Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gill M. Biesold, Shuang Liang, Blair Brettmann, Naresh Thadhani, Zhitao Kang, Zhiqun Lin
Summary: This review introduces colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and examines the effects of uniform pressure on the optical properties of various semiconductor nanocrystals, summarizing the optical properties of these nanocrystals under static and dynamic pressure. Future research directions and applications utilizing the pressure-dependent optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals are also discussed.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xue Bai, Finn Purcell-Milton, Yurii K. Gun'ko
Summary: Cu-Based quantum dots are being explored as a potential replacement for toxic Cd- or Pb-based QDs, with studies focusing on the impact of different reaction conditions on the resulting morphologies and optical properties. By carefully controlling the ZnS shell deposition, researchers have optimized the synthesis of CIZS/ZnS/ZnS QDs and produced highly fluorescent core/shell/shell heterostructured QDs with high PLQYs. Additionally, the successful creation of giant ZnS shell QDs opens up possibilities for further development in this area.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huanqin Guan, Cooro Harris, Shouheng Sun
Summary: Functional nanoparticles have been extensively studied for their unique properties and promising applications in nanosciences and nanotechnologies. The preparation of monodisperse nanoparticles is crucial for tuning and optimizing their physical and chemical properties. Metal-ligand interactions play essential roles in synthesizing and stabilizing nanoparticles, and recent research has focused on using organic bipolar ligands to control nanoparticle formation and functions. By understanding and controlling metal-ligand interactions, researchers have made significant progress in improving catalysis and electronic transport across nanoparticles.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Song Jia, Ming Liu, Xinhu Liang, Xiaojuan Li, Xuefei Wang, Zhiyuan Tian
Summary: This study demonstrates the modulation of luminous color in low-concentration Yb/Er/Tm-codoped UCNPs through manipulation of laser power or pulse parameters. The role of Tm(3+) species as the red-emission-associated transient energy trapping center can be attenuated by Yb3+-mediated laser-power-dependent sensitization processes. The unique feature of dual-mode luminous color modulation enables high-level anticounterfeiting applications in specific scenarios.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yahong Chai, Qi Lou, Min Xu, Song Hong, Feng Feng, Yajing Liu, Qilong Li, Xueyan Feng, Hanzhang Xiao, Ao Chen, Xiuyu Wang, Li Yao
Summary: This study proposes a novel nanotechnology solution to resolve the contradiction between nanoscale size and high saturation magnetization (M-s) in nanomagnetic materials. By constructing heterointerfaces of exchange-coupling core-shell nanocrystals, the overall magnetic moment is oriented, ultimately enhancing the M-s. It is demonstrated that the origin of coupling heterointerfaces is primarily due to lattice mismatch rather than chemical composition mismatch at the core-shell interfaces.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yahong Chai, Qi Lou, Min Xu, Song Hong, Feng Feng, Yajing Liu, Qilong Li, Xueyan Feng, Hanzhang Xiao, Ao Chen, Xiuyu Wang, Li Yao
Summary: This study proposes a novel nanotechnology solution to resolve the contradictions between nanoscale size and high saturation magnetization in nanomagnetic materials. The solution involves constructing heterointerfaces of exchange-coupling core-shell nanocrystals to rearrange surface spin and enhance the magnetization. Experimental results demonstrate that constructing coupling heterointerfaces can orientate the overall magnetic moment, ultimately enhancing the magnetization of nanomagnetic materials.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sankar Sekar, Sejoon Lee
Summary: High-quality silicon nanocrystals derived from rice husks exhibit excellent optical and textural characteristics, especially those derived from brown rice husks. These nanocrystals show multiple luminescence peaks and high specific surface area, indicating their potential use in optoelectronic devices and energy conversion devices.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kui He, Yue Tan, Zhipeng Zhao, Huarui Chen, Jinbin Liu
Summary: The study achieved controllable weak anchoring sites of luminescent gold nanoparticles and demonstrated the importance of N-Au and COO-Au weak anchoring sites in the behavior of AuNPs, opening up new possibilities for advances in the field of nanomedicine.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingshan S. Du, Vinayak P. Dravid, Chad A. Mirkin
Summary: A library of well-defined Au-Cu alloy nanocrystals with specific compositions and structures has been created using scanning probe block copolymer lithography, providing a valuable tool for mapping composition and structure space and determining the necessary conditions for accessing specific structures. This approach has led to the discovery of a previously unseen architecture, called an intermetallic nanoprism, that is formed through hierarchical atom stacking. The distinctive diffraction patterns observed in these structures serve as diagnostic indicators. Examination of the library's pseudospherical particles revealed a specific interfacial configuration within the intermetallic nanocrystals. This parallel kinetic-control approach offers a rapid and cost-effective method for exploring complex nanocrystals that could have applications in catalysis and plasmonic sensing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Burak Guzelturk, Benjamin L. Cotts, Dipti Jasrasaria, John P. Philbin, David A. Hanifi, Brent A. Koscher, Arunima D. Balan, Ethan Curling, Marc Zajac, Suji Park, Nuri Yazdani, Clara Nyby, Vladislav Kamysbayev, Stefan Fischer, Zach Nett, Xiaozhe Shen, Michael E. Kozina, Ming-Fu Lin, Alexander H. Reid, Stephen P. Weathersby, Richard D. Schaller, Vanessa Wood, Xijie Wang, Jennifer A. Dionne, Dmitri Talapin, A. Paul Alivisatos, Alberto Salleo, Eran Rabani, Aaron M. Lindenberg
Summary: A study reveals that transient lattice deformations are observed in photoexcited nanocrystals, with surface deformations induced by localized charges at trap sites. The structural distortions are influenced by the excitation energy, showing different behaviors when the photon energy is above or close to the bandgap.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lei Qiu, Haonan Ju, Mengyu Guan, Wei Wang, Wenxin Mao, Zhigao Dai, Guogang Li
Summary: A novel approach using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for recycling lead (II) management in perovskite materials is developed, achieving recyclable adsorption-desorption of lead (II) and preventing lead (II) leakage.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
David Stone, Somnath Koley, Sergei Remennik, Lior Asor, Yossef E. Panfil, Tom Naor, Uri Banin
Summary: In this study, luminescent wurtzite InP nanocrystals with narrow size distribution were successfully synthesized, showing highly resolved absorption spectrum and narrow emission line. Anisotropy measurements demonstrated polarized transitions directly reflecting the anisotropic wurtzite lattice of the nanocrystals.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuxiu Jia, Hui Liu, Peng Cai, Xinran Liu, Luolisha Wang, Ling Ding, Guiyun Xu, Wei Wang, Mingxia Jiao, Xiliang Luo
Summary: This study presents an aqueous synthesis approach for Cu-In-Se/ZnS quantum dots emitting in the near-infrared spectral range. The photoluminescence of the dots can be effectively controlled by adjusting the sulfur source, resulting in increased quantum yields by four times and red-shifted emission peaks from 809 nm to 830 nm.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Francesco D'Acierno, Isabelle Capron
Summary: This article explores the surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by adsorbing tannic acid (TA) and two alkyl cellulose derivatives (ACDs), demonstrating their tunable nature while maintaining sustainability. The study compares the impact of ACD adsorption mixed with CNCs and CNCs precoated with TA (CNC@TA), varying ACD weight fractions in CNC suspensions. The results show that CNC@ACD and CNC@TA@ACD aqueous suspensions display good colloidal stability in water, with altered surface properties.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kun-Che Kao, An-Chih Yang, Weixin Huang, Chengshuang Zhou, Emmett D. Goodman, Alexander Holm, Curtis W. Frank, Matteo Cargnello
Summary: The study demonstrates a general approach for depositing hydrophobic ligand-stabilized nanocrystals on hydrophilic oxide supports without ligand exchange, achieving high loadings. Surface functionalization of the supports with primary amine groups using organosilane or bonding with aminoalcohols significantly improves the interaction between nanocrystals and supports.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lucia Martinez-Goyeneche, Lidon Gil-Escrig, Daniel Tordera, Cristina Roldan-Carmona, Henk J. J. Bolink, Michele Sessolo
Summary: The research team developed a photodetector that can operate in broadband and narrowband modes depending on the illumination side. By depositing a low bandgap perovskite material on a transparent substrate, broadband response is achieved when illuminated from the bottom, while narrowband response is obtained when light is shined through the top perovskite based on the energy difference of the two perovskites. This study is significant for color discrimination and selective wavelength photodetection in imaging applications.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anderzon F. Palechor-Ocampo, Jorge Caram, Pedro Hierrezuelo-Cardet, Federico Ventosinos, Daniel Perez-del-Rey, Henk J. Bolink, Javier A. Schmidt
Summary: This study characterized the film of CH3NH3PbI3 deposited by thermal sublimation on different substrates using time-dependent photoconductivity measurements. The experimental results showed that the substrate had a significant effect on the behavior of the perovskite, and the photoconductivity was sensitive enough to probe these effects. Furthermore, a theoretical explanation based on the Shockley-Read-Hall statistics model was proposed, which explained the different photoconductivity responses by changing the relative values of the capture coefficients and the position of the Fermi level. It was suggested that the substrate changed the stoichiometry of the evaporated material, affecting the transient photoconductivity response.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tatiana Soto-Montero, Suzana Kralj, Wiria Soltanpoor, Junia S. Solomon, Jennifer S. Gomez, Kassio P. S. Zanoni, Abhyuday Paliwal, Henk J. Bolink, Christoph Baeumer, Arno P. M. Kentgens, Monica Morales-Masis
Summary: Vapor deposition shows great potential for scalable and industrial processing of perovskite solar cells, offering advantages such as toxicity-free processing, thickness control, and uniform coating. However, the different volatilities of the organic and inorganic components of perovskites currently require multiple thermal sources or two-step deposition. In this study, single-source, single-step pulsed laser deposition is demonstrated for the deposition of tunable MA(1-x)FA(x)PbI(3) thin films. The room temperature formation of cubic alpha-phase MA(1-x)FA(x)PbI(3) films is achieved by controlling laser ablation of a solid target with adjustable ratios of MAI:FAI:PbI2. The target-to-film transfer of the ablated species is confirmed, and proof-of-concept solar cells with 14% efficiency are demonstrated. This research paves the way for future developments in industry-compatible vapor deposition methods for perovskite solar cells.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Leonardo Andreoni, Giovanni Mariano Beneventi, Gabriele Giovanardi, Gianpiero Cera, Alberto Credi, Arturo Arduini, Andrea Secchi, Serena Silvi
Summary: We synthesized and characterized a dansyl calix[6]arene derivative and its pseudorotaxane complex, and found that it has remarkable complexation ability. The dansyl moieties in the derivative can signal the state of the system through fluorescence, be reversibly protonated to modulate the complexation abilities, and participate in photoinduced electron transfer processes to tune the stability of the complex.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Damian E. Yerien, Jessica Groppi, Al Postigo, Alberto Credi, Romina S. Conde, Massimo Baroncini, Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
Summary: Modified crown ethers are essential in supramolecular chemistry, and have applications in various fields such as phase transfer catalysis, metal extraction, smart materials, and molecular machines. In this study, a one-pot highly selective photocatalytic fluoroalkylation protocol was developed for the mono-functionalization of benzo substituted crown ethers. With broad applicability and high yield, this method allows for the late-stage functionalization of various aromatic crown ethers, including those involved in mechanically interlocked molecules.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bas A. H. Huisman, Henk J. Bolink
Summary: An easy process to fabricate highly luminescent and color-pure polymer-encapsulated halide perovskite color converters is reported. By adjusting the weight percentage of the perovskite in the polymer, the disk can be opaque or transmissive. The disks are stable in air for over 2 months and white light can be obtained by illuminating it with a blue light source by inserting a secondary emitter.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stefano Corra, Massimiliano Curcio, Alberto Credi
Summary: Accurate control of long-range motion at the molecular scale is crucial for energy storage and bionanotechnology. Recent developments have focused on directional operation of man-made molecular motors away from thermal equilibrium. This paper provides a critical assessment of light-driven artificial molecular motors, discussing design criteria and future advances in this research area.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kassio P. S. Zanoni, Daniel Perez-del-Rey, Chris Dreessen, Nathan Rodkey, Michele Sessolo, Wiria Soltanpoor, Monica Morales-Masis, Henk J. Bolink
Summary: This study investigates the application of SnO2-based electron transport layers (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is found that by controlling the deposition parameters of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, SnO2 films with low roughness can be obtained. The concentration of oxygen in the background gas is also shown to affect the number of oxygen vacancies in the film. Solar cells with methyl-ammonium lead iodide perovskite absorber layer and SnO2 ETL deposited by PLD under optimized conditions achieve power conversion efficiencies exceeding 18%, comparable to those with atomic layer deposited SnO2 ETL.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bas A. H. Huisman, Camilla Bordoni, Andrea Ciavatti, Michele Sessolo, Beatrice Fraboni, Henk J. Bolink
Summary: This paper describes a simple and solvent-free method to fabricate polymer-encapsulated halide perovskite photoconductors. The CsPbBr3 is prepared using a dry mechanochemical synthesis in the presence of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA). The resulting composite powder is then heated and pressed into a free-standing disk, which can be laminated on a glass substrate with interdigitated electrodes to form a planar photoconductor device. The best photoconductive performance is achieved with disks containing 75 wt.% CsPbBr3 in PBMA, reaching a detectivity of & AP;2 x 1011 Jones. Narrowband detectors can be obtained by adjusting the disk thickness. The disks also show potential as absorber materials for X-ray detectors, with low detection limit, fast and linear response.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joost W. C. Reinders, Cristina Roldan-Carmona, Henk J. Bolink, Francisco Palazon
Summary: This study reports on the fabrication of Mg(3)Bi(2) thin films under Mg-rich and Mg-poor conditions and demonstrates that Mg-deficient films show p-type conduction behavior with high power factor and thermoelectric figure of merit, while increasing the amount of Mg enables the formation of Mg-rich Mg3Bi2 films with n-type conduction and higher power factor and thermoelectric figure of merit at lower temperatures.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Leonardo Andreoni, Federica Cester Bonati, Jessica Groppi, Davide Balestri, Gianpiero Cera, Alberto Credi, Andrea Secchi, Serena Silvi
Summary: We synthesized and characterized [2]rotaxanes based on a stilbazolium dye and a calix[6]arene macrocycle. Due to the non-symmetry of both components, two orientational isomers were obtained. The two isomers exhibited distinct photophysical and photochemical properties in solution and solid state, surpassing the unencapsulated dye.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Letter
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Oleksandr Stroyuk, Oleksandra Raievska, Paz Sebastia-Luna, Bas A. H. Huisman, Christian Kupfer, Anastasia Barabash, Jens Hauch, Henk J. Bolink, Christoph J. Brabec
Summary: The thermal deposition of lead-free double perovskites for transparent thin films is challenging due to the need to balance the evaporation dynamics of multiple metal halide sources or synthesize a single-phase precursor. This study demonstrates the feasibility of single-source vacuum deposition to produce transparent nanocrystalline films of microcrystalline Cs2AgxNa1-xBiyIn1-yCl6 double perovskites while maintaining their bulk spectral and structural properties. The perovskite films derived from the most emissive powders exhibited a photoluminescence quantum yield of 85%, indicating the promising use of thermal evaporation for perovskite-based optical materials.
ACS MATERIALS LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jai-Ram Mistry, Stephanie Montanaro, Iain A. A. Wright
Summary: Molecular size and shape greatly influence the electronic structure and photophysical properties of organic optoelectronic molecules. Small structural changes can fine tune the functionalities of these molecules, while enforcing homoconjugation can have even more significant effects. Triptycene, as an archetypical homoconjugated molecule, provides insights into optimizing functional molecular properties. This review highlights the enhanced optoelectronic properties of triptycene-based molecules and discusses their performance and future potential in devices.
MATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nina Bukhtiiarova, Alberto Credi, Stefano Corra
Summary: In this study, we designed a rotaxane molecular shuttle that can precisely tune the distribution of the ring among two weak recognition sites by changing solvent polarity or the nature of counteranions. The shuttling of the ring can also be toggled by acid-base stimuli, providing a paradigmatic approach for sensing environmental changes and transducing them into a coconformational response.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nina Bukhtiiarova, Alberto Credi, Stefano Corra
Summary: This is a rotaxane molecular shuttle that uses triazolium and tertiary ammonium units as weak recognition sites for the ring. The distribution of the ring among the two sites can be precisely tuned by changing the solvent polarity or the nature of the counteranions, and the shuttling of the ring between the two stations can be toggled by acid-base stimuli.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dan He, Yawen Li, Fuwen Zhao, Yuze Lin
Summary: High trap density in organic solar cells leads to localized charge carriers and reduced carrier lifetime, limiting device efficiency. This feature article summarizes the recent advances of trap suppression by material design and device engineering.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Olivier Monfort, Arshitha Madhusudhan, Martin Motola
Summary: This article presents the advantages of coupling photocatalysis and Fenton-based processes for environmental remediation and discusses their synergy. It critically examines the simultaneous triggering of these two processes and provides insights into research approaches. The study aims to enhance understanding of this complex process and highlight the potential integration of new catalysts in current wastewater treatment technology.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Manideepa Dhar, Chittaranjan Mishra, Avijit Das, Uttam Manna
Summary: An approach of 'polymerization of monomers in its aggregated form' has been introduced to tailor the water wettability of fibrous and porous substrates, achieving hydrophobicity to superhydrophobicity transition, as well as patterned wettability. This facile chemical method provides a durable coating with adjustable and patterned wettability for various potential applications.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Saswat Ranjan Bhoi, Chhanda Debnath, Shikha Gandhi
Summary: In this article, a novel catalytic reaction using Pd(0) and Bronsted acid is reported for the synthesis of biologically important imidazolidinone-fused N-heterocycles through redox-neutral intramolecular N-allylation of indoles and pyrroles with alkynes. This atom-economical method is applicable to a wide range of substrates and eliminates the need for leaving groups or oxidizing agents commonly used in traditional allylation reactions.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Longkun Chen, Mingshuai Zhang, Meichen Liu, Zhuoyuan Liu, Yuetong Qiu, Zhilai Zhang, Fuchao Yu, Jiuzhong Huang
Summary: In this study, an efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed selective mono- and dual-C-H bond functionalization/cyclization with iodonium ylide as the sole coupling partner was demonstrated. Fused benzodiazepine skeletons were obtained in excellent yields, providing an improved approach to dual C-H unsymmetrical functionalization.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alice Kennett, Sven Epple, Gabriella van der Valk, Irene Georgiou, Evelyne Gout, Romain R. Vives, Angela J. Russell
Summary: This study presents the design and synthesis of sulfated disaccharide inhibitors based on IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S), which showed potent inhibition of Sulf-2. The results suggest that IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S) is the shortest fragment size required for effective inhibition of Sulfs, and a trisulfated disaccharide is identified as the minimal fragment size of heparan sulfate for effective endosulfatase inhibition.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mauro Garbini, Andrea Brunetti, Riccardo Pedrazzani, Magda Monari, Massimo Marcaccio, Giulio Bertuzzi, Marco Bandini
Summary: The self-adaptability of galvanostatic electrolysis was found to be helpful in a multistage chemo- and diastereoselective electrochemically promoted cyclodimerization of chalcones. Through a series of reductive events, densely functionalized cyclopentanes with five contiguous stereocenters were obtained (25 examples, yields up to 95%, dr values up to >20:1). Further experimental and electrochemical investigations indicated the crucial role of dynamic kinetic resolution of the aldol intermediate in the reaction mechanism.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dhananjay S. Nipate, Neha Meena, Prakash N. Swami, Krishnan Rangan, Anil Kumar
Summary: In this study, the synthesis of functionalized benzo[a]phenazines and indazolo[2,3-a]quinolines was achieved through Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidative annulation of 2-arylquinoxalines and 2-aryl-2H-indazoles with allyl alcohols. The method showed a wide substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, good to high yields of annulated products, and the capability for scaled-up synthesis. A tentative mechanism of the annulation reaction was proposed based on a preliminary mechanistic investigation.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ruonan Zhang, Abudukadi Tudi, Xia Yang, Xuping Wang, Zhihua Yang, Shujuan Han, Shilie Pan
Summary: A new lead tellurium borate material with a unique fundamental building block [B4O10] was synthesized and found to exhibit high birefringence. The structure-property relationship was discussed using first-principles calculations.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Amresh Kumar Singh, Baishali Thakurta, Anupam Giri, Monalisa Pal
Summary: This study introduces three key concepts for the quick synthesis of large-scale high-quality 2D materials films and their utilization in device fabrication.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Reina Hagiwara, Shun Nishimura, Kosuke Okeyoshi
Summary: A copolymer-conjugated nanocatalytic system has been developed to improve electron transfer and enhance photoinduced H2 generation.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
