Review
Immunology
Gehendra Mahara, Cuihong Tian, Xiaojia Xu, Jinxiu Zhu
Summary: With the emergence of modern medicine in the 20th century, glycan-based therapies have made significant advancements. DNA- and protein-centered therapies have become widely accessible. The research and development of structurally defined carbohydrates have led to new tools and methods, sparking interest in the therapeutic applications of glycans.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoqing Peng, Tingjun Zhang, Oliver W. Frauenfeld, Cuicui Mu, Kang Wang, Xiaodong Wu, Donglin Guo, Jing Luo, Jan Hjort, Juha Aalto, Olli Karjalainen, Miska Luoto
Summary: Permafrost warming leads to greenhouse gas release, resulting in positive feedback to climate change. Earth system models suggest that the near-surface permafrost may largely disappear by the end of this century, but with high uncertainty. This study applies the Stefan solution to estimate permafrost degradation under future emission scenarios, finding that the extent of near-surface permafrost degradation is lower than model projections.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Medicinal
Bruno C. Hancock, David J. Goldfarb
Summary: The performance of pharmaceutical dosage forms depends heavily on the properties of the excipients used in the manufacturing process. Current approaches to describing excipients are outdated and inadequate. This article emphasizes the benefits of a more systematic and comprehensive approach to specifying and controlling excipient properties, urging users, suppliers, and manufacturers to reconsider current methods and propose tangible improvements.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Ronald Amundson
Summary: The book "Factors of Soil Formation" is a significant work that translated the concept of soil forming factors into a quantitative scientific framework. It explores the energy and mass fluxes within the soil system, inspired by thermodynamics. It provides an important lens to examine academic and societally relevant issues in the 21st century, with a critical emphasis on the impact of human activities on soil systems.
Review
Ecology
Olga Solomina, Vladimir Matskovsky
Summary: This review focuses on the climatic sensitivity of living trees in European Russia, tree-ring analyses, dendrochronological dating of archeological samples, climatic reconstructions, and dendroecology. Problems and prospects of tree-ring research in European Russia are also briefly summarized.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Allergy
A. Vega, T-W Jimenez-Rodriguez, R. Barranco, J. Bartra, M. C. Dieguez, I Dona, M. Fernandez-Rivas, M. Gandolfo-Cano, G. Gastaminza-Lasarte, E. Gonzalez-Mancebo, B. de la Hoz Caballer, L. Sanchez-Morillas, M. J. Torres, M. P. Berges-Gimeno, R. Munoz-Cano
Summary: Rapid drug desensitization has enabled first-line therapies for patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions, including monoclonal antibodies. It is a safe and highly effective procedure for both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated reactions, with low likelihood of breakthrough reactions. In this review, emphasis is placed on desensitization procedure for chemotherapeutic drugs and monoclonal antibodies.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIONAL ALLERGOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Andrew J. Hryckowian
Summary: The article discusses the impacts of microbiomes on human biology and the limitations of current microbiome management methods, proposing the use of diet and bacteriophages as new approaches. These methods may have positive effects on restoring a healthy microbiome, but there are still many unknowns regarding long-term treatment outcomes and mechanisms.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yingying Cui, Fenping Wang
Summary: Since the 21st century, art therapy has made great progress and development in China's education, particularly in the field of special education and individual mental health education. Group painting therapy and mandala painting therapy are areas that require further research and attention.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Carla Ng, Ian T. Cousins, Jamie C. DeWitt, Juliane Gluge, Gretta Goldenman, Dorte Herzke, Rainer Lohmann, Mark Miller, Sharyle Patton, Martin Scheringer, Xenia Trier, Zhanyun Wang
Summary: Six urgent questions related to PFAS, including global production volumes, unknown hotspots, measurement methods, waste management, health impacts, and cost allocation, must be addressed. Collaboration between scientific, regulatory communities, and PFAS-related industries is needed to fill data gaps and protect human health and the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Allergy
Arianna Cafarotti, Mattia Giovannini, Philippe Begin, Helen A. Brough, Stefania Arasi
Summary: The research in the field of food allergy in the 21st century has led to significant changes in clinical approach, including recommendations for allergen immunotherapy and biologics treatment. Efforts have been made to standardize the risk stratification and assessment of food-allergic severity. Alternative routes of epinephrine administration are being investigated to minimize mechanical issues and fear of injections. Development of personalized care, with reliable biomarkers and standardized measurement approaches, is crucial in minimizing the burden of food allergy.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bo Kyeong Yoon, Hyunhyuk Tae, Joshua A. Jackman, Supratik Guha, Cherie R. Kagan, Andrew J. Margenot, Diane L. Rowland, Paul S. Weiss, Nam-Joon Cho
Summary: Agricultural innovation plays a key role in enhancing food security, health, and nutrition globally, and efforts should focus on supporting farmer participation in decision-making and cultivating entrepreneurial-minded farmers to drive cross-sector agricultural innovation.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
James A. Covington, Santiago Marco, Krishna C. Persaud, Susan S. Schiffman, H. Troy Nagle
Summary: The human olfactory system is difficult to replicate and poses challenges for real-time detection and analysis of odors. Artificial olfaction has stimulated interdisciplinary research and commercial development for various applications. Engineers and scientists have been working on solving odor measurement and control problems over the past century.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Michal Fishel Bartal, Baha M. Sibai
Summary: The incidence of eclampsia is higher in developing countries compared to developed countries, which may be attributed to differences in access to prenatal care, detection methods, timely delivery, and healthcare resources. Clear protocols and measures are required to prevent and manage eclampsia for better maternal and neonatal outcomes. Lack of experience in managing eclampsia is a challenge in obstetrical providers and maternity units in developed countries. Eclampsia is associated with increased risks of maternal mortality, morbidity, and long-term cardiovascular and cognitive difficulties.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Development Studies
Nithya Natarajan, Andrew Newsham, Jonathan Rigg, Diana Suhardiman
Summary: This paper proposes a reformulation of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) fit for the 21st century, and summarizes the problems of the existing framework and the key shifts in the global development landscape of the 21st century. It presents a structural, dynamic, and ecologically-coherent framework for rural livelihoods.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nitesh Sanghai, Kashfia Shafiq, Geoffrey K. Tranmer
Summary: Global scientists are working tirelessly to find the best solution to treat COVID-19, resorting to drug repurposing methods with existing approved drugs, as there is currently no single drug approved by the FDA for treating SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19.
MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)