Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eszter Becskehazi, Marietta Margareta Korsos, Eleonora Gal, Laszlo Tiszlavicz, Zsofia Hoyk, Maria A. Deli, Zoltan Marton Kohler, Aniko Keller-Pinter, Attila Horvath, Kata Cseko, Zsuzsanna Helyes, Peter Hegyi, Viktoria Venglovecz
Summary: The study suggests that smoking affects the function of ion transporters, playing a role in the development of smoking-induced esophageal diseases. In metaplastic cells, CSE treatment increased the activity and protein expression of NHE-1, reducing proliferation in a NHE-1-dependent manner. Contrarily, in normal cells, the expression and activity of NHE-1 decreased due to smoke exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed Sam Beydoun, Kaleigh A. Stabenau, Kenneth W. Altman, Nikki Johnston
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing rapidly and has a poor prognosis, often preceded by Barrett's esophagus (BE). This review provides an overview of BE, EAC, and the progression from BE to EAC. The definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, and risk factors for both conditions are discussed, with special attention given to areas of debate. The progression from BE to EAC is likely driven by inflammatory pathways, pepsin exposure, upregulation of growth factor pathways, and mitochondrial changes. Surveillance is conducted through serial endoscopic evaluation, with shorter intervals recommended for high-risk features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chunyang Bao, Richard W. Tourdot, Gregory J. Brunette, Chip Stewart, Lili Sun, Hideo Baba, Masayuki Watanabe, Agoston T. Agoston, Kunal Jajoo, Jon M. Davison, Katie S. Nason, Gad Getz, Kenneth K. Wang, Yu Imamura, Robert Odze, Adam J. Bass, Matthew D. Stachler, Cheng-Zhong Zhang
Summary: By analyzing chromosomal copy-number evolution in early cancers and precancerous lesions of the esophagus, the authors reveal signatures of ongoing chromosomal instability and its role in promoting tumor progression.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jennifer M. Kolb, Mindy Chen, Anna Tavakkoli, Jazmyne Gallegos, Jack O'Hara, Wyatt Tarter, Camille J. Hochheimer, Bryan Golubski, Noa Kopplin, Lilly Hennessey, Anita Kalluri, Shalika Devireddy, Frank I. Scott, Gary W. Falk, Amit G. Singal, Ravy K. Vajravelu, Sachin Wani
Summary: Most EAC patients do not have a previous BE diagnosis, indicating a failure of current screening practices. Understanding patient attitudes and barriers is crucial for improving BE screening adherence.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tarek Sawas, Saam Dilmaghani, Lovekirat Dhaliwal, Kenneth K. Wang, Prasad G. Iyer, David A. Katzka
Summary: The study found that compared to BE patients, EAC patients had significantly lower rates of heartburn, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, optimal strategies for screening for prevalent EAC may need to be adjusted.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Lu Zhang, Binyu Sun, Xi Zhou, QiongQiong Wei, Sicheng Liang, Gang Luo, Tao Li, Muhan Lu
Summary: This article briefly describes the etiology and clinical significance of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus, as well as its impact on diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment according to different guidelines. The basis for endoscopic diagnosis and identification techniques of goblet cells in Barrett's esophagus are explored, along with current treatment methods related to the condition.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mourad Wagdy Ali, Jianhong Chen, Li Yan, Xiaoyu Wang, James Y. Dai, Thomas L. Vaughan, Graham Casey, Matthew F. Buas
Summary: Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 19 genetic susceptibility loci for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE) have been identified. Utilizing functional potential scores, a systematic informatics pipeline was developed to prioritize candidate functional variants. Two additional prioritized loci were experimentally interrogated, uncovering a functional variant and risk enhancer. The identification of candidate gene targets, including B lymphocyte kinase (BLK), nei like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2), and cathepsin B (CTSB), suggests that altered expression of these genes may play a role in the genetic risk association at 8p23.1 with BE/EAC.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maja Mejza, Ewa Malecka-Wojciesko
Summary: Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous condition of the esophagus, characterized by a salmon-colored lining and the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells. It is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma, a tumor with poor survival rates and increasing incidence. The diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus remain a topic of ongoing debate. This article provides an overview of current recommendations and new discoveries in this field.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
John J. McGoran, Krish Ragunath
Summary: Barrett's esophagus is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma, and endoscopic surveillance followed by endoscopic eradication therapy is the current practice. The mantra of 'Detect-Resect-Ablate' guides the therapeutic approach, emphasizing the importance of high-quality endoscopy in identifying associated pathology and preventing dysplasia recurrence. The review discusses current practices, pitfalls, complications, and future perspectives in this field, with a focus on bridging clinical practice differences between Western and Asian nations.
DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sharib Ali, Adam Bailey, Stephen Ash, Maryam Haghighat, Tgu Investigators, Simon J. Leedham, Xin Lu, James E. East, Jens Rittscher, Barbara Braden
Summary: A novel methodology for measuring Barrett's epithelium risk score automatically was proposed, achieving high accuracy in both phantom and patient data. The method allows quantification of BEA and islands area, and enables interactive 3D visualization of the esophageal surface. The artificial intelligence system demonstrated high accuracy in C&M measurements and has potential for risk stratification and therapy response assessment.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
James A. Evans, Emanuela Carlotti, Meng-Lay Lin, Richard J. Hackett, Magnus J. Haughey, Adam M. Passman, Lorna Dunn, George Elia, Ross J. Porter, Mairi H. McLean, Frances Hughes, Joanne ChinAleong, Philip Woodland, Sean L. Preston, S. Michael Griffin, Laurence Lovat, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Weini Huang, Nicholas A. Wright, Marnix Jansen, Stuart A. C. McDonald
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of gland phenotypes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and found that diverse gland phenotypes represent an evolutionary process, with changes in gland diversity potentially playing a role in disease progression.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elissa M. Ozanne, Elisabeth R. Silver, Sameer D. Saini, Joel H. Rubenstein, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Nicole Bowers, Sarah Xinhui Tan, John M. Inadomi, Chin Hur
Summary: Physicians' recommendations for BE surveillance cessation vary based on patient age, comorbidities, and BE length, with age showing the most significant variation in decisions. It appears that age and comorbidities influence BE surveillance cessation decisions, but with differences among clinicians. Clear guidelines balancing the risks and benefits of BE surveillance cessation are needed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chika Kusano, Rajvinder Singh, Yeong Yeh Lee, Yu Sen Alex Soh, Prateek Sharma, Khek-Yu Ho, Takuji Gotoda
Summary: Endoscopic diagnosis is crucial for early detection of esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophagogastric junction cancer. However, there are significant differences in diagnostic methods for Barrett's esophagus among international guidelines. Clarifying the location of the gastroesophageal junction is important for defining Barrett's esophagus, but it can be difficult due to air entry or reflux esophagitis. Non-targeted biopsies are commonly used to detect intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer in Barrett's esophagus. Advanced imaging technologies and artificial intelligence have shown promising results in diagnosing Barrett's esophagus.
DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlijn A. M. Roumans, Manon C. W. Spaander, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Katharina Biermann, Marco J. Bruno, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Dimitris Rizopoulos
Summary: This study examines the value of using longitudinal evolutions of histological findings and immunohistochemical biomarkers to assess the risk of progression in Barrett's esophagus. The results show that the longitudinal evolutions of aberrant expression of p53 and SOX2 are associated with an increased risk of high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma, and there is weak evidence of an association with the longitudinal evolution of the presence of LGD. The model performs well, with the ability to estimate the probability of biomarker aberrant expression based on multiple longitudinal observations for future BE patients.
Article
Oncology
Dale J. Waterhouse, Wladyslaw Januszewicz, Sharib Ali, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Massimiliano di Pietro, Sarah E. Bohndiek
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of spectral endoscopy technology to improve detection efficiency of Barrett's esophagus, and the ability to accurately classify disease stages using deep learning, enhancing the contrast of endoscopic examination.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julia Schroeder, Laura Chegwidden, Carlo Maj, Jan Gehlen, Jan Speller, Anne C. Boehmer, Oleg Borisov, Timo Hess, Nicole Kreuser, Marino Venerito, Hakan Alakus, Andrea May, Christian Gerges, Thomas Schmidt, Rene Thieme, Dominik Heider, Axel M. Hillmer, Julian Reingruber, Orestis Lyros, Arne Dietrich, Albrecht Hoffmeister, Matthias Mehdorn, Florian Lordick, Gertraud Stocker, Michael Hohaus, Daniel Reim, Jennis Kandler, Michaela Mueller, Alanna Ebigbo, Claudia Fuchs, Christiane J. Bruns, Arnulf H. Holscher, Hauke Lang, Peter P. Grimminger, Dani Dakkak, Yogesh Vashist, Sandra May, Siegfried Gorg, Andre Franke, David Ellinghaus, Sara Galavotti, Lothar Veits, Josef Weismuller, Jens Dommermuth, Udo Benner, Thomas Roesch, Helmut Messmann, Brigitte Schumacher, Horst Neuhaus, Carsten Schmidt, Thaddaus T. Wissinowski, Markus M. Noethen, Jing Dong, Jue-Sheng Ong, Matthew F. Buas, Aaron P. Thrift, Thomas L. Vaughan, Ian Tomlinson, David C. Whiteman, Rebecca Claire Fitzgerald, Janusz Jankowski, Michael Vieth, Andreas Mayr, Puya Gharahkhani, Stuart MacGregor, Ines Gockel, Claire Palles, Johannes Schumacher
Summary: This study utilized GWAS, genetic correlation analysis, and polygenic risk modeling to investigate the genetic causes of BE/EA. The findings identified new risk loci and candidate genes associated with BE/EA development. The study also revealed differences in the etiology of BE and EA and demonstrated improved risk prediction models when combining PRS with risk factors. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying BE/EA and improve our understanding of the disease.
Article
Ophthalmology
Sabbir T. Rahman, Mary Waterhouse, Briony Duarte Romero, Catherine Baxter, Dallas English, David A. Mackey, Peter R. Ebeling, Bruce K. Armstrong, Donald S. A. McLeod, Gunter Hartel, Rachel L. O'Connell, Jolieke C. van der Pols, Alison J. Venn, Penelope M. Webb, David C. Whiteman, Rachel E. Neale
Summary: Supplementing high-dose vitamin D may not significantly reduce the incidence of cataract surgery, regardless of age, sex, body mass index, serum vitamin D concentration, or ambient ultraviolet radiation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hai Pham, Mary Waterhouse, Catherine Baxter, Briony Duarte Romero, Donald S. A. McLeod, Bruce K. Armstrong, Peter R. Ebeling, Dallas R. English, Gunter Hartel, Rachel L. O'Connell, Jolieke C. van der Pols, Alison J. Venn, Penelope M. Webb, David C. Whiteman, Rachel E. Neale
Summary: Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the severity of infections, but its effect on hospitalization for infection has not been confirmed. This study found that vitamin D supplementation had no effect on the incidence of hospitalization for any infection, but it reduced the number of extended hospitalizations lasting more than 6 days.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
David A. Mackey, Jue-Sheng Ong, Stuart MacGregor, David C. Whiteman, Jamie E. Craig, M. Isabel, G. Lopez-Sanchez, Lisa S. Kearns, Sandra E. Staffieri, Linda Clarke, Myra B. McGuinness, Wafaa Meteoukki, Sona Samuel, Jonathan B. Ruddle, Celia Chen, Clare L. Fraser, John Harrison, Neil Howell, Alex W. Hewitt
Summary: Pedigree analysis showed that most LHON family members carrying a mitochondrial risk variant do not develop vision loss. Mitochondrial haplotype plays a major role in the risk of vision loss from LHON. The prevalence of LHON variants in the general population is relatively low, and the penetrance of LHON is very low in carriers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Letter
Dermatology
Dilki Jayasinghe, Uyen Koh, Elsemieke Plasmeijer, Scott W. Menzies, Joanne F. Aitken, H. Peter Soyer, Monika Janda, Adele C. Green, Brigid Betz-Stablein
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Dermatology
Flavie Perrier, Trude E. Robsahm, Reza Ghiasvand, Kristin B. Borch, Tonje Braaten, Elisabete Weiderpass, Corina S. Rueegg, Adele C. Green, Marit B. Veierod
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Azam Majidi, Renhua Na, Susan J. Jordan, Anna DeFazio, Andreas Obermair, Michael Friedlander, Peter Grant, Penelope M. Webb
Summary: This study investigated the association between nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use and 5-year cancer-specific survival in Australian women with ovarian cancer. The results showed that frequent use of NSAIDs, including aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs, was associated with better survival compared to nonusers and infrequent users. These findings suggest that NSAID use might improve ovarian cancer survival.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2023)
Letter
Dermatology
Catherine M. Olsen, Nirmala Pandeya, David C. Whiteman
Summary: This study aimed to describe the incidence trends of invasive melanoma by histological subtype and thickness in two populations with different approaches to early detection (the US White population and Queensland, Australia). The incidence of thick melanoma (> 4.00 mm) increased at a faster rate than thinner melanomas in both populations over the period 1999-2018, primarily driven by nodular melanomas. Thin melanomas (< 1.00 mm) were predominantly of superficial spreading subtype, while thick melanomas (> 4.00 mm) were dominated by nodular melanomas.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Dermatology
Catherine M. Olsen, Louisa G. Gordon, Stacy M. Carter, David C. Whiteman
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Marjorie M. A. de Souza, Gunter Hartel, Catherine M. Olsen, David C. Whiteman, Annika Antonsson
Summary: This Australian-based study assessed the prevalence of oral HPV infection in Australian residents and found that the prevalence was 7.2%. The study also found a strong association between oral HPV infection and sexual behaviors, and suggested that HPV vaccination may result in a lower risk of infection with nonavalent HPV types.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Letter
Dermatology
Peter A. Johansson, Jane M. Palmer, Hayley R. Hamilton, David C. Whiteman, Antonia L. Pritchard, Nicholas K. Hayward
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Nirmala Pandeya, Jean Claude Dusingize, Catherine M. Olsen, Stuart Macgregor, Rachel E. Neale, Matthew H. Law, David C. Whiteman
Summary: Genetic risk is weakly associated with melanoma incidence and screening behavior, but it does not explain the higher rate of melanoma detection between screened and unscreened individuals.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Catherine M. Olsen, Nirmala Pandeya, Bruna S. Ragaini, Rachel E. Neale, David C. Whiteman
Summary: We compared the incidence trends of cutaneous SCC (cSCC) and melanoma in populations residing at mid-to-high latitudes and found that the ratio of cSCC-to-melanoma incidence increased with proximity to the equator and over time, especially in women.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Nirmala Pandeya, Nancy Huang, Zainab Jiyad, Elsemieke Plasmeijer, Mandy Way, Nicole Isbel, Scott Campbell, Daniel C. Chambers, Peter Hopkins, H. Peter Soyer, David C. Whiteman, Catherine M. Olsen, Adele C. Green
Summary: Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have a higher risk of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) compared to the general population. There are some differences in the clinicopathologic features of BCCs between OTRs and the general population. Although aggressive subtypes of BCCs are less common in OTRs, BCCs that invade beyond the dermis are almost twice as prevalent in OTRs compared to the general population.
ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
M. Shakeel, Z. Jiyad, M. Grant, M. G. Cook, D. Oudit, A. C. Green
Summary: The occurrence of lower limb melanoma in women is higher, but it varies across subsites and age groups. This might be linked to the relative influence of genetic and environmental risk factors.
ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)