Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hamza El Hadi, Anne Freund, Steffen Desch, Holger Thiele, Nicolas Majunke
Summary: Cardiomyopathies are a diverse group of heart muscle disorders with potentially fatal consequences such as arrhythmias and heart failure. They are a leading cause of heart transplantation worldwide. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular basis and diagnostic evaluation have paved the way for targeted therapies. However, further research is needed to improve risk assessment and prevention strategies for sudden cardiac death.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
A. J. Marian
Summary: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and may lead to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding myocardial protein constituents, especially MYH7 and MYBPC3 genes, are the main causes of HCM. Advances in genetic testing and drug development have improved the therapeutic prospects for HCM.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catalina Garcia-Vielma, Luis Gerardo Lazalde-Cordova, Jose Cruz Arzola-Hernandez, Erick Noel Gonzalez-Aceves, Herminio Lopez-Zertuche, Nancy Elena Guzman-Delgado, Francisco Gonzalez-Salazar
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants in Mexican patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Next-generation sequencing was performed on a panel of 168 genes associated with heart disease and sudden death. The study identified twelve pathogenic or probably pathogenic variants, including five that were not previously reported in public databases.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Gabrielle Norrish, Ella Field, Juan P. Kaski
Summary: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, caused by sarcomeric protein gene variants, is a common cause of childhood cardiomyopathy with good short-term outcomes but high long-term morbidity and mortality risks. Management focuses on symptom relief and complication prevention, but potential disease-modifying therapies offer promise for improving outcomes in young patients.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gabrielle Norrish, Cristian Topriceanu, Chen Qu, Ella Field, Helen Walsh, Lidia Ziolkowska, Iacopo Olivotto, Silvia Passantino, Silvia Favilli, Aris Anastasakis, Vasiliki Vlagkouli, Robert Weintraub, Ingrid King, Elena Biagini, Luca Ragni, Terrence Prendiville, Sophie Duignan, Karen McLeod, Maria Ilina, Adrian Fernandez, Regina Bokenkamp, Anwar Baban, Fabrizio Drago, Peter Kubus, Piers E. F. Daubeney, Sian Chivers, Georgia Sarquella-Brugada, Sergi Cesar, Chiara Marrone, Constancio Medrano, Reyes Alvarez Garcia-Roves, Orhan Uzun, Ferran Gran, Fernandez J. Castro, Juan R. Gimeno, Roberto Barriales-Villa, Fernando Rueda, Satish Adwani, Jonathan Searle, Tara Bharucha, Ana Siles, Ana Usano, Torsten B. Rasmussen, Caroline B. Jones, Toru Kubo, Jens Mogensen, Zdenka Reinhardt, Elena Cervi, Perry M. Elliott, Rumana Z. Omar, Juan P. Kaski
Summary: This study aimed to describe the ECG phenotype of childhood HCM in a large, international, multi-centre cohort and investigate its role in risk prediction for arrhythmic events. The results showed that ECG abnormalities were common in childhood HCM, but none of them were associated with 5-year arrhythmic events, suggesting limited role of baseline ECG phenotype in improving risk stratification in childhood HCM.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Giuseppe Mascia, Iacopo Olivotto, Josep Brugada, Elena Arbelo, Paolo Di Donna, Roberta Della Bona, Marco Canepa, Italo Porto
Summary: In the past, sport and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were thought to be incompatible, but recent studies suggest that certain low-risk HCM patients may be able to participate in some sports. The research analyzes the complex interaction between vigorous exercise and HCM, discussing the challenges and limitations of personalized exercise schedules for HCM patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Linda Koshy, Sanjay Ganapathi, Panniyammakal Jeemon, M. Madhuma, Y. Vysakh, L. R. Lakshmikanth, Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan
Summary: This study aimed to determine the role of sarcomere protein encoding variants associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) among Indian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The study found that certain pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were associated with SCD in Indian patients. Evidence from functional studies and familial segregation suggested a mechanistic role of these variants in HCM pathology. The study compiled all reported pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants among Indian patients and established a freely accessible genetic database for clinicians and researchers.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sanjay Sivalokanathan
Summary: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disorder, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has emerged as the gold standard imaging modality for assessing and prognosticating HCM due to its higher image quality, spatial resolution, and ability to identify morphological variants. CMR is crucial in the management and prognostication of HCM.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gherardo Finocchiaro, Nabeel Sheikh, Ornella Leone, Joe Westaby, Francesco Mazzarotto, Antonis Pantazis, Cecilia Ferrantini, Leonardo Sacconi, Michael Papadakis, Sanjay Sharma, Mary N. Sheppard, Iacopo Olivotto
Summary: Myocardial disarray is characterized by disorganized spatial distribution of cardiomyocytes, without physiological fiber alignment. While initially thought to be specific to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, recent studies suggest disarray may be present in other cardiac conditions. Further research is needed to determine the diagnostic value and clinical significance of disarray in HCM.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chao-Jie He, Chang-Lin Zhai, Shao-Dai Huang, Hong-Yan Fan, Ye-Zhou Qian, Chun-Yan Zhu, Hui-Lin Hu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety symptoms and adverse prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The study found that anxiety was prevalent among Chinese patients with HCM and was independently associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac death and HCM-related heart failure events, particularly when comorbid with depression. Therefore, psychological assessment and intervention should be considered to alleviate anxiety symptoms in this population.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Soren K. Nielsen, Frederikke G. Hansen, Torsten B. Rasmussen, Thomas Fischer, Jens F. Lassen, Trine Madsen, Dorthe S. Moller, Ib C. Klausen, John B. Brodersen, Morten S. K. Jensen, Jens Mogensen
Summary: Family screening of relatives of HCM index patients with a normal genetic investigation revealed a small number of affected relatives with a favorable prognosis.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tomaz Podlesnikar, Nuno Cardim, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Antonello D'Andrea, Matteo Cameli, Bogdan A. Popescu, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Ivan Stankovic, Janez Toplisek, Gerald Maurer, Kristina H. Haugaa, Marc R. Dweck
Summary: This study investigated the current practice for the assessment and management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) globally. Most centers followed European guidelines and recommendations, but the importance of bedside provocation manoeuvres and exercise stress echocardiography needs to be emphasized. The use of additional risk markers may indicate the need for an update of current European recommendations.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gabrielle Norrish, Chen Qu, Ella Field, Elena Cervi, Diala Khraiche, Sabine Klaassen, Tiina H. Ojala, Gianfranco Sinagra, Hirokuni Yamazawa, Chiara Marrone, Anca Popoiu, Fernando Centeno, Sylvie Schouvey, Iacopo Olivotto, Sharlene M. Day, Steve Colan, Joseph Rossano, Samuel G. Wittekind, Sara Saberi, Mark Russell, Adam Helms, Jodie Ingles, Christopher Semsarian, Perry M. Elliott, Carolyn Y. Ho, Rumana Z. Omar, Juan P. Kaski
Summary: This study conducted the first external validation of the HCM Risk-Kids model in a large and geographically diverse patient population. A 5-year predicted risk of >= 6% identified over 70% of events, confirming the model's ability to provide individualized risk predictions and shared decision-making in children with HCM.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Barry J. Maron, Milind Y. Desai, Rick A. Nishimura, Paolo Spirito, Harry Rakowski, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Joseph A. Dearani, Ethan J. Rowin, Martin S. Maron, Mark Sherrid
Summary: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a common and often inherited primary cardiac disease, can be effectively treated with various options that significantly improve patient outcomes. Innovations in risk stratification, surgical intervention, anticoagulation prophylaxis, and ablation techniques have reduced morbidity and mortality rates. Palliative pharmacological strategies can control symptoms in the short-term, but have limited impact on long-term clinical course.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pietro Francia, Iacopo Olivotto, Pier D. Lambiase, Camillo Autore
Summary: Choosing the right ICD for patients with HCM is crucial, as overly complex devices may increase the risk of complications. Young patients stand to gain the most from ICD therapy but also face higher risks, necessitating careful consideration in device selection.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Luis R. Lopes, Maria-Angela Losi, Nabeel Sheikh, Cecile Laroche, Philippe Charron, Juan Gimeno, Juan P. Kaski, Aldo P. Maggioni, Luigi Tavazzi, Eloisa Arbustini, Dulce Brito, Jelena Celutkiene, Albert Hagege, Ales Linhart, Jens Mogensen, Jose Manuel Garcia-Pinilla, Tomas Ripoll-Vera, Hubert Seggewiss, Eduardo Villacorta, Alida Caforio, Perry M. Elliott
Summary: Common cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, suggesting the need for proactive management. There is an interaction between genotype and cardiovascular risk factors in certain traits.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-QUALITY OF CARE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Matthew T. Wheeler, Iacopo Olivotto, Perry M. Elliott, Sara Saberi, Anjali T. Owens, Mathew S. Maurer, Ahmad Masri, Amy J. Sehnert, Jay M. Edelberg, Yu-Mao Chen, Victoria Florea, Rajeev Malhotra, Andrew Wang, Artur Oreziak, Jonathan Myers
Summary: Mavacamten improves peak oxygen uptake in patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This study investigates the effect of mavacamten on exercise physiology using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). The results show significant improvements in peak-exercise CPET parameters, as well as nonpeak-exercise CPET parameters, with mavacamten compared to placebo.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Perry Elliott, Brian M. Drachman, Stephen S. Gottlieb, James E. Hoffman, Scott L. Hummel, Daniel J. Lenihan, Ben Ebede, Balarama Gundapaneni, Benjamin Li, Marla B. Sultan, Sanjiv J. Shah
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Emanuele Monda, Juan Pablo Kaski, Giuseppe Limongelli
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Claire M. Lawley, Juan Pablo Kaski
Summary: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a significant cause of illness and death in children. Most cases are caused by gene variants in the cardiac sarcomere components, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Recent studies have shown that phenotypic expression of HCM can occur in young children, highlighting the need for clinical screening and genetic testing in pediatric relatives. The multidisciplinary care of HCM-affected children and families relies on genomics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lia Crotti, Carla Spazzolini, Mette Nyegaard, Michael T. Overgaard, Maria-Christina Kotta, Federica Dagradi, Luca Sala, Takeshi Aiba, Mark D. Ayers, Anwar Baban, Julien Barc, Cheyenne M. Beach, Elijah R. Behr, J. Martijn Bos, Marina Cerrone, Peter Covi, Bettina Cuneo, Isabelle Denjoy, Birgit Donner, Adrienne Elbert, Hakan Eliasson, Susan P. Etheridge, Megumi Fukuyama, Francesca Girolami, Robert Hamilton, Minoru Horie, Maria Iascone, Juan Jimenez Jaimez, Henrik Kjaerulf Jensen, Prince J. Kannankeril, Juan P. Kaski, Naomasa Makita, Carmen Munoz-Esparza, Hans H. Odland, Seiko Ohno, John Papagiannis, Alessandra Pia Porretta, Christopher Prandstetter, Vincent Probst, Tomas Robyns, Eric Rosenthal, Ferran Roses-Noguer, Nicole Sekarski, Anoop Singh, Georgia Spentzou, Fridrike Stute, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Jan Till, Kathryn E. Tobert, Jeffrey M. Vinocur, Gregory Webster, Arthur A. M. Wilde, Cordula M. Wolf, Michael J. Ackerman, Peter J. Schwartz
Summary: The International Calmodulinopathy Registry (ICalmR) is an international collaborative study that aims to understand the clinical manifestations and molecular mechanisms of calmodulinopathy caused by CALM gene mutations. The registry has enrolled 140 patients, mainly presenting with CALM-LQTS and CALM-CPVT, with some patients also exhibiting neurological symptoms. The study shows a reduced frequency and severity of cardiac events in recent years.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Elena Arbelo, Alexandros Protonotarios, Juan R. Gimeno, Eloisa Arbustini, Roberto Barriales-Villa, Cristina Basso, Connie R. Bezzina, Elena Biagini, Nico A. Blom, Rudolf A. de Boer, Tim De Winter, Perry M. Elliott, Marcus Flather, Pablo Garcia-Pavia, Kristina H. Haugaa, Jodie Ingles, Ruxandra Oana Jurcut, Sabine Klaassen, Giuseppe Limongelli, Bart Loeys, Jens Mogensen, Iacopo Olivotto, Antonis Pantazis, Sanjay Sharma, J. Peter Van Tintelen, James S. Ware, Juan Pablo Kaski
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Perry Elliott, Balarama Gundapaneni, Pablo Garcia-Pavia
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sayed Al-Aidarous, Alexandros Protonotarios, Perry M. Elliott, Pier D. Lambiase
Summary: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a disease characterized by myocardial fibrofatty replacement due to specific mutations, resulting in ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Treating this condition is challenging due to fibrosis progression, phenotypic variations, and limited clinical trials. While beta-blockers are theoretically effective, their efficacy in reducing arrhythmic risk is not strong. Emerging evidence suggests that combining flecainide and bisoprolol may be effective. Radiofrequency ablation and stereotactic radiotherapy show potential in disrupting ventricular circuits and modifying myocardial fibrosis. Future therapies, such as adenoviruses and GSk3b modulation, are still in early-stage research. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation reduces arrhythmic death but comes with risks.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Juan Pablo Kaski, Gabrielle Norrish
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kimberly N. Hong, Emily A. Eshraghian, Michael Arad, Alessia Argiro, Michela Brambatti, Quan Bui, Oren Caspi, Fernando de Frutos, Barry Greenberg, Carolyn Y. Ho, Juan Pablo Kaski, Iacopo Olivotto, Matthew R. G. Taylor, Abigail Yesso, Pablo Garcia-Pavia, Eric D. Adler
Summary: Danon disease is a rare genetic cardiomyopathy characterized by severe heart failure and various extracardiac symptoms. It is caused by loss of function variants in the LAMP2 gene and often leads to early mortality from heart failure or arrhythmia.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gabrielle Norrish, Vidthya Kadirrajah, Ella Field, Kathleen Dady, Jennifer Tollit, Karen McLeod, Ruth McGowan, Elena Cervi, Juan Pablo Kaski
CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alberto Aimo, Agnese Milandri, Andrea Barison, Andrea Pezzato, Paolo Morfino, Giuseppe Vergaro, Marco Merlo, Alessia Argiro, Iacopo Olivotto, Michele Emdin, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Gianfranco Sinagra, Perry Elliott, Claudio Rapezzi
Summary: Abnormalities in impulse generation and transmission are early signs of cardiac remodeling in cardiomyopathies, which can be detected by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Some findings suggest specific disorders, while others can orient towards a specific diagnosis in patients with specific phenotypes.
HEART FAILURE REVIEWS
(2023)