Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jae Won Lee, Elise S. Cowley, Patricia G. Wolf, Heidi L. Doden, Tsuyoshi Murai, Kelly Yovani Olivos Caicedo, Lindsey K. Ly, Furong Sun, Hajime Takei, Hiroshi Nittono, Steven L. Daniel, Isaac Cann, H. Rex Gaskins, Karthik Anantharaman, Joao M. P. Alves, Jason M. Ridlon
Summary: This study presents a novel mechanism by which Firmicutes generate flat bile acids allo-DCA and allo-LCA, and identifies an increased abundance of these enzyme genes in colorectal cancer patients.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
M. Marzano, Bruno Fosso, C. Colliva, E. Notario, D. Passeri, M. Intranuovo, A. Gioiello, L. Adorini, G. Pesole, R. Pellicciari, A. Moschetta, R. M. Gadaleta
Summary: This study investigated the effects of TC-100 on intestinal mucosa integrity and cecal microbiome composition in a rodent model of bile flow obstruction. The results showed that TC-100 activates FXR and regulates bile acid homeostasis and gut microbiota composition, preventing early signs of intestinal mucosal damage.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shasha Qin, Jingzhuo Tian, Yong Zhao, Lianmei Wang, Jinyu Wang, Suyan Liu, Jing Meng, Fang Wang, Chenyue Liu, Jiayin Han, Chen Pan, Yushi Zhang, Yan Yi, Chunying Li, Meiting Liu, Aihua Liang
Summary: This study aims to systematically elucidate the mechanism by which Gardenia extract ameliorates ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
William J. Griffiths, Jonas Abdel-Khalik, Sarah F. Moore, Ruwani S. Wijeyekoon, Peter J. Crick, Eylan Yutuc, Krista Farrell, David P. Breen, Caroline H. Williams-Gray, Spyridon Theofilopoulos, Ernest Arenas, Miles Trupp, Roger A. Barker, Yuqin Wang
Summary: Elevated levels of two cholesterol metabolites were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of PD patients, potentially linked to depression.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Zhu, Mengyujie Liu, Jingjing Deng, Wang Chen, Deyu Zhu, Jing Duan, Yaoyao Li, Haoxin Wang, Yuemao Shen
Summary: p-Terphenyls are a unique family of aromatic natural products generated by nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like enzyme. Tailoring modifications after the formation of the p-terphenyl skeleton lead to structural diversity and various biological activities. The biosynthesis pathway of 2',3',5'-trihydroxy-p-terphenyls in bacteria has been demonstrated, but the parallel pathway in fungi still needs to be explored.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahboob Alam
Summary: The present study describes the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro molecular interactions of a steroid compound. The compound was successfully synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques, and its molecular interaction with human serum albumin was studied. The compound also exhibited antioxidant activity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pharmacodynamics of steroids.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Olga Morarescu, Marina Grinco, Veaceslav Kulcitki, Alic Barba, Olga Garbuz, Valentin Gudumac, Aurelian Gulea, Nicon Ungur
Summary: This paper presents the synthesis of natural diterpenoids withent-kauranic structure using ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid obtained from sunflower waste. The synthesized compounds, previously isolated from plants, have diverse biological activities, including anti-HIV, anti-cancer, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Cytotoxicity studies revealed a significant cell proliferative effect of some compounds, consistent with recent research in the field.
SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li-Jun Ruan, Hai-Yun Chen, Wei Xu, Zhi-Jun Song, Ren-Wang Jiang
Summary: The chemical constituents of bile acids in the gallbladder of Bufo bufo gargarizans were investigated, resulting in the identification of eight new bile acids and two known ones. These bile acids displayed unique structures and biological activities, which are important for understanding the toxins in toad venom.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yi Zhang, Hongyan Qi, Long Wang, Chunyan Hu, Aibo Gao, Qihan Wu, Qiaoling Wang, Huibin Lin, Banru Chen, Xingyu Wang, Shuangyuan Wang, Hong Lin, Weiqing Wang, Yufang Bi, Jiqiu Wang, Jieli Lu, Ruixin Liu
Summary: This study analyzed the bile acid (BA) profiles and gut microbiota changes in mice under feeding, fasting, and refeeding conditions using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that fasting decreased unconjugated primary BAs (PBAs) and unconjugated secondary BAs (SBAs) in plasma, while increasing conjugated SBAs in plasma. Fecal unconjugated PBAs and SBAs increased, while conjugated PBAs and SBAs in feces decreased. The expression of BA synthesis-related genes in the liver and reabsorption-related genes in the ileum were also decreased during fasting. Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, Muribaculum, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes, and Muribaculaceae increased in the gut microbiota of fasting mice, while Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium decreased. All these changes were reversed during refeeding.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuangjian Qin, Huixian Zeng, Qizhen Wu, Qingqing Li, Mohammed Zeeshan, Lizhu Ye, Yue Jiang, Rui Zhang, Xinhang Jiang, Miao Li, Rong Zhang, Wen Chen, Wei-Chun Chou, Guang-Hui Dong, Dao-Chuan Li, Xiao-Wen Zeng
Summary: This study investigated the effects of real-ambient PM2.5 exposure on four brain regions in mice using lipidomics and transcriptomics. It was found that PM2.5 exposure led to differential gene and lipid expression in the brain, with the hippocampus being the most sensitive region. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanisms of PM2.5-induced neurotoxicity.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qing Yang, Xubo Wu, Zhiyu Pan, Ruifang Guan, Ping Yang, Ye Liu, Xiaolei Yang, Wandi Du, Jingru Liang, Jiarong Hu, Weimin Cai, Guo Ma
Summary: This study investigated the effect and mechanism of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (ACT) in the treatment of jaundice. The results showed that ACT could reduce the levels of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in jaundice mice, and improve liver injury symptoms. The integrated analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics revealed that ACT exerts its therapeutic effect on jaundice by regulating multiple components, biomarkers, targets, and pathways.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ling Huang, Junping Zheng, Guangjun Sun, Huabing Yang, Xiongjie Sun, Xiaowei Yao, Aizhen Lin, Hongtao Liu
Summary: It has been found that 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) can improve colitis symptoms by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. In a mouse model, treatment with 5-ASA alleviated colitis symptoms, increased body weight and colon length, and reduced disease activity index and spleen index. Moreover, 5-ASA protected colonic tissues by suppressing inflammation and decreasing levels of tight junction, mucin, and water-sodium transport proteins, and it reshaped the gut microbiota community structure by promoting beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria. Additionally, 5-ASA improved abnormal bile acid metabolism through specific signaling pathways. However, the protective effect of 5-ASA was only observed in mice with normal gut microbiota, emphasizing the importance of gut microbiota in colitis treatment.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Saiprasad Dasugari Varakala, Rudraraju Srilakshmi Reshma, Robert Schnell, Sriram Dharmarajan
Summary: This study focuses on the lead expansion of two hit molecules, resulting in the discovery of 43 analogues. Compounds 15 and 19 exhibit broad-spectrum inhibition activity against FabG.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shota Hori, Minako Satake, Ohji Kohmoto, Ryo Takagi, Kazufumi Okada, Satoru Fukiya, Atsushi Yokota, Satoshi Ishizuka
Summary: Primary 12 alpha OH BAs were found to decrease hepatic iron concentration in rats, with LCN2 potentially responsible for transporting iron out of the liver to achieve this effect.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Forestry
Liangju Wang, Jianting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liuzi Zhang, Hao Yang, Longbo Liu, Jiayi Zhou, Malik Mohsin Iqbal, Xing Gan
Summary: The article briefly introduces the characteristics and applications of 5-aminolevuinic acid (ALA) and discusses its mechanisms in plant growth and biosynthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Heather A. Nelson, Kelly E. Wood, Gwendolyn A. McMillin, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: This study reviewed umbilical cord drug screening results in twins and triplets, finding that mismatched results occurred in less than 4% of twins, typically when one infant's analyte levels slightly exceeded the reporting cutoff.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Claire Castaneda, Katharine Marsden, Timothy Maxwell, Patrick Ten Eyck, Daren Kuwaye, Kimberly A. Kenne, Abbey S. Merryman, Haley A. Steffen, Samantha R. Swartz, Anna E. Merrill, Matthew D. Krasowski, J. Brooks Jackson, Mary B. Rysavy
Summary: Maternal obesity is linked to adverse outcomes for mothers and their offspring, including complications during pregnancy and increased risk of COVID-19. A study found that obese women face greater challenges during delivery, such as hypertension and macrosomia.
JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lauren R. Cirrincione, Bridgit O. Crews, Jane A. Dickerson, Matthew D. Krasowski, Jessica Rongitsch, Katherine L. Imborek, Zil Goldstein, Dina N. Greene
Summary: This analysis evaluates the bias in measuring estradiol levels in transgender women using three immunoassays and LC-MS/MS, and finds that some of the immunoassays may lead to falsely decreased concentrations.
ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna E. Merrill, Sandhya Mainali, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: Elevated levels of bilirubin (icterus) can interfere with clinical chemistry and laboratory assays. Icterus is one of the most common endogenous interferences, and it can cause assay interference through spectral interference and chemical reaction mechanisms. This article presents a detailed retrospective review of the impact of icteric indices on 114 clinical chemistry assays.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph M. Laakman, Zachary J. Fleishhacker, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: This article retrospectively evaluates data from clinical chemistry and blood gas analysis testing, studying the reasons and factors related to negative anion gaps. Possible causes for negative anion gaps include laboratory error, specimen contamination, hypoalbuminemia, etc. This study provides valuable insights into the variations and clinical significance of anion gaps.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Christine L. H. Snozek, Gwendolyn A. McMillin, Ann Nwosu, Annabel Dizon, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: The wide diversity of reporting thresholds in NIC-related testing poses a substantial risk for misinterpretation of results and analytical concerns. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to drive standardization of reporting in NIC-related testing.
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dina N. Greene, Robert L. Schmidt, Robert H. Christenson, Jessica Rongitsch, Katherine L. Imborek, Heather Rebuck, Thomas S. Lorey, Amy K. Saenger, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: This study aims to explore the concentration differences of two cardiac biomarkers in transgender individuals without cardiac disease. The results show that transgender men have significantly higher hs-cTn levels compared to transgender women, while NT-proBNP levels are significantly higher in transgender women. These findings suggest that sex hormones may be the main driving factor of concentration differences in cardiac disease biomarkers between healthy men and women.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Robert M. Humble, Dina N. Greene, Robert L. Schmidt, Gabrielle Winston McPherson, Jessica Rongitsch, Katherine L. Imborek, Nicole Nisly, Nancy J. Dole, Susan K. Dane, Janice Frerichs, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: Gender-affirming hormone therapy can impact clinical chemistry analytes, with enzymes showing a shift towards affirmed gender in both estradiol and testosterone cohorts. Creatinine values for transgender cohorts were similar to cisgender men, with no shift towards affirmed gender in the estradiol cohort. The effects on lipids were complex, but there was a clear shift to lower HDL values in the testosterone cohort compared to cisgender women.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Toxicology
Kelly E. Wood, Kendra L. Palmer, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: Lamotrigine and levetiracetam are commonly used second-generation anti-epileptic drugs, with overdose typically being benign but with potential neurologic and cardiac toxicity. Analysis of cases showed that most patients were asymptomatic, with symptoms such as ataxia, seizures, dizziness, and altered mental status being commonly reported. Instances of intentional overdose were associated with altered mental status and seizures, with rare cases of cardiac toxicity observed in overdose situations.
TOXICOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Matthew D. Krasowski, John L. Blau, Stephanie J. Chen, Karra A. Jones, Thomas J. Schmidt, Leslie A. Bruch
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted education, including medical schools. This study discusses the experience of adapting preclinical medical school courses to virtual instruction, specifically focusing on pathology small groups. Despite challenges, the transition to virtual learning was generally successful, with students preferring a return to live sessions in the future.
ACADEMIC PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Corey T. Allard, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: This study analyzed patient portal activation and utilization for adults hospitalized in 2018 at an academic medical center in a Midwestern state in the United States. The study focused on the use of patient portals in outpatient settings and revealed relatively less is known about their use for hospitalized patients. The data included analysis of patient characteristics and association of these covariates with patient portal activation and utilization.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Anna E. Merrill, Natalie M. Malvik, Diana C. Ford, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: The study found that in most cases, high-dose biotin was administered in the inpatient setting as a continuation of patient-reported home use, leading to potential errors in immunoassay results. Approximately 45% of inpatient encounters involving biotin administration underwent immunoassay testing susceptible to biotin interference, with particular caution needed for laboratories using biotin-susceptible cardiac troponin assays.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Robert M. Humble, Anna E. Merrill, Bradley A. Ford, Daniel J. Diekema, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 serology testing plays a limited clinical role at an academic medical center. Clinician concerns mainly revolve around the appropriateness/utility of testing, patient charges/insurance coverage, and assay specificity. Patient interest drove serologic testing in the first month after implementation, but there was little evidence that the results impacted clinical decision-making. Test volumes declined steadily, with inpatient ordering gradually increasing as a percentage of the total.
ACADEMIC PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Dina N. Greene, Robert L. Schmidt, Gabrielle Winston McPherson, Jessica Rongitsch, Katherine L. Imborek, Jane A. Dickerson, Julia C. Drees, Robert M. Humble, Nicole Nisly, Nancy J. Dole, Susan K. Dane, Janice Frerichs, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: This study aimed to establish reference intervals for commonly measured analytes related to reproductive endocrinology in transgender women. The use of spironolactone was associated with changes in the result distribution of some tests. Immunoassay was found to be sufficient for measuring estradiol and total testosterone in most cases.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Dina N. Greene, Robert L. Schmidt, Gabrielle Winston-McPherson, Jessica Rongitsch, Katherine L. Imborek, Jane A. Dickerson, Julia C. Drees, Robert M. Humble, Nicole Nisly, Nancy J. Dole, Susan K. Dane, Janice Frerichs, Matthew D. Krasowski
Summary: The study found that in transgender men undergoing gender-affirming therapy, immunoassay and mass spectrometry results were clinically equivalent, and reference intervals for cisgender men can be applied to total and free testosterone. However, reference intervals for estradiol, LH, FSH, AMH, and DHEAS differ from those for cisgender men and women, and specific reference intervals for the transmasculine population should be used for interpretation.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raja Narayanasamy, Dandamudi Usharani, Ram Rajasekharan
Summary: This study investigated the role of ABHD16B in lipid metabolism. The overexpression of ABHD16B was found to decrease cellular triacylglycerol levels and increase phospholipid synthesis in yeast cells. Additionally, ABHD16B overexpression led to a reduction in lipid droplets and significant modifications in fatty acid composition. These findings highlight the importance of ABHD16B in lipid homeostasis and provide insights into its regulatory function in cellular lipid metabolism.
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS
(2024)
