Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anca Bojan, Andrada Parvu, Iulia-Andrea Zsoldos, Tunde Torok, Anca Daniela Farcas
Summary: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe inflammatory syndrome that is often misdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment and potential life-threatening consequences. Understanding and establishing early diagnostic criteria for MAS is crucial in reducing mortality rates associated with this condition.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jung Won Kwon, Hailian Quan, Juha Song, Hyewon Chung, Daun Jung, Jung Joo Hong, Yi Rang Na, Seung Hyeok Seok
Summary: This study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of liposomal dexamethasone in controlling the symptoms and reducing the death rate of influenza virus infection. The treatment can reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the number of infiltrated immune cells.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amandine Bichon, Jeremy Bourenne, Jerome Allardet-Servent, Laurent Papazian, Sami Hraiech, Christophe Guervilly, Vanessa Pauly, Gilles Kaplanski, Djamel Mokart, Marc Gainnier, Julien Carvelli
Summary: In critically ill patients with adult HLH in the ICU, the mortality rate is high at 57%. Independent factors associated with prognosis include age, presence of hemophagocytosis in bone-marrow aspirates, organ failure at admission, and worsening organ failure during the ICU stay.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liang Zhang, Yao Jiang, Jinhang He, Junyu Chen, Ruoyao Qi, Lunzhi Yuan, Tiange Shao, Hui Zhao, Congjie Chen, Yaode Chen, Xijing Wang, Xing Lei, Qingxiang Gao, Chunlan Zhuang, Ming Zhou, Jian Ma, Wei Liu, Man Yang, Rao Fu, Yangtao Wu, Feng Chen, Hualong Xiong, Meifeng Nie, Yiyi Chen, Kun Wu, Mujin Fang, Yingbin Wang, Zizheng Zheng, Shoujie Huang, Shengxiang Ge, Shih Chin Cheng, Huachen Zhu, Tong Cheng, Quan Yuan, Ting Wu, Jun Zhang, Yixin Chen, Tianying Zhang, Changgui Li, Hai Qi, Yi Guan, Ningshao Xia
Summary: This study investigates the immune responses induced by an NS1-deleted influenza virus vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine (dNS1-RBD) in hamsters, which provides broad-spectrum protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Intranasal delivery of dNS1-RBD induces innate immunity, trained immunity, and tissue-resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract. The vaccine reduces the inflammatory response and tissue injury by suppressing viral load and cytokine levels post SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
David R. Collins, Julia Hitschfel, Jonathan M. Urbach, Geetha H. Mylvaganam, Ngoc L. Ly, Umar Arshad, Zachary J. Racenet, Adrienne G. Yanez, Thomas J. Diefenbach, Bruce D. Walker
Summary: Follicular CD8(+) T cells in lymph nodes play a surveillance role against lymphotropic infections and cancers. The mechanisms by which these cells mediate immune control are not fully understood. In individuals who control HIV without medications, LN-resident virus-specific CD8(+) T cells have distinct functionality, clonotypic overlap with peripheral cells, and gene signatures associated with inflammation and effector function. HIV controllers have elevated levels of cytotoxic effectors in follicular CD8(+) T cells proximate to foci of HIV RNA in germinal centers, supporting cytolytic control of lymphotropic infection.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Roberto Caricchio, Marcello Gallucci, Chandra Dass, Xinyan Zhang, Stefania Gallucci, David Fleece, Michael Bromberg, Gerard J. Criner
Summary: Researchers developed predictive criteria for COVID-19-associated cytokine storm (CS) and proposed new early predictive criteria to identify CS occurring in patients with COVID-19, which can determine the need for early therapeutic regimen and potentially reduce mortality.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Emely L. Verweyen, Grant S. Schulert
Summary: Systemic JIA (SJIA) is characterized by severe complications, including macrophage activation syndrome (SJIA-MAS) and lung disease (SJIA-LD), which are driven by interferons (IFNs) and involve the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. New therapeutic advances, such as JAK inhibitors and antibodies targeting IFNs, are urgently needed to address the divergent disease pathogenesis observed in SJIA.
Article
Immunology
Jose Alberto Choreno-Parra, Luis Armando Jimenez-Alvarez, Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas, Tatiana Sofia Rodriguez-Reyna, Gustavo Ramirez-Martinez, Montserrat Sandoval-Vega, Diana Lizzeth Hernandez-Garcia, Eduardo M. Choreno-Parra, Yalbi I. Balderas-Martinez, Mariana Esther Martinez-Sanchez, Eduardo Marquez-Garcia, Edda Sciutto, Jose Moreno-Rodriguez, Jose Omar Barreto-Rodriguez, Hazel Vazquez-Rojas, Gustavo Ivan Centeno-Saenz, Nestor Alvarado-Pena, Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara, Carlos Sanchez-Garibay, David Galeana-Cadena, Gabriela Hernandez, Criselda Mendoza-Milla, Andrea Dominguez, Julio Granados, Lula Mena-Hernandez, Luis Angel Perez-Buenfil, Guillermo Dominguez-Cheritt, Carlos Cabello-Gutierrez, Cesar Luna-Rivero, Jorge Salas-Hernandez, Patricio Santillan-Doherty, Justino Regalado, Angelica Hernandez-Martinez, Lorena Orozco, Federico Avila-Moreno, Ethel A. Garcia-Latorre, Carmen M. Hernandez-Cardenas, Shabaana A. Khader, Albert Zlotnik, Joaquin Zuniga
Summary: By comparing patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1), it was found that influenza patients had more severe respiratory symptoms, while COVID-19 patients more often experienced dry cough and gastrointestinal symptoms. The immune responses also differed between the two diseases, with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) characterized by higher levels of certain cytokines and COVID-19 displaying a distinct immune profile with increased Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Francesca Miselli, Maria Vincenza Mastrolia, Gabriele Simonini, Sandra Trapani, Giovanni Battista Calabri
Summary: Among 365 children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease, only 5 (1.4%) had splenomegaly, with 2 of them complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and 3 ultimately diagnosed with alternative systemic illness. Splenomegaly is an atypical manifestation in Kawasaki disease and may indicate underlying complications such as macrophage activation syndrome or other diagnoses.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chengcheng Liu, Xin Bing, Wenwen Qi, Fangyuan Zhu, Chengzhilin Li, Xiaochen Gao, Miaoqing Zhao, Ming Xia
Summary: In this study, it was found that H1N1 virus can induce ferroptosis of hNECs through the NRF2-KEAP1-GCLC signaling pathway and glutaminolysis, leading to nasal mucosal epithelial inflammation. This discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for viral-induced nasal inflammation.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eliza I. Pope, Hosanna Au, Deborah M. Levy, Ruud H. J. Verstegen
Summary: Drug-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare but severe condition. This article presents a case of a 7-year-old girl who developed hemophagocytosis secondary to drug reaction caused by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Said Benlamkaddem, Djoudline Doughmi, Imane Tlamcani, Mohamed Adnane Berdai, Mustapha Harandou
Summary: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare but potentially fatal disease characterized by hyperinflammation and immune cell activation. It can progress to multiorgan failure, mimicking sepsis. We report the case of an 8-year-old girl with MAS following a major trauma, who responded well to corticosteroid therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yuanzheng Zheng, Saihua Huang, Jialing Zhang, Jia Hou, Fang Wu, Wenji Wang, Xiao Han, Yonghao Gui
Summary: This study revealed that melatonin protects vascular endothelial cells in KD by suppressing cell apoptosis in an autophagy-dependent manner and reducing the immunopathological damage mediated by macrophages.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2022)
Article
Virology
Alperen Aksakal, Bugra Kerget, Ferhan Kerget, Seda Askin
Summary: The study revealed the correlation between serum migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level and disease severity in COVID-19, with higher MIF levels potentially indicating a more severe condition. MIF levels can serve as an important predictive indicator for early disease prognosis in COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chao-Hui Dai, Zhong-Cheng Gao, Jin-Hua Cheng, Li Yang, Zheng-Chang Wu, Sheng-Long Wu, Wen-Bin Bao
Summary: This study revealed the expression profiles of miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in porcine alveolar macrophage cells infected with H1N1 and H3N2 swine influenza viruses. Two ceRNAs, TCONS_00166432-miR10391-MAN2A1 and novel_circ_0004733-miR10391-MAN2A1, were identified to regulate H1N1 and H3N2 infections. The study provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of 3D4/21 cells against swine influenza virus infection by reporting the ceRNA networks involved in the regulation of H1N1 and H3N2 infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Paul W. Harms, Monique E. Verhaegen, Kevin Hu, Steven M. Hrycaj, May P. Chan, Chia-Jen Liu, Marina Grachtchouk, Rajiv M. Patel, Aaron M. Udager, Andrzej A. Dlugosz
Summary: MCC and SCCIS show significant overlap in gene mutations, with no unique gene mutations found in all cases of MCC. Transcriptome analysis reveals large differences in gene expression between MCC and SCCIS, including epidermal markers and immune genes. Immunohistochemistry studies show increased expression of SOX2 in the MCC component.
Article
Dermatology
Jaclyn M. Plotzke, Nicholas A. Zoumberos, Steven M. Hrycaj, Paul W. Harms, Scott C. Bresler, May P. Chan
JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Melissa L. Mannion, Randy Q. Cron
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Steven M. Hrycaj, Julianne M. Szczepanski, Lili Zhao, Javed Siddiqui, Dafydd G. Thomas, David R. Lucas, Rajiv M. Patel, Paul W. Harms, Scott C. Bresler, May P. Chan
Summary: PRAME immunostain can aid in distinguishing spindle cell melanoma from other sarcomatoid neoplasms, but its use should be as part of an immunohistochemical panel rather than a standalone diagnostic marker.
Letter
Dermatology
Paul W. Harms, May P. Chan, Scott C. Bresler, Aleodor A. Andea, Alexandra C. Hristov, Douglas R. Fullen, Rajiv M. Patel, Lori Lowe
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Randy Q. Cron
Summary: In addition to the acute phase, a significant percentage of SARS-CoV-2 patients experience prolonged illness with varying symptoms. Longitudinal data collection on immunologic, inflammatory, and metabolic factors has allowed the development of a composite signature that can predict recovery.
Article
Pathology
Julianne M. Szczepanski, Javed Siddiqui, Rajiv M. Patel, Paul W. Harms, Steven M. Hrycaj, May P. Chan
Summary: SATB2 can serve as an immunohistochemical marker for osteoblastic differentiation. The expression of SATB2 was evaluated in different cutaneous sarcomatoid neoplasms, and it was found to be common in these tumors except for atypical fibroxanthomas. Strong staining and a high-positive h-score can improve the specificity of SATB2 in differentiating these tumors from osteosarcoma.
Article
Biology
Daniel D. Reiff, Mingce Zhang, Randy Q. Cron
Summary: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome characterized by uncontrolled inflammation and immune system activation. Primary HLH (pHLH) is caused by genetic mutations that lead to organ failure and can be fatal. Secondary HLH (sHLH) can be triggered by genetic mutations in certain genes. This study focused on the significance of a DOCK2 mutation in the pathogenesis of sHLH and its implications for diagnosis and treatment.
Article
Dermatology
Olabisi Afolayan-Oloye, Lili Zhao, Trilokraj Tejasvi, May P. Chan, Paul W. Harms, Douglas R. Fullen, Ryan A. Wilcox, Alexandra C. Hristov
Summary: This study investigated the expression of CD30 in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs) and correlated it with clinicopathological features. The results showed that CD30 was expressed in 35% of CBCL cases, with varying intensity and extent. CD30 expression was most common in primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) and associated with favorable clinical features. In cases with strong and diffuse expression, CD30 could potentially be a therapeutic target.
JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Pui Y. Lee, Randy Q. Cron
Summary: Cytokine storm syndromes (CSSs) are potentially fatal hyperinflammatory states characterized by persistent immune cell activation and excessive cytokine production. CSSs can be caused by genetic errors of immunity, infections, chronic inflammatory diseases, or malignancies. This review explores the biology of different types of CSSs, the involvement of immune pathways, the contribution of host genetics, and discusses treatment approaches.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Feiyang Ma, Olesya Plazyo, Allison C. C. Billi, Lam C. C. Tsoi, Xianying Xing, Rachael Wasikowski, Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani, Grace Hile, Yanyun Jiang, Paul W. W. Harms, Enze Xing, Joseph Kirma, Jingyue Xi, Jer-En Hsu, Mrinal K. K. Sarkar, Yutein Chung, Jeremy Di Domizio, Michel Gilliet, Nicole L. L. Ward, Emanual Maverakis, Eynav Klechevsky, John J. J. Voorhees, James T. T. Elder, Jun Hee Lee, J. Michelle Kahlenberg, Matteo Pellegrini, Robert L. L. Modlin, Johann E. E. Gudjonsson
Summary: Single cell and spatial transcriptomics can be used to investigate changes in Psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases during severity stages. The authors compared different inflammatory skin diseases and found differences in immune cells and inflammatory markers, with a particular focus on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The study revealed IL-36 dependent amplification of IL-17A and TNF inflammatory responses in psoriasis, occurring within the supraspinous layer of the skin. They also identified a subset of SFRP2(+) fibroblasts in psoriasis that contribute to immune network amplification through a pro-inflammatory state transition.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Daniel D. Reiff, Randy Q. Cron
Summary: Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a serious condition caused by severe systemic inflammation and immune activation. The use of cytokine-directed therapies, such as interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, has shown promising results in treating CSS in ECMO patients.
Article
Dermatology
Ahmed K. Alomari, Paul W. Harms, Aleodor A. Andea, Simon J. Warren
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics and features of melanocytic tumors driven by MAP2K1 in-frame deletions. The findings suggest that these tumors share similarities with Spitz tumors but are better classified along the conventional pathway. Furthermore, they have a high mutational burden and show ultraviolet radiation features, similar to tumors with BRAF V600E mutations.
JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Paul W. Harms, Timothy L. Frankel, Myrto Moutafi, Arvind Rao, David L. Rimm, Janis M. Taube, Dafydd Thomas, May P. Chan, Liron Pantanowitz
Summary: Our understanding of human disease has evolved greatly in recent decades, particularly in the areas of immunology and cancer treatment. Advances in digital pathology have opened new avenues for studying the tumor microenvironment. Traditional tissue-based evaluations are limited in their ability to analyze complex quantitative data and multiple biomarkers, making multiplex staining techniques a promising alternative.
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Daniel D. Reiff, Randy Q. Cron