Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cheng Yan, Haojie Wu, Xianchun Fang, Junji He, Feng Zhu
Summary: Platelets, as anucleate blood components, play a crucial role in regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. They not only participate in hemostasis but also have the ability to influence innate and adaptive immune responses. This review summarizes platelet development and their functions in hemostasis, as well as the interactions between platelet products and innate or adaptive immune cells. Understanding the exact mechanisms underlying these effects will contribute to the further application of platelet transfusion.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Umberto Aiello, Drice Challal, Griselda Wentzinger, Armelle Lengronne, Rowin Appanah, Philippe Pasero, Benoit Palancade, Domenico Libri
Summary: Cellular homeostasis requires the coordination of several machineries, including the Sen1 helicase which terminates non-coding transcription. This study shows that Sen1 plays a key regulatory role in resolving transcription conflicts and R-loops, thus maintaining genome stability.
Article
Dermatology
Shen Yan, Raphael Ripamonti, Hiroshi Kawabe, Maya Ben-Yehuda Greenwald, Sabine Werner
Summary: The ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-1 plays crucial roles in various aspects of skin function, including keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and wound repair. Lack of NEDD4-1 in keratinocytes leads to impaired migration and proliferation, resulting in delayed re-epithelialization of wounds. This study highlights the importance of NEDD4-1 in skin homeostasis and identifies its involvement in mitogenic and motogenic signaling pathways.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Banfi, Alice Mallia, Stefania Ghilardi, Maura Brioschi, Erica Gianazza, Sonia Eligini, Pelin Sahlen, Roberta Baetta
Summary: PCYOX1 is a regulator of adipogenesis, acting through multiple key factors. Its absence reduces adipogenesis and inflammatory markers, making it a potential adipogenic factor with therapeutic potential.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lyndsay L. Leach, Nicholas J. Hanovice, Stephanie M. George, Ana E. Gabriel, Jeffrey M. Gross
Summary: Research has revealed that zebrafish RPE has strong intrinsic regenerative potential, with elements of immune response identified as critical mediators in the regeneration process. Macrophage/microglia cells are responsive to RPE damage and essential for the timely progression of regenerative response.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amalia Ruiz-Serrano, Christina N. Boyle, Josep M. Monne Rodriguez, Julia Guenter, Agnieszka E. Jucht, Svende Pfundstein, Andreas M. Bapst, Thomas A. Lutz, Roland H. Wenger, Carsten C. Scholz
Summary: Dysregulated energy metabolism is a major cause of various diseases. OTUB1 plays an important regulatory role in energy metabolism. Deletion of OTUB1 in mice leads to increased energy expenditure and improved glucose metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiaojie Feng, Shuzhen Li, Di Meng, Qinghua Di, Mengdi Zhou, Xianchang Yu, Chaoxing He, Yan Yan, Jun Wang, Mintao Sun, Yansu Li
Summary: BPC2 is a key regulator gene of root growth and development. Knockout of BPC2 inhibits root growth, changes root system architecture, and has negative effects on leaf development. Furthermore, knockout of BPC2 also affects root exudate metabolism and gene expression. These findings lay the foundation for future studies on the regulatory mechanisms of BPC2 in roots.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Dmitrii Smirnov, Ekaterina Eremenko, Daniel Stein, Shai Kaluski, Weronika Jasinska, Claudia Cosentino, Barbara Martinez-Pastor, Yariv Brotman, Raul Mostoslavsky, Ekaterina Khrameeva, Debra Toiber
Summary: SIRT6 plays critical roles in the brain, regulating mitochondrial activity and gene expression, as well as affecting metabolite changes. The reduction of SIRT6 levels in the aging brain and neurodegenerative diseases contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nienke Visser, Levi Collin Nelemans, Yuan He, Harm Jan Lourens, Macarena Gonzalez Corrales, Gerwin Huls, Valerie R. Wiersma, Jan Jacob Schuringa, Edwin Bremer
Summary: The (re)activation of innate anticancer immunity by blocking the interaction of SIRP-alpha with CD47 has shown positive results in B cell lymphoma patients. A previously uninvestigated member of the SIRP family, SIRP-beta 2, has been found to play a crucial role in innate anticancer immunity by stimulating macrophage adhesion, differentiation, and cancer cell phagocytosis. This discovery suggests that SIRP-beta 2 could be a potential target for innate immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Idit Ron, Reut Kassif Lerner, Moran Rathaus, Rinat Livne, Sophie Ron, Ehud Barhod, Rina Hemi, Amit Tirosh, Tzipora Strauss, Keren Ofir, Ido Goldstein, Itai M. Pessach, Amir Tirosh
Summary: FABP4 plays a crucial role in regulating neonatal glucose metabolism, with levels inversely correlated with blood glucose and significantly elevated in hypoglycemic neonates. Its absence leads to aberrant regulation of glucagon pathways and liver glycogen storage, but rapid restoration of normoglycemia upon exogenous FABP4 administration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Riccardo Panella, Andreas Petri, Bhavna N. Desai, Sharmila Fagoonee, Cody A. Cotton, Piercen K. Nguyen, Eric M. Lundin, Alexandre Wagshal, Da-Zhi Wang, Anders M. Naeaer, Ioannis S. Vlachos, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier, Fiorella Altruda, Sakari Kauppinen, Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Summary: In this study, microRNA-22 (miR-22) was found to play a crucial role in the regulation of lipid and energy homeostasis as well as the onset and maintenance of obesity. Loss of miR-22 function was shown to protect against obesity and hepatic steatosis, while overexpression of miR-22 promoted these phenotypes. Mechanistically, miR-22 was found to control multiple pathways related to lipid biogenesis and differentiation. Importantly, genetic ablation of miR-22 led to metabolic rewiring towards higher energy expenditure and browning of white adipose tissue, suggesting that modulation of miR-22 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and other metabolic disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun-Ho Lee, So-Yeon Choi, Soo-Yeoun Park, Nam-Chul Jung, Kyung-Eun Noh, Ji-Hee Nam, Ji-Soo Oh, Hyun-Ji Choi, Ji-Su Jang, Ji-Young Yoo, Jie-Young Song, Han Geuk Seo, Dae-Seog Lim
Summary: The study investigated the biological effects of Enpp2 on dendritic cells (DCs) and found that Enpp2 is essential for the migration capacity of mature DCs (mDCs) to lymph nodes, enhancing our understanding of DC biology. Regulating Enpp2 may improve DC migration to lymph nodes, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of cancer vaccines based on DCs.
Article
Immunology
Hanyu Shen, Ziheng Wang, Ailong Huang, Dandan Zhu, Pingping Sun, Yinong Duan
Summary: Schistosomiasis, a tropical zoonotic parasitic disease caused by schistosomes, primarily affects the intestines and liver, where parasite eggs induce immune responses leading to liver fibrosis and granulomatous reactions. Differential gene expression analysis suggests LCN2 plays a significant role in early S. japonicum infection, with in vivo experiments showing upregulation in infected liver tissues. Further research indicates that NF-kappa B/LCN2 signaling is crucial for M1 macrophage polarization in response to infection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Fengjuan Fan, Stefano Malvestiti, Sonia Vallet, Judith Lind, Jose Manuel Garcia-Manteiga, Eugenio Morelli, Qinyue Jiang, Anja Seckinger, Dirk Hose, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Andreas Stadlbauer, Chunyan Sun, Heng Mei, Martin Pecherstorfer, Latifa Bakiri, Erwin F. Wagner, Giovanni Tonon, Martin Sattler, Yu Hu, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Dirk Jaeger, Klaus Podar
Summary: This study demonstrates a significant correlation between JunB and angiogenic factors in MM, independent of hypoxia. JunB plays a dual role as a mediator of MM cell survival, proliferation, drug resistance, and also promotes angiogenesis in the BM microenvironment. These findings suggest targeting JunB as a potential strategy in MM therapy.
Article
Cell Biology
Scarlett J. Barker, Ravikiran M. Raju, Noah E. P. Milman, Jun Wang, Jose Davila-Velderrain, Fatima Gunter-Rahman, Cameron C. Parro, P. Lorenzo Bozzelli, Fatema Abdurrob, Karim Abdelaal, David A. Bennett, Manolis Kellis, Li-Huei Tsai
Summary: Research has shown that living in an enriched, cognitively stimulating environment is the most effective way to induce cognitive resilience. The MEF2 transcription factors have been identified as playing a crucial role in promoting cognitive resilience. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of MEF2 as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration and healthy aging.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marco Orecchioni, Kouji Kobiyama, Holger Winkels, Yanal Ghosheh, Sara McArdle, Zbigniew Mikulski, William B. Kiosses, Zhichao Fan, Lai Wen, Yunmin Jung, Payel Roy, Amal J. Ali, Yukiko Miyamoto, Matthew Mangan, Jeffrey Makings, Zhihao Wang, Angela Denn, Jenifer Vallejo, Michaela Owens, Christopher P. Durant, Simon Braumann, Navid Mader, Lin Li, Hiroaki Matsunami, Lars Eckmann, Eicke Latz, Zeneng Wang, Stanley L. Hazen, Klaus Ley
Summary: This study found that mouse vascular macrophages express the olfactory receptor Olfr2, which can detect and activate the inflammasome, leading to interleukin-1b secretion. It was also discovered that human and mouse blood plasma contains octanal, which can activate Olfr2 and its human ortholog OR6A2. Increasing octanal levels exacerbates atherosclerosis, while targeting Olfr2 gene significantly reduces atherosclerotic plaques. These findings suggest that inhibiting OR6A2 may be a promising strategy for preventing and treating atherosclerosis.
Article
Cell Biology
Rebecca Elena Mainz, Stefanie Albers, Madhuri Haque, Roland Sonntag, Nicole Simone Treichel, Thomas Clavel, Eicke Latz, Kai Markus Schneider, Christian Trautwein, Tobias Otto
Summary: This study evaluates a novel mouse model for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and investigates the role of NLRP6 inflammasome in intestinal homeostasis and ALD progression. The study shows that alcohol consumption triggers liver injury and changes in intestinal microbial communities. Inhibiting NLRP6 signaling has a minor effect on intestinal homeostasis but reduces hepatic immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest a disease-aggravating role of NLRP6 in ALD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lena Wischhof, Hang-Mao Lee, Janine Tutas, Clemens Overkott, Eileen Tedt, Miriam Stork, Michael Peitz, Oliver Bruestle, Thomas Ulas, Kristian Haendler, Joachim L. Schultze, Dan Ehninger, Pierluigi Nicotera, Paolo Salomoni, Daniele Bano
Summary: Mammalian SWI/SNF/BAF chromatin remodeling complexes, particularly the modulator BCL7A, play crucial roles in regulating Notch/Wnt pathway signaling and mitochondrial bioenergetics during neuronal progenitor cell differentiation, ultimately affecting neuronal morphogenesis, cognitive flexibility, and behavioral performance.
Review
Immunology
Lorenzo Bonaguro, Jonas Schulte-Schrepping, Thomas Ulas, Anna C. Aschenbrenner, Marc Beyer, Joachim L. Schultze
Summary: This review introduces the complexity of the immune system and emphasizes the importance of characterizing individual genes and molecules. It discusses how high-throughput omics technologies and computational modeling can provide new insights into immune system dynamics. The review also highlights the need for immunologists to collaborate and form interdisciplinary networks.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Neha Mishra, Konrad Aden, Johanna Blase, Nathan Baran, Dora Bordoni, Florian Tran, Claudio Conrad, Diana Avalos, Charlot Jaeckel, Michael Scherer, Signe B. Sorensen, Silja H. Overgaard, Berenice Schulte, Susanna Nikolaus, Guillaume Rey, Gilles Gasparoni, Paul A. Lyons, Joachim L. Schultze, Joern Walter, Vibeke Andersen, Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis, Stefan Schreiber, Philip Rosenstiel
Summary: This study investigated the dynamics of gene expression and DNA methylation in blood samples of IBD patients treated with TNF antagonist infliximab. The results showed that early shifts in gene expression and DNA methylation could predict the response to anti-TNF treatment. This finding can help identify IBD patients who are unlikely to benefit from TNF antagonists.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaohui Wang, Larisa I. Labzin
Summary: Programmed cell death is an essential defense mechanism against viral infection. Neighboring cells respond differently depending on the type of cell death. Apoptosis is immunologically silent, while necroptosis and pyroptosis trigger inflammatory responses. These pathways are involved in influenza A virus infection. This review discusses how cells sense neighboring infection and death and the impact on inflammatory responses.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Correction
Immunology
Natalie Katzmarski, Jorge Dominguez-Andres, Branko Cirovic, Georgios Renieris, Eleonora Ciarlo, Didier Le Roy, Konstantin Lepikhov, Kathrin Kattler, Gilles Gasparoni, Kristian Haendler, Heidi Theis, Marc Beyer, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Leo A. B. Joosten, Joern Walter, Joachim L. Schultze, Thierry Roger, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Andreas Schlitzer, Mihai G. Netea
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Larisa I. Labzin, Kate Schroder
Summary: In this study, the authors investigate the cellular and molecular sources of elevated IL-10 and IL-6 in COVID-19. They find that immune cells sense SARS-CoV-2 infection in neighboring epithelial cells, triggering inflammasome signaling and release of IL-10, which promotes the release of IL-6.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katherine R. Balka, Rajan Venkatraman, Tahnee L. Saunders, Angus Shoppee, Ee Shan Pang, Zoe Magill, Jihane Homman-Ludiye, Cheng Huang, Rachael M. Lane, Harrison M. York, Peck Tan, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Senthil Arumugam, Benjamin T. Kile, Meredith O'Keeffe, Dominic De Nardo
Summary: cGAS-STING signalling is initiated by detecting foreign or mislocalised DNA within the cytosol, leading to the production of interferons and inflammatory cytokines. STING is degraded within lysosomes, but the mechanisms controlling its delivery are poorly understood. In this study, the researchers used proteomics and microscopy to identify that the ESCRT pathway detects ubiquitinated STING on vesicles, facilitating its degradation in macrophages. Disruption of the ESCRT pathway enhances STING signalling and cytokine production, revealing a mechanism for effective termination of the pathway.
Article
Biology
Niels J. M. Verstegen, Sabrina Pollastro, Peter-Paul A. Unger, Casper Marsman, George Elias, Tineke Jorritsma, Marij Streutker, Kevin Bassler, Kristian Haendler, Theo Rispens, Joachim L. Schultze, Anja ten Brinke, Marc Beyer, S. Marieke van Ham
Summary: In this study, the differentiation trajectories of human naive B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) were investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing. By comparing transcriptomes of B cells at different stages of differentiation from in vitro and ex vivo sources, a novel pre-ASC population was identified in lymphoid tissues. This study also revealed the existence of a germinal-center-like population in vitro, which may undergo an alternative route of differentiation to become memory B cells, mimicking in vivo human germinal center reactions. This work provides a detailed characterization of human B cell differentiation into ASCs or memory B cells under healthy and diseased conditions.
Article
Biology
Amy H. Chan, Sabrina S. Burgener, Kassandra Vezyrgiannis, Xiaohui Wang, Jadie Acklam, Jessica B. Von Pein, Malvina Pizzuto, Larisa I. Labzin, Dave Boucher, Kate Schroder
Summary: This study elucidates the key molecular events underlying signaling by the caspase-4 inflammasome and identifies IL-1 beta as a natural substrate of caspase-4.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Sophie Mueller, Charlotte Kroeger, Joachim L. Schultze, Anna C. Aschenbrenner
Summary: Blood, as a non-invasive way to access the human immune system, is an important tool for studying physiological and pathophysiological processes. Stimulating whole blood ex vivo allows for investigation of immune responses and has applications in clinical research such as host immunity, disease characterization, and drug development.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
R. Bellmas Sanz, A. Hitz, E. Chichelnitskiy, B. Wiegmann, K. Blaesing, W. Sommer, F. Ius, J. F. Kuehne, A. Knoefel, L. Horn, I. Tudorache, A. Haverich, D. Jonigk, M. Greer, T. S. Kapellos, K. Bassler, J. L. Schultze, G. Warnecke, C. S. Falk
JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philipp Georg, Rosario Astaburuaga-Garcia, Lorenzo Bonaguro, Sophia Brumhard, Laura Michalick, Lena J. Lippert, Tomislav Kostevc, Christiane Gaebel, Maria Schneider, Mathias Streitz, Vadim Demichev, Ioanna Gemuend, Matthias Barone, Pinkus Tober-Lau, Elisa T. Helbig, David Hillus, Lev Petrov, Julia Stein, Hannah-Philine Dey, Daniela Paclik, Christina Iwert, Michael Muelleder, Simran Kaur Aulakh, Sonja Djudjaj, Roman D. Buelow, Henrik E. Mei, Axel R. Schulz, Andreas Thiel, Stefan Hippenstiel, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Roland Eils, Irina Lehmann, Marcus A. Mall, Sebastian Stricker, Jobst Roehmel, Victor M. Corman, Dieter Beule, Emanuel Wyler, Markus Landthaler, Benedikt Obermayer, Saskia von Stillfried, Peter Boor, Munevver Demir, Hans Wesselmann, Norbert Suttorp, Alexander Uhrig, Holger Mueller-Redetzky, Jacob Nattermann, Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Christian Meisel, Markus Ralser, Joachim L. Schultze, Anna C. Aschenbrenner, Charlotte Thibeault, Florian Kurth, Leif E. Sander, Nils Bluethgen, Birgit Sawitzki
Summary: Severe COVID-19 is associated with highly activated CD16(+) T cells that exhibit cytotoxic functions and contribute to endothelial injury. These CD16(+) T cells can degranulate and induce cytotoxicity through immune-complex-mediated mechanisms independent of the T cell receptor, which is not observed in other diseases. The presence of activated CD16(+) T cells and elevated levels of complement proteins upstream of C3a are associated with a fatal outcome of COVID-19, indicating the pathological role of enhanced cytotoxicity and complement activation in the disease.
Meeting Abstract
Dermatology
S. Willenborg, D. E. Sanin, A. Jais, X. Ding, T. Ulas, J. Nuechel, M. Popovic, T. MacVicar, T. Langer, J. L. Schultze, A. Roers, E. J. Pearce, J. C. Bruening, A. Trifunovic, S. A. Eming
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)