Review
Immunology
Shintaro Shichinohe, Tokiko Watanabe
Summary: The annual occurrence of numerous influenza infections is a significant public health problem. Influenza vaccines are important for prevention, but their effectiveness against infection may not be optimal, especially in the elderly. Adding adjuvants can improve vaccine efficacy, and an adjuvanted influenza vaccine MF59, FLUAD, has been licensed for use in individuals aged 65 years and older. Adjuvants not only enhance immune response to antigens, but also can be effective against different viruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Daniel Ellis, Rebecca A. Gillespie, Geoffrey B. Hutchinson, Young-Jun Park, Syed M. Moin, Oliver J. Acton, Rashmi Ravichandran, Mike Murphy, Deleah Pettie, Nick Matheson, Lauren Carter, Adrian Creanga, Michael J. Watson, Sally Kephart, Sila Ataca, John R. Vaile, George Ueda, Michelle C. Crank, Lance Stewart, Kelly K. Lee, Miklos Guttman, David Baker, John R. Mascola, David Veesler, Barney S. Graham, Neil P. King, Masaru Kanekiyo
Summary: Computational design of nanoparticle immunogens can induce potent and broad antibody responses against diverse influenza viruses, including neutralizing antibody responses to vaccine-matched strains and broadly protective antibody responses to heterologous viruses. These novel vaccines have the potential to replace traditional seasonal vaccines.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Rescigno
Summary: The past decade has seen the emergence of highly sophisticated vaccines, and recent research by Wimmers et al. has shown that the effect of flu vaccines on the immune system can last as long as 6 months.
Review
Immunology
Claudia Maria Trombetta, Otfried Kistner, Emanuele Montomoli, Simonetta Viviani, Serena Marchi
Summary: Influenza is a vaccine preventable disease and vaccination is the most effective method of controlling the morbidity and mortality of seasonal influenza, especially among risk groups. The effectiveness of current influenza vaccines is suboptimal, but they are still effective against morbidity and mortality in all age and risk groups, particularly in young children and older adults.
Review
Immunology
Rina Fajri Nuwarda, Abdulsalam Abdullah Alharbi, Veysel Kayser
Summary: Influenza is a major public health concern, and vaccines are an effective method for prevention and control. New vaccine platforms and advancements in vaccine manufacturing processes are being explored to improve effectiveness and stability.
Article
Immunology
Tanja Becker, Husni Elbahesh, Leslie A. Reperant, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
Summary: Influenza vaccines have been available for over 80 years and have contributed significantly to reducing morbidity and mortality. However, limitations in their effectiveness persist due to antigenic evolution and production methods. Alternative approaches are being pursued to design and produce vaccines with broader and longer-lasting immune responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
SangJoon Lee, Jin-Hyeob Ryu
Summary: The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against influenza viruses, and mRNA vaccines are being explored as a promising alternative to traditional approaches due to their safety, cost-effectiveness, rapid development capabilities, and high efficacy. This review provides insights into the innate immune response to mRNA vaccination, as well as discusses the future directions and challenges in advancing this promising therapeutic approach.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jidang Chen, Jiehuang Wang, Jipei Zhang, Hinh Ly
Summary: Influenza A virus is a significant zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe symptoms. Vaccination remains the best option to prevent infection, although current vaccines have limitations such as high cost and production time. Recent advances and innovations may lead to the development of more effective and safe novel influenza vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Fatai S. Oladunni, Saheed Oluwasina Oseni, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Thomas M. Chambers
Summary: Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a constantly evolving viral pathogen responsible for yearly outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses. The virus can evade host protective immunity, making it a successful pathogen. Despite vaccination, the protective effects decay over time, allowing for continued transmission.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jennifer L. Tomlinson, Juan W. Valle, Sumera I. Ilyas
Summary: Recent literature has advanced our understanding of the tumour immune microenvironment and identified new patient subtypes. Inhibitory immune cells and immune escape mechanisms employed by tumour cells contribute to poor tumour immunogenicity. Strategies to block inhibitory immune cell recruitment can re-equip the immune system to target the tumour.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zachary R. Sia, Matthew S. Miller, Jonathan F. Lovell
Summary: The combination of recombinant biotechnology and nanomedicine techniques shows promise in developing a next-generation flu vaccine with broad protection. Various nanoparticle candidates have been tested, showing protection against different influenza strains, production of antibodies with broad reactivity, and activation of potent T cell responses. The future of influenza vaccines may involve combining recombinant antigens with nanoparticle carriers.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marcelo Gabriel Vallone, Andre Luis Falcon, Horacio Matias Castro, Augusto Ferraris, Ramiro Francisco Cantarella, Maria Ines Staneloni, Valeria Ines Aliperti, Analia Ferloni, Daniela Mezzarobba, Fernando Javier Vazquez, Maria Florencia Grande Ratti
Summary: This study found a significant increase in thrombotic events in subjects vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccines compared to a control group. The clinical implications of these findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the high efficacy of vaccination and the inherent risk of thrombosis from Covid-19 infection itself.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nathaniel M. Lewis, Jessie R. Chung, Timothy M. Uyeki, Lisa Grohskopf, Jill M. Ferdinands, Manish M. Patel
Summary: This study analyzes the comparability of relative vaccine effectiveness across different studies and suggests that this comparability is dependent on the absolute vaccine effectiveness of the comparator vaccine. These findings have implications for the design of influenza vaccine studies and data reporting.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Zhuofan Li, Yiwen Zhao, Yibo Li, Xinyuan Chen
Summary: Influenza poses a significant threat to global public health, and influenza vaccines are an effective means of control. Current vaccines mainly induce neutralizing antibodies against the globular head of hemagglutinin, lacking cross-protection. Adjuvants, such as MF59 and AS03, have shown the ability to broaden immune responses against non-vaccine strains.
Review
Immunology
Mei Peng Tan, Wen Siang Tan, Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen, Wei Boon Yap
Summary: The development of a universal influenza vaccine addresses concerns related to annual reformulation and mismatching with circulating subtypes of current influenza vaccines. It contains conserved antigens for cross-protection against all influenza subtypes, with potential as a candidate for a universal influenza vaccine.