Review
Infectious Diseases
Songhua Hu, Xudan Yang, Yaqin Huang, Zhihao Xu
Summary: Broncholithiasis coupled with Aspergillus infection is a rare disease with complex pathogenesis and non-specific clinical manifestations, often leading to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment. We present a rare case of asymptomatic broncholithiasis with Aspergillus infection and discuss its diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and follow-up. Our study, together with other relevant research, provides valuable insights for improving physicians' awareness and future management of these conditions.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Gemma L. Saravanos, Peter Hsu, David Isaacs, Kristine Macartney, Nicholas J. Wood, Philip N. Britton
Summary: This study estimated the frequency and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-attributable deaths in Australian children. The results showed that RSV-attributable deaths were infrequent and primarily occurred in children with medical comorbidity and RSV healthcare-associated infection. The study suggests prioritizing targeted prevention of RSV disease in children with medical comorbidity, especially those aged 2 years and older.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anastasios Smyrnaios, Kari Risnes, Sidsel Krokstad, Svein Arne Nordbo, Inger Heimdal, Andreas Christensen, Henrik Dollner
Summary: This study compared children with pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital controls to determine the contribution of respiratory viruses and bacteria. The presence of RSV, HMPV, and M. pneumoniae were most strongly associated with CAP. Increasing viral genomic loads of RSV and HMPV were also found to be positively associated with CAP risk.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Josefine Beck-Friis, Susannah Leach, Elmir Omerovic, Rickard Zeijlon, Magnus Gisslen, Aylin Yilmaz
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed patients with COVID-19 treated with chloroquine and those not treated. The results showed that short-term use of chloroquine did not increase the risk of cardiac injury or heart failure.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Victoria Leopardi, Yu-Mei Chang, Andrew Pham, Jie Luo, Oliver A. Garden
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the association of infectious agents with the onset of myasthenia gravis (MG), with a hypothesis that microbes play a pathogenic role in initiating MG. Among 827 papers screened, 42 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the infected patients with Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, and poliovirus showed the highest integrated metric of evidence (IME) values. The overall lack of evidence for a causal link between microbes and MG highlights the need for further mechanistic studies in this area.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Nicole Varble, Maxime Blain, Michael Kassin, Sheng Xu, Evrim B. Turkbey, Amel Amalou, Dilara Long, Stephanie Harmon, Thomas Sanford, Dong Yang, Ziyue Xu, Daguang Xu, Mona Flores, Peng An, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Hirofumi Obinata, Hitoshi Mori, Kaku Tamura, Ashkan A. Malayeri, Steven M. Holland, Tara Palmore, Kaiyuan Sun, Baris Turkbey, Bradford J. Wood
Summary: Research found that CT infiltrates in patients with SARS-CoV-2 predated symptoms in two-thirds of cases. Elevated body temperature and laboratory evaluations may help identify asymptomatic patients with CT infiltrates at the initial presentation, while the characteristics of CT infiltrates could aid in identifying asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients who later develop symptoms.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Linlin Cheng, Haoting Zhan, Yongmei Liu, Hua Chen, Fengchun Zhang, Wenjie Zheng, Yongzhe Li
Summary: This review summarizes the associations between Behcet’s disease (BD) and infectious agents, highlighting the microbial risk factors and their role in BD progression. The interaction between genetic and infectious risk factors is discussed, and evidence suggests that antibiotics may be effective therapy for BD. The limitations of current studies are also summarized, providing valuable insights and a basis for future research on BD pathogenic factors.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zaba Valtuille, Alain Lefevre-Utile, Naim Ouldali, Constance Beyler, Priscilla Boizeau, Cecile Dumaine, Arthur Felix, Zein Assad, Albert Faye, Isabelle Melki, Florentia Kaguelidou, Ulrich Meinzer
Summary: This study used a 13-year national hospitalisation database and found that approximately 35% of Kawasaki diseases may be attributed to seasonal infections.
Article
Immunology
Annika Eklundh, Samuel Rhedin, Malin Ryd-Rinder, Maria Andersson, Jesper Gantelius, Giulia Gaudenzi, Magnus Lindh, Ville Peltola, Matti Waris, Pontus Naucler, Andreas Martensson, Tobias Alfven
Summary: Immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has reduced the burden of community-acquired pneumonia in children and potentially changed the etiology of CAP. The majority of clinical CAP episodes in children were classified as viral etiology, with bacterial etiology being uncommon.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maja von Cube, Martin Schumacher, Jean Francois Timsit, Johan Decruyenaere, Johan Steen
Summary: This article introduces a method for defining and estimating PAF in time-to-event settings, and demonstrates how to reduce bias by using multi-state methodology and inverse probability weighting. The method is exemplarily applied to a real data set, showing its effectiveness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melodi Anahtar, Leslie W. Chan, Henry Ko, Aditya Rao, Ava P. Soleimany, Purvesh Khatri, Sangeeta N. Bhatia
Summary: This study developed a panel of nanosensors to detect the activity of pulmonary host proteases and differentiate between bacterial and viral pneumonia based on urinary readouts. Machine learning algorithms were used to train diagnostic classifiers for accurate diagnosis of infected mice.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Y. Mandelia, G. W. Procop, S. S. Richter, S. Worley, W. Liu, F. Esper
Summary: This study evaluated the dynamics of respiratory viral co-infections in children and adults, finding that co-infections are more common in children, especially those under the age of 5. Specific pairings of viral pathogens occurred at altered rates compared to predictions, suggesting potential direct or indirect interactions between specific viruses.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Josef Chudacek, Petr Spicka, Milan Kolar, Martin Stasek, Stefan Kolcun, Dusan Klos, Kristyna Hricova, Patrik Mlynarcik, Vendula Pudova, Olga Klementova, Rostislav Horacek
Summary: This study extends the existing knowledge of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) complicating secondary peritonitis by providing detailed microbiological characteristics, including the identification of isolated bacterial pathogens and their potential sources. The study emphasizes the importance of initial antibiotic therapy effective against enterobacteria, ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases producing strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis in patients with secondary peritonitis complicated by HAP. Monitoring the respiratory tract bacterial microflora in these patients is also highlighted as important.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chris Wilkes, Mohamed Bava, Hamish R. Graham, Trevor Duke
Summary: This review aimed to identify the most important risk factors for mortality among children aged under ten years with pneumonia. The results showed that hypoxemia, decreased conscious state, severe acute malnutrition, and the presence of an underlying chronic condition were strongly and consistently associated with increased mortality in children with pneumonia. Other important clinical factors included specific clinical signs and chronic comorbidities, as well as demographic factors such as age and inadequate immunisation.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Frank A. Scannapieco, Karen K. Giuliano, Dian Baker
Summary: Nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia has become an important preventable hospital-associated infection and a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection. Poor oral health is linked to an increased risk of pneumonia caused by different pathogens. Oral care plays a crucial role in preventing nonventilator hospital-associated pneumonia.
PERIODONTOLOGY 2000
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Carlos G. Grijalva, Annabelle de St Maurice
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Mark W. Tenforde, Leora R. Feldstein, Christopher J. Lindsell, Manish M. Patel, Wesley H. Self
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Keerti L. Dantuluri, Jean Bruce, Kathryn M. Edwards, Ritu Banerjee, Hannah Griffith, Leigh M. Howard, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: This study found that inappropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in children is more common in rural areas compared to urban areas, suggesting the need for targeted outpatient antibiotic stewardship efforts.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wesley H. Self, Thomas G. Stewart, Allison P. Wheeler, Wissam El Atrouni, Amanda J. Bistran-Hall, Jonathan D. Casey, Vince D. Cataldo, James D. Chappell, Claudia S. Cohn, Jessica B. Collins, Mark R. Denison, Marjolein de Wit, Sheri L. Dixon, Abhijit Duggal, Terri L. Edwards, Magali J. Fontaine, Adit A. Ginde, Michelle S. Harkins, Thelma Harrington, Estelle S. Harris, Daanish Hoda, Tina S. Ipe, Stuti J. Jaiswal, Nicholas J. Johnson, Alan E. Jones, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Christopher J. Lindsell, Jason Mallada, Manoj J. Mammen, Ryan A. Metcalf, Elizabeth A. Middleton, Simon Mucha, Hollis R. O'Neal, Sonal R. Pannu, Jill M. Pulley, Xian Qiao, Jay S. Raval, Jillian P. Rhoads, Harry Schrager, Carl Shanholtz, Nathan Shapiro, Stephen J. Schrantz, Isaac Thomsen, Krista K. Vermillion, Gordon R. Bernard, Todd W. Rice
Summary: The PassITON trial in the USA aims to provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma for treating adults hospitalized with acute moderate to severe COVID-19. With a planned enrollment of 1000 patients, the trial is designed to provide the most robust data available on the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hillary J. J. Spencer, Keerti L. Dantuluri, Cary Thurm, Hannah Griffith, Carlos G. Grijalva, Ritu Banerjee, Leigh M. Howard
Summary: The study analyzed antibiotic use in US NICUs and found that patterns of antibiotic use varied depending on medical versus surgical service line, hospital, and geographic location.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
J. D. Lundgren, R. L. Gottlieb, U. Sandkovsky, S. M. Brown, J. Baker, A. A. Ginde, C. C. Chang, A. L. Goodman, E. S. Higgs, D. D. Murray, T. A. Murray, R. Paredes, A. N. Phillips, H. Cao, A. G. Babiker, V. J. Davey, A. C. Gelijns, V. L. Kan, M. N. Polizzotto, B. T. Thompson, H. C. Lane, J. D. Neaton
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab in COVID-19 patients, with results indicating potential benefits in patients without neutralizing antibodies at baseline. However, due to the limited sample size, further research is needed to assess the effects of other types of passive immune therapies in the same patient setting.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Claudio F. Lanata, Ana Gil, Lucie Ecker, Rubelio Cornejo, Stefano Rios, Mayra Ochoa, Bia Pena, Omar Flores, Leigh M. Howard, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: Through a prospective household study in Lima, Peru, we found a high incidence and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially among household members. Most infections were symptomatic, with the Lambda variant being predominant. Some new infections occurred in participants with negative baseline serology.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Leigh M. Howard, Keerti L. Dantuluri, Nicole Soper, Isaac P. Thomsen, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: The study found that short courses of antibiotics in ambulatory children led to a rapid increase in certain resistance genes, while reducing the carriage of pneumococcal and Staphylococcus aureus.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hannah Griffith, Andrew D. Wiese, Edward F. Mitchel, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: The introduction of PCV13 vaccine led to reductions in otitis media among US children, but its impact on antibiotic use for otitis media remained stable among Tennessee children under 2 years of age.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alexandra M. Mellis, Jennifer K. Meece, Natasha B. Halasa, James D. Chappell, Huong Q. McLean, Carlos G. Grijalva, Kayla E. Hanson, Yuwei Zhu, Ahra Kim, Jessica Deyoe, Lynn C. Ivacic, Carrie Reed, H. Keipp Talbot, Melissa A. Rolfes
Summary: Based on this study, we found that children and adolescents had higher cycle threshold (Ct) values in PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2, while older adults had lower Ct values. Additionally, days with symptoms were associated with lower Ct values, with the lowest point occurring 2-6 days after symptom onset.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Wesley H. Self, Allison P. Wheeler, James D. Chappell, Isaac Thomsen, Jill M. Pulley, Jillian P. Rhoads, Gordon R. Bernard, Todd W. Rice
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alexander M. Kaizer, Nathan I. Shapiro, Jessica Wild, Samuel M. Brown, B. Jessica Cwik, Kimberly W. Hart, Alan E. Jones, Michael S. Pulia, Wesley H. Self, Clay Smith, Stephanie A. Smith, Patrick C. Ng, B. Taylor Thompson, Todd W. Rice, Christopher J. Lindsell, Adit A. Ginde
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) for early treatment of non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19. The results showed that LPV/r did not significantly improve symptom resolution or reduce hospitalization in non-hospitalized participants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Ari Moskowitz, Matthew S. Shotwell, Sean P. Collins, Wesley H. Self
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christine C. Whitmore, R. Eric Hawley, Jea Young Min, Ed Mitchel, James R. Daugherty, Marie R. Griffin, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: The study utilized a linked-data research platform to match potential deliveries, mothers, and children in Tennessee Medicaid records. In 2013, out of a total of 84,253 potential deliveries, 1,761,557 potential mothers, and 51,400 potential children, 60,265 records were successfully linked to vital records, with 46,172 being linked mother-child-vital records. Key findings include the median maternal age of 24 years, median gestational age of 39 weeks, 33% cesarean birth rate, and 1% complicated deliveries rate.
PHARMACEUTICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
James B. Zhang, Robyn A. Tamboli, Vance L. Albaugh, David B. Williams, Donna M. Kilkelly, Carlos G. Grijalva, Cyndya A. Shibao
OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE
(2020)