Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Rebecca M. Turner, Anna Turkova, Cecilia L. Moore, Alasdair Bamford, Moherndran Archary, Linda N. Barlow-Mosha, Mark F. Cotton, Tim R. Cressey, Elizabeth Kaudha, Abbas Lugemwa, Hermione Lyall, Hilda A. Mujuru, Veronica Mulenga, Victor Musiime, Pablo Rojo, Gareth Tudor-Williams, Steven B. Welch, Diana M. Gibb, Deborah Ford, Ian R. White
Summary: This study aimed to develop a method for incorporating expert opinions on differences in treatment effects between patient populations into a Bayesian analysis. The method was applied to a trial comparing antiretroviral therapy regimens in different subgroups, and the results showed that borrowing information from a larger subgroup led to improved estimation of treatment effects in a smaller subgroup.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Jose L. Jimenez, Haiyan Zheng
Summary: This paper proposes a two-stage Bayesian adaptive design for dose finding in dual-agent combinations, considering a change in patient population. The methodology estimates the maximum tolerated dose combination in stage I and identifies the most efficacious dose combination in stage II. Results from a simulation study show improved operating characteristics for efficacy assessment under a conservative assumption about parameter exchangeability.
BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Haiyan Zheng, Lisa Hampson, Thomas Jaki
Summary: This paper introduces a general Bayesian hierarchical model for phase I oncology trials, bridging different patient subgroups and incorporating preliminary information from animal studies. By rescaling doses and introducing parameters for adjusting toxicity differences, the model can capture uncertainty and provide robust inferences even when data from multiple sources are inconsistent. Random-effects distributions with different covariance matrices help account for heterogeneity between animal and human studies.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Massimo Breccia, Giuseppe Saglio
Summary: The role of IFN alpha in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients who have achieved a deep molecular response is still unclear. The study by Irani et al., which examines the effects of the drug in combination with a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, provides a foundation for further clinical studies aiming to increase the rate of DMR and potentially successful discontinuation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Lou E. Whitehead, Oliver Sailer, Miles D. Witham, James M. S. Wason
Summary: Basket trials are a novel clinical trial design that investigate a single intervention in multiple patient subgroups called baskets. They have advantages of reduced sample sizes, increased efficiency, and reduced costs compared to separate trials. Primarily used in Phase II oncology settings, basket trials could also be beneficial in other areas with shared biological mechanisms, like chronic aging-related diseases.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nicky Best, Robert G. Price, Isabelle J. Pouliquen, Oliver N. Keene
Summary: The Bayesian dynamic borrowing method allows for a robust mixture prior to be constructed using informative prior from the complementary subgroup and a weak prior distribution centered on zero, enabling borrowing of prior information and determining the weight needed for establishing efficacy in the subgroup of interest. The tipping point analysis enables evidence from different subgroups to be displayed alongside each other.
PHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS
(2021)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Patricia C. Jackman, M. J. Schweickle, S. G. Goddard, S. A. Vella, C. Swann
Summary: The paper introduces the event-focused interview method, outlining its utility for capturing rich information on specific episodic phenomena in sport and exercise activities. It highlights the limitations of other methods and explains how event-focused interviews can complement them. Guidelines for implementation and future research directions are also provided.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN SPORT EXERCISE AND HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jiaxin Liang, Haoyuan Pan, Soung Chang Liew
Summary: This study investigates the freshness of information in multichannel access in information update systems by dividing the channel into different numbers of subchannels to affect the performance of Age of Information (AoI).
IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ksenia Kasianova, Mark Kelbert, Pavel Mozgunov
Summary: The article discusses two main objectives in rare disease Phase II clinical trials, proposing response-adaptive designs as a means to achieve a balance between statistical power and number of patients responding to treatment. Novel designs based on information-theoretical criteria are suggested to adjust this balance.
COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Corey David Chan, Anindya Niyogi, Bruce Jaffray, Malcolm Brodlie, Hany Gabra
Summary: The study found that lung biopsy in children is valuable for confirming suspected diagnoses and identifying new pathological diagnoses, with 38% of children having treatment altered based on biopsy results. However, there is a proportion of cases where histology is inconclusive, highlighting the importance of careful patient selection to maximize diagnostic yield.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2021)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Lukas Baumann, Johannes Krisam, Meinhard Kieser
Summary: In a basket trial, new treatments are tested in different subgroups with a common biomarker. Bayesian borrowing methods are often used to combine the data of baskets that show a similar response to the treatment, but this can lead to counterintuitive decisions. Two monotonicity conditions are proposed to improve the accuracy of inference in basket trials.
BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Haiyan Zheng, Michael J. Grayling, Pavel Mozgunov, Thomas Jaki, James M. S. Wason
Summary: Basket trials are increasingly used for evaluating new treatments in different patient subgroups. This paper proposes a Bayesian approach to determine sample size in basket trials, allowing information borrowing between similar subsets. The proposed approach yields comparable sample sizes for circumstances of no borrowing, and significantly reduces sample size when borrowing is enabled between commensurate subtrials. Examples and simulation studies demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luigino Calzetta, Marina Aiello, Annalisa Frizzelli, Elena Pistocchini, Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo, Paola Rogliani, Alfredo Chetta
Summary: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the main treatment for asthma, but there is a need for innovative medications that selectively target components of inflammation. A review of recent randomized controlled trials identified 16 classes of novel therapeutic options, with lung function being the main assessed outcome. Promising disease-modifying agents, particularly biologics, are being studied, but further research is needed to confirm positive results from Phase I and II trials.
Article
Neurosciences
Larissa S. Heuberger, Susanna Gobbi, Susanna C. Weber, Gwendolyn Graf, Philippe N. Tobler, Lori Asarian, Nori Geary, Mareike Roth, Brigitte Leeners
Summary: This study investigated the effects of body mass index (BMI), menstrual cycle phase, and taste on the monetary valuation of snack foods. The results showed that BMI, cycle phase, and taste interacted to influence willingness to pay (WTP). The effect of cycle phase on salty snacks was observed only in participants with healthy weight. These findings are important for understanding and treating obesity in women.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Libby Daniells, Pavel Mozgunov, Alun Bedding, Thomas Jaki
Summary: Recent innovation in trial design has led to the development of basket trials, where a single treatment is tested on different patient populations. Bayesian information borrowing methods can improve the estimation of response rate by utilizing the shared genetic marker. This article reviews and compares several Bayesian borrowing methods and proposes a modification to better control for error rates.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)