Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kai Girod, Heiko Lohmann, Stefan Kaluza
Summary: An on-site laboratory with direct access to cleaned and conditioned steel mill gases has recently been put into operation to investigate the long-term performance and stability of Clariant's MegaMax (R) 800 methanol synthesis catalyst utilizing steel mill gases. Initial test results indicate that in order to study deactivation mechanisms of the cleaned steel mill gases' particular properties, the overlaying effect of the thermal deactivation of the catalyst needs to be minimized.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ankur Gaikwad, Daniel Maga, Stefan Schluter
Summary: The Carbon2Chem project aims to use industrial waste gases as a carbon source for chemical production. By comparing the impacts of integrated production and traditional production, it is found that Carbon2Chem technologies can reduce the global warming impact. Optimizing the demand for external hydrogen is key to minimizing the global warming impact of chemicals.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Johanna Kleinekorte, Matthias Leitl, Christian Zibunas, Andre Bardow
Summary: Both the global steel and chemical industries contribute significantly to industrial greenhouse gas emissions, with GHG emissions strongly related to the consumption of fossil resources. The climate-optimal utilization of steel mill off-gases can reduce fossil resource consumption and GHG emissions. The study shows that the optimal utilization of steel mill off-gases depends on the carbon footprint of electricity. By coupling the global steel and chemical industry, industrial GHG emissions can be greatly reduced.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rui P. P. L. Ribeiro, Julio E. Sosa, Joao M. M. Araujo, Ana B. Pereiro, Jose P. B. Mota
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of a four-step Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA) process for the recovery of R-32 from a R410A refrigerant blend. The results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of using VSA processes for the recovery of high purity R-32.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eleni Heracleous, Vasiliki Koidi, Angelos A. Lappas, Alexander Hauser, Stephane Haag
Summary: The use of steel-work off-gases as a CO2 source for methanol production is a promising strategy for decarbonizing the steel industry. However, typical impurities in the off-gases, such as sulfur, nitrogen, sodium, calcium, and iron, can reduce the activity of a commercial catalyst. The presence of sulfur and nitrogen has less critical impact on the catalyst performance compared to other impurities.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Johannes Michael Voss, Torben Daun, Christian Geitner, Stefan Schlueter, Tim Schulzke
Summary: A demonstration plant for methanol synthesis using steel mill gases was operated continuously for 5 weeks, with temperature profiles and gas compositions being measured online. The results from simulation and experiments showed good agreement.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Reva Bhardwaj, Tanvi Sharma, Dinh Duc Nguyen, Chin Kui Cheng, Su Shiung Lam, Changlei Xia, Ashok Kumar Nadda
Summary: This review article discusses the conversion of CO2 into methanol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote industrial growth. Utilizing plants, algae, microbial enzymes, and various materials for sustainable CO2 recycling can help reduce the global carbon footprint. Methanol, as a clean-burning fuel with diverse industrial applications, is a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-based fuels for a safer and cleaner environment.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sabine Spiess, Amaia Sasiain Conde, Jiri Kucera, David Novak, Sophie Thallner, Nina Kieberger, Georg M. M. Guebitz, Marianne Haberbauer
Summary: Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) combine the biological conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) with the formation of valuable products such as methane. This study investigated the utilization of real exhaust gas as a CO2 source for methane production in a fully biocatalyzed MEC. The results showed that although the methane production rate was lower with steel mill off-gas compared to pure CO2, methane production still occurred.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tingting Xu, Zhaoyi Huo, Tong Wang, Jiawei Lv, Yixuan Han, Lin Mu
Summary: This paper presents a multiperiod mixed integer linear programming model for optimizing the gas-steam-power system in iron and steel enterprises to simultaneously optimize total cost and carbon emission reduction. The results showed that the system could achieve carbon reduction only when the total cost attained a certain value in multiobjective optimization.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Raktim Sen, Alain Goeppert, G. K. Surya Prakash
Summary: The traditional economy based on carbon-intensive fuels and materials has led to a significant increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, directly linked to global warming. The methanol economy, with its core concept of chemically recycling CO2 to produce green methanol, offers a prime opportunity for achieving carbon neutrality. Homogeneous catalytic systems have recently emerged as a major research focus for synthesizing methanol from CO2 as a low-temperature alternative to commercial processes.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Florian Nestler, Johannes Full, Jan-Marc Jaeckle, Johannes Linsenmeier, Johanna Roob, Max J. Hadrich, Achim Schaadt
Summary: Utilizing the gas streams produced by the iron and steel industry to synthesize synthetic fuels or chemicals is a promising way to start a technical carbon cycle. However, synthesizing methanol from cleaned blast furnace gas is challenging due to the high inert gas content and fluctuations in gas supply. In this study, a mini-plant setup with an adiabatic quench bed reactor was used to operate cleaned blast furnace gas under various process conditions. Experimental data was used to validate a simulation model for optimizing process operational parameters, showing a high agreement between experimental and simulation data.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
B. Balinee, P. G. Ranjith, Herbert E. Huppert
Summary: The article discusses the impact of building material production on global carbon emissions and presents methods to reduce environmental impact through the use of waste and carbon sequestration. By incorporating discarded aluminum foil and industrial waste gases into cement, the performance and sustainability of cement can be improved. This approach significantly reduces carbon emissions, lowers costs, and stores a large amount of CO2.
GEOMECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS FOR GEO-ENERGY AND GEO-RESOURCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Martin Peters, Christian Geitner, Birte Friederike Verhoeven
Summary: In this study, a bench-scale electric swing adsorption plant was used to investigate the electrothermal desorption behavior. Technically relevant factors such as maximum electric power, purge gas flow, and desorption temperature were varied. The study was planned using a central composite design for the experiments. Different quality criteria were defined to describe the macroscopic behavior of the desorption process. The results were used to develop correlating models through multiple linear regression, which can accurately predict energy demand, purge gas total volume, and desorption time.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hiroki Koizumi, Katsuhiko Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Norihisa Fukaya, Kazuhiko Sato, Masahito Uchida, Seiji Matsumoto, Satoshi Hamura, Jun-Chul Choi
Summary: This article introduces a new method for synthesizing N-substituted carbamic acid esters (CAEs) using low purity and low concentration of CO2, which can reduce CO2 emissions and eliminate the energy-consuming processes of purifying and concentrating CO2.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sviatoslav Kryshtopa, Krzysztof Gorski, Rafal Longwic, Ruslans Smigins, Liudmyla Kryshtopa
Summary: This work focuses on converting existing diesel power drives to gas fuels, particularly methanol, as a cheaper and more environmentally friendly alternative. By improving energy efficiency methods and considering the thermochemical essence of fuel energy increase, the feasibility and benefits of such conversion were demonstrated through experimental studies. The results showed significant reductions in fuel consumption and improved environmental performance of diesel engines when using methanol conversion products.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ieva A. Cechanaviciute, Rajini P. Antony, Olga A. Krysiak, Thomas Quast, Stefan Dieckhoefer, Sascha Saddeler, Pascal Telaar, Chen Yen-Ting, Martin Muhler, Wolfgang Schuhmann
Summary: Multi-metal electrocatalysts offer a wide range of catalytic possibilities through synergistic element interactions. This study presents a polymer/metal precursor spraying technique that enables the production of diverse multi-metal catalyst materials. The synthesized catalysts, including CoNiFeMoCr, were characterized and tested for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The CoNiFeMoCr catalyst exhibited a polycrystalline structure, and operando Raman measurements indicated the involvement of multiple active sites. Additionally, CoNiFeMoCr electrodes supported by Ni foam were utilized for water splitting in flow-through electrolysis cells and alkaline membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configurations, showing promising performance with high current densities.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kinran Lau, Felix Niemann, Kaltum Abdiaziz, Markus Heidelmann, Yuke Yang, Yujin Tong, Michael Fechtelkord, Torsten C. Schmidt, Alexander Schnegg, R. Kramer Campen, Baoxiang Peng, Martin Muhler, Sven Reichenberger, Stephan Barcikowski
Summary: Both oxygen vacancies and surface hydroxyls have significant impacts on catalysis, but their relationship is often overlooked. In this study, TiO2 (rutile and P25) samples with increasing oxygen deficiency and Ti3+ concentration are prepared using pulsed laser defect engineering in liquid (PUDEL), and the acidic and basic surface hydroxyls are selectively quantified by fluoride substitution. The results show that near-surface Ti3+ is closely related to surface bridging OH, and the former may increase the electron density of the bridging oxygen to form more of the latter. The method of fluoride substitution is expected to provide a better characterization of surface hydroxyls and their correlation with defects in metal oxides.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Duoyue Tang, Zewen Shen, Sebastian Lechler, Guilong Lu, Ling Yao, Yezi Hu, Xiubing Huang, Martin Muhler, Guixia Zhao, Baoxiang Peng
Summary: In this study, an environmentally friendly catalytic approach using oxygen vacancies-enriched titanium-based oxides and water as solvent at room temperature for the lactonization of various aromatic and aliphatic diols was reported. The results showed that oxygen vacancies as strong Lewis acid sites played a pivotal role in the superior catalytic activities at room temperature, attributed to the enhanced reaction rate of the lactonization process.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Geiss, J. Bueker, J. Schulte, B. Peng, M. Muhler, M. Winterer
Summary: The purpose of this study is to examine the structure and identify subtle changes of LaCo1-xFexO3 nanoparticles after catalysis. Small nanoparticles with varying iron content were synthesized and tested in cyclohexene oxidation. The crystal and local structure of the nanoparticles are investigated using X-ray and electron diffraction techniques. The catalytic activities of the cobalt-containing samples are significantly affected by changes in the local structure surrounding the cations in the perovskite phase.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Benjamin Mockenhaupt, Philipp Schwiderowski, Jelena Jelic, Felix Studt, Martin Muhler, Malte Behrens
Summary: The active site of the industrially used Cu/ZnO catalyst for methanol formation is still controversial. Ammonia has been used as a probe molecule and it was found to inhibit methanol synthesis in CO2-containing synthesis gas. In this study, an industrial-type Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was used to investigate poisoning effects. Injection of trimethylamine (TMA) and ammonia during steady-state methanol synthesis in a CO2/CO/H2 synthesis gas reversibly poisoned methanol formation, with ammonia showing stronger poisoning effect than TMA. DFT calculations provided a mechanism for ammonia poisoning, suggesting activation of ammonia on adsorbed oxygen or hydroxyl groups, followed by reaction with CO2 to form a stable carbamate on the active site.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Kevin Ollegott, Philipp Wirth, Christian Oberste-Beulmann, Gokul Siddarth Mani Sakthi, Aliya Magazova, Patrick Hermanns, Niklas Peters, Lars Schuecke, Vera Bracht, David W. Agar, Peter Awakowicz, Martin Muhler
Summary: Dielectric barrier discharges have shown promise as an emerging technology for gas purification challenges. This study investigated the flow conditions of a twin-surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) using Schlieren imaging and fluid dynamics simulations. The results revealed the important role of plasma-induced mass transport in achieving efficient gas mixing for improved SDBD reactors.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Subhasis Das, Lukas Tillmann, Wei Xia, Martin Muhler
Summary: NiCo nanoalloy catalysts were prepared and tested for CO2 reforming of methane at atmospheric and 2 MPa pressure. The Ni6Co1 catalyst showed the highest stability and activity under atmospheric pressure, attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of nanoalloy particles on the support. However, coke deposition caused slow deactivation under 2 MPa pressure. Modification with Fe (Ni6Co0.5Fe0.5) formed ternary NiCoFe nanoalloy with improved metal-support interaction and reduced alloy size, significantly improving the coke resistance and stability under 2 MPa pressure.
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Christian Oberste-Beulmann, Timothy Oppotsch, Martin Muhler
Summary: In this study, a surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor was used to remove oxygen traces from coke oven gas (COG) contaminated with toluene. The adverse effect of toluene on O-2 conversion was observed in a H-2/N-2/O-2 mixture but remained unchanged in synthetic COG. Online gas chromatography (GC) showed that toluene reactivity is mainly driven by H-2/N-2/O-2. GC coupled with mass spectrometry analysis of the accumulated residue revealed ring-opening and functionalization reactions of toluene.
PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Bhawana Kumari, Michael Braun, Steffen Cychy, Ignacio Sanjuan, Gereon Behrendt, Malte Behrens, Martin Muhler, Corina Andronescu
Summary: In this work, the electrooxidation of solketal (SOR), acetal-protected glycerol, is explored over Cu-Co hydroxycarbonates to promote the formation of glycerol-derived C3 products and to limit Cu leaching from the catalyst. The competition between oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and SOR was evaluated, and the solketal de-acetalization as a function of potential was studied. The solketal/OH- ratio was found to affect the reaction selectivity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Till Eckhard, Christin Pflieger, Jannik Boettger, Pascal Telaar, Francesca Cerciello, Martin Muhler
Summary: The catalytic effect of minerals on biomass conversion, with a focus on Fe and alkali/alkaline earth metals typically found in biomass minerals, was studied. A mineral-free reference hydrochar and a cellulose-based char material were systematically doped with sulfates of different metallic inorganic elements. Thermogravimetric reactivity measurements revealed Fe sulfate as one of the most active minerals, and alkali metal sulfates as more active than alkaline earth metal sulfates. Doping also influenced the carbon structural parameter. The derived parameters provide a comprehensive description of catalytic effects, taking into account the type of mineral, loading, atmosphere, and fuel morphology.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Constantin Neuroth, Zaka-ul-islam Mujahid, Birk Berger, Christian Oberste-Beulmann, Timothy Oppotsch, Quan-Zhi Zhang, Martin Muhler, Thomas Mussenbrock, Ihor Korolov, Julian Schulze
Summary: Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are promising tools for air pollution removal and gas conversion. Catalyst loading of dielectric pellets can improve such processes. Experimental investigation shows that different catalyst materials and locations have different effects on the discharge.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Boeddecker, Arisa Bodnar, Lars Schuecke, Jonas Giesekus, Katja Wenselau, Ryan T. Nguyen-Smith, Timothy Oppotsch, Christian Oberste-Beulmann, Martin Muhler, Andrew R. Gibson, Peter Awakowicz
Summary: This article presents a scalable twin surface dielectric barrier discharge system for pollution remediation at high gas flow rates.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Manufacturing
Anika Wacht, Stefan Kaluza, Philipp Fleiger
Summary: This work explores the process chain from capturing CO2 from a cement plant to producing e-fuels, aiming to reduce CO2 emissions. It demonstrates the potential of a specific CCU process chain in the cement industry to reduce CO2 emissions. An overview of applicable technologies for the process chain is provided. Mass and energy balances are calculated based on emissions from a BAT cement plant, showing that producing e-fuels as a CCU measure represents a promising option to reduce CO2 emissions in the cement industry.
SMART, SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING IN AN EVER-CHANGING WORLD, COMA '22
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Penghu Guo, Shuhua Zhang, Huicheng Cheng, Xingye Zeng, Hanlu Wang, Roland A. Fischer, Martin Muhler
Summary: As a detrimental pollutant, volatile organic compound (VOC) removal is a hot topic in research, and styrene oxidation is one of the focus areas. In this study, a series of hierarchically porous defect-engineered metal-organic frameworks (HP-DEMOFs) were prepared by in situ doping of 5-aminoisophthalic acid (5-NH2-H(2)ip) into a microporous Cu-BTC structure. These HP-DEMOFs exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity in the styrene oxidation reaction compared to the microporous Cu-BTC structure.
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pascal Telaar, Patrick Diehl, Tim Herrendorf, Sven Schaefer, Wolfgang Kleist, Martin Muhler
Summary: The K content of Mn-Co-based catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis was successfully lowered by an additional washing step and substitution method. These methods changed the structural properties of the catalyst, increased CO conversion, and improved the selectivity of primary and secondary alcohols.
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
