4.6 Article

Dual Effect of Halides in the Stille Reaction: In Situ Halide Metathesis and Catalyst Stabilization

期刊

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
卷 16, 期 43, 页码 12831-12837

出版社

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002267

关键词

catalyst stabilization; halide metathesis; halides; palladium; transmetallation

资金

  1. University of Antwerp (BOF)
  2. Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO-Flanders)
  3. Hercules Foundation

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Halide anions can increase or decrease the transmetallation rate of the Stille reaction through in situ halide metathesis. Although the influence of the halogen present in oxidative addition complexes on the transmetallation rate with organostannanes was already known, the application of in situ halide metathesis to accelerate cross-coupling reactions with organometallic reagents is not described in the literature yet. In addition a second unprecedented role of halides was discovered. Halide anions stabilize the [Pd-0(L)(2)] catalyst in Stille reactions, by means of [(PdX)-X-0(L)(2)](-) formation (X = Cl, I), hereby preventing its leaching from the catalytic cycle. Both arene (iodobenzene) and azaheteroarene (2-halopyridine, halopyrazine, 2-halopyrimidine) substrates were used.

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