Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyuk-Jun Yoon, Won Pill Jung, Young Sil Min, Fanxue Jin, Joon Seok Bang, Uy Dong Sohn, Hyun Dong Je
Summary: The study investigated the influence of galangin on vascular contractibility and found that it inhibits vasoconstriction through repression of the RhoA/ROCK/CPI-17 signaling pathway. Galangin induces relaxation by promoting myosin phosphatase reactivation and calcium desensitization in vascular smooth muscle.
BIOMOLECULES & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroshi Senoo, Daisuke Murata, May Wai, Kenta Arai, Wakiko Iwata, Hiromi Sesaki, Miho Iijima
Summary: AKT, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a crucial role in metabolism, cell growth, and cytoskeletal dynamics, and is activated by PDK1 and mTORC2. Research has uncovered that insulin activates mTORC2 towards AKT by forming a supercomplex KARATE with KRAS4B and RHOA GTPases, revealing a fundamental mechanism in insulin-regulated glucose homeostasis.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lianxin Li, Jinge Xin, Hesong Wang, Yadong Wang, Weiqi Peng, Ning Sun, Haonan Huang, Yanxi Zhou, Xingmei Liu, Yu Lin, Jing Fang, Bo Jing, Kangcheng Pan, Yan Zeng, Dong Zeng, Xiang Qin, Yang Bai, Xueqin Ni
Summary: Fluoride is a common contaminant that poses challenges to animal and human health. This study investigates the role of the cytoskeleton in fluoride-induced barrier dysfunction and provides potential therapeutic targets for fluoride-induced intestinal injury.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mutsuki Amano, Yoko Kanazawa, Kei Kozawa, Kozo Kaibuchi
Summary: This study analyzed the interaction between Rho-kinase and MYPT1 and found that three short regions of MYPT1 close to the phosphorylation sites are crucial for the interaction with Rho-kinase. The phosphorylation levels of MYPT1 without these regions were reduced and only affected neighboring phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, the combination of pseudosubstrate (PS) and docking motifs (DMs) of MYPT1 was found to be a potent inhibitor of Rho-kinase.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
RuoLan Cai, YangYang Wang, ZhenTing Huang, Qian Zou, YinShuang Pu, Changyin Yu, Zhiyou Cai
Summary: ROCK activation can promote the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease and may involve a positive feedback loop between Aβ and ROCK. Additionally, ROCK can also promote the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kinga Duszyc, Guillermo A. Gomez, Anne K. Lagendijk, Mei-Kwan Yau, Bageshri Naimish Nanavati, Briony L. Gliddon, Thomas E. Hall, Suzie Verma, Benjamin M. Hogan, Stuart M. Pitson, David P. Fairlie, Robert G. Parton, Alpha S. Yap
Summary: Extrusion is the primary response to apoptosis in epithelial cells, involving E-cadherin and RhoA signaling pathways. Mechanical tension-sensitive mechanotransduction activates RhoA specifically in neighboring cells of apoptotic cells, with S1P also playing a crucial role in the process.
Article
Oncology
Fan Wu, Hui Li, Heng Zhang, Yusheng Liao, Huanping Ren, Jie Wu, Dan Zheng
Summary: In a D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF model, TNF-alpha and IL-6 signaling may increase MLCK and ROCK expression levels, further mediate phosphorylation of MLC, resulting in tight junction dysregulation and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Masaaki Ito, Ryuji Okamoto, Hiromasa Ito, Ye Zhe, Kaoru Dohi
Summary: Regulation of muscle contraction is essential in the cardiovascular system, with the interaction between myosin and actin filaments being a common mechanism. The phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain plays a crucial role in smooth muscle contraction, while in cardiac muscle, troponin C is the primary target protein for Ca2+ with RLC phosphorylation also modulating contraction. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the regulatory role of RLC phosphorylation in smooth and cardiac muscles.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Zeina Harhous, Wissam H. Faour, Nabil El Zein
Summary: The study revealed that VIP induced activation of phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK1/2 levels in macrophages in a GTP-RhoA-GTPase-dependent manner. VIP also increased intracellular release of H2O2 and calcium through PLC and GTP-RhoA-GTPase, and induced the expression of CD11b, CD35, CD66, and MMP9. Furthermore, VIP activated P38 MAPK through the cAMP/PKA pathway but independently of PLC and RhoA signaling, with these effects mediated via the FPRL1 receptor.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaoqi Han, Siyuan Jiang, Yinmin Gu, Lihua Ding, Enhao Zhao, Dongxing Cao, Xiaodong Wang, Ya Wen, Yongbo Pan, Xin Yan, Liqiang Duan, Minxuan Sun, Tao Zhou, Yajuan Liu, Hongbo Hu, Qinong Ye, Shan Gao
Summary: In this study, it was found that HUNK inhibits EMT and metastasis of CRC cells through its kinase-dependent interaction with GEF-H1. HUNK directly phosphorylates GEF-H1 at serine 645, leading to activation of RhoA and subsequent phosphorylation of LIMK-1/CFL-1, resulting in stabilization of F-actin and inhibition of EMT. Clinically, decreased levels of HUNK expression and phosphorylation of GEF-H1 at serine 645 were observed in CRC tissues with metastasis, indicating their potential as biomarkers for metastasis.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Olmo Martin-Camara, Angel Cores, Pilar Lopez-Alvarado, J. Carlos Menendez
Summary: The morphology of synaptic spines is controlled by Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA, with RhoA/ROCK playing a crucial role in stabilizing actin formation and preventing the generation of new protrusions. The RhoA/ROCK pathway influences plasticity processes and is implicated in various brain-related pathologies, highlighting its importance in drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael Hauke, Robert Eckenstaler, Anne Ripperger, Anna Ender, Heike Braun, Ralf A. Benndorf
Summary: This study demonstrates that increased RhoA activity has the potential to trigger endothelial dysfunction and anti-angiogenic effects independently of its well-known downstream effectors ROCK and LIMK.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Asfia Soomro, Jackie Trink, Kian O'Neil, Renzhong Li, Safaa Naiel, Bo Gao, Kjetil Ask, Joan C. Krepinsky
Summary: This study identifies two novel activators of RhoA/ROCK signaling in diabetic kidneys, activins and cell-surface GRP78, which promote fibrosis and disease progression. Inhibiting these factors may offer a potential strategy for attenuating DKD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yongtao Yang, Lianyong Li, Huan He, Mengyang Shi, Lanying He, Shuwen Liang, Jun Qi, Weiqing Chen
Summary: Numb regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Its expression is correlated with prognosis and provides a new theoretical molecular basis for understanding the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuka Terada, Katsutoshi Yayama
Summary: The study revealed that Ang II induces vasoconstriction in pressure-overloaded rat thoracic aortas through activation of Rho kinase and involvement of EGFR, Erk1/2, and JAK2. Additionally, the increased protein levels of MYPT1 and JAK2 in thoracic aortas of pressure-overloaded rats may contribute to the enhanced Ang II-induced contraction.