenation suggest that the presence of cyclohexylphenylmethane has a small influence on the properties of the LOHC system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)