期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 106, 期 -, 页码 36-43出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.083
关键词
Photolysis; Debromination; Monitoring; Factor analysis; California; Flame retardant
资金
- Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary
- USEPA STAR Fellowship
Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) are flame retardant compounds that have been classified as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention and targeted for phase-out. Despite their classification as persistent, PBDEs undergo debromination in the environment, via both microbial and photochemical pathways. We examined concentrations of 24 PBDE congeners in 233 sediment samples from San Francisco Bay using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). PMF analysis revealed five factors, two of which contained high proportions of congeners with two or three bromines, indicating that they are related to debromination processes. One of the factors included PBDE 15 (4,4'-dibromo diphenyl ether, comprising 20% of the factor); the other included PBDE 7 (2,4-dibromo diphenyl ether; 12%) and PBDE 17 (2,2',4-tribromo diphenyl ether; 16%). The debromination processes that produce these congeners are probably photochemical debromination and anaerobic microbial debromination, although other processes could also be responsible. Together, these two debromination factors represent about 8% of the mass and 13% of the moles of PBDEs in the data matrix, suggesting that PBDEs undergo measurable degradation in the environment.
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