Review
Clinical Neurology
Sumire Sato, Julia T. Choi
Summary: This narrative review aims to establish a framework for understanding age-related changes in neural control of human locomotor adaptation, focusing on reactive feedback and predictive feedforward control driven by sensory feedback during locomotion. The effects of aging on different locomotor adaptation paradigms will be discussed in light of the neural mechanisms underlying locomotion.
Article
Neurosciences
Dulce M. Mariscal, Erin V. L. Vasudevan, Laura A. Malone, Gelsy Torres-Oviedo, Amy J. Bastian
Summary: Humans have the ability to adapt and correct movement errors based on changes in the body and environment. This study suggests that the ability to adapt locomotor patterns in different environments decreases with age, indicating that age and experience play crucial roles in regulating the specificity of motor learning.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaap P. P. Saers, Adam D. Gordon, Timothy M. Ryan, Jay T. Stock
Summary: This paper shows that the trabecular bone structure provides insights into ontogenetic variation in locomotor loading conditions, as the product of interactions between increases in body mass and neuromuscular maturation. The age-related changes in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) are strongly associated with ontogenetic changes in locomotor kinetics, which are in turn associated with brain and body size growth in all species. These findings imply that trabecular structure can be a proxy for the rate of neuromuscular maturation and major life history events in fossil subadults.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Tonnes F. Nygaard, Charles P. Martin, Jim Torresen, Kyrre Glette, David Howard
Summary: The study introduces the first quadrupedal robot capable of morphologically adapting to different environmental conditions in outdoor, unstructured environments. Through embodied AI and an adaptation algorithm, the robot transitions between the most energy-efficient morphologies based on currently sensed terrains, showing significant performance improvements over non-adaptive approaches. This demonstration highlights the potential for a new embodied way of incorporating adaptation into future robotic designs.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Safiye Cavdar, Busra Kose, Damlasu Altinoz, Mazhar Ozkan, Yasin Celal Gunes, Oktay Algin
Summary: This study investigates the afferent and efferent connections of the supplementary motor area (SMA) with brainstem structures and clarifies its relationship with the corticospinal tract (CST). The results show that the SMA has both afferent and efferent connections with various brainstem structures, which contribute to its motor and non-motor functions. These findings provide new insights into the role of the SMA in brainstem networks.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mary A. Bucklin, Geoffrey Brown, Keith E. Gordon
Summary: This study demonstrates that people adapt their COM trajectory in response to force fields applied in different directions, suggesting that they adjust their gait patterns based on changes in the external environment.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weipang Chang, Melina E. Hale
Summary: Octopuses coordinate their arms through a nerve ring at the arms' base, in addition to brain-based sensorimotor integration and control. When one arm is mechanically stimulated, neural activity is generated in the nerve ring and in other arms, while the activity in the nerve ring decreases with distance from the stimulated arm. Various spiking patterns of neural activity occur in the axial nerve cords and the nerve ring.
Article
Neurosciences
Michael A. Urbin, Jennifer L. Collinger, George F. Wittenberg
Summary: The asymmetry in corticospinal recruitment of spinal motor neurons post-stroke is directly correlated with hand impairments. Spike timing-dependent plasticity can transiently reverse recruitment failures, and this modulation is strongly associated with recruitment asymmetry and impairment severity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Tom J. W. Buurke, Nikita Sharma, Sander B. Swart, Lucas H. V. van der Woude, Rob den Otter, Claudine J. C. Lamoth
Summary: This study demonstrates that healthy adults are able to retain savings in split-belt adaptation over a three-week period, indicating the importance of including only naive split-belt walkers in such studies. These findings can be used to compare with long-term savings in patient groups to gain insights into successful gait training in rehabilitation.
Article
Physiology
Marie Keime, Loic Chomienne, Cedric Goulon, Patrick Sainton, Thomas Lapole, Remy Casanova, Martin Bossard, Caroline Nicol, Cecile Martha, Benoit Bolmont, Arnaud Hays, Fabrice Vercruyssen, Pascale Chavet, Lionel Bringoux
Summary: Motor control, including locomotion, is influenced by gravity and can be adapted to reduced body weight. This study used virtual reality to investigate the effects of different gravity conditions on running performance and perception. The findings showed that reducing body weight altered biomechanics, but had inconsistent effects on perceived upright and virtual motion sensation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryosuke Kitatani, Ayaka Maeda, Jun Umehara, Shigehito Yamada
Summary: Different neural contributions to motor learning might be involved when different error sizes of perturbation are introduced. This study found that cortical involvement during gait differs between abrupt and gradual adaptations. The abrupt large perturbation requires cortical involvement, whereas a gradual adaptation with small gait asymmetry does not.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Labonte
Summary: Muscle contraction determines animal movement and is limited by the characteristic dimensionless number of effective inertia, F. Physiologically similar musculoskeletal systems possess equal fractions of muscle's maximum performance. An optimal musculoskeletal anatomy with F close to unity enables maximum work and power delivery. External forces introduce parasitic losses and challenge traditional skeletal force-velocity trade-offs. F systematically varies under isogeometric transformations, providing insights into animal locomotor performance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Seoung Hoon Park, Shijun Yan, Weena Dee, Renee Reed, Elliot J. Roth, William Z. Rymer, Ming Wu
Summary: Intermittent adaptation to novel walking patterns induced by external perturbation may lead to greater retention of adapted locomotion in stroke survivors compared to continuous adaptation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mark Price, Meghan E. Huber, Wouter Hoogkamer
Summary: Walking on a split-belt treadmill can change baseline step length asymmetry, but the underlying causes of this adaptation are difficult to determine. Effort minimization has been proposed as a driving force behind this adaptation, but human behavior does not replicate this when allowed to freely adapt. Simulation results suggest that effort minimization would involve substantial positive step length asymmetry, but the lack of this characteristic in human behavior indicates additional factors influencing motor control strategies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Giacomo Severini, Magdalena Zych
Summary: This paper provides an in-depth review of the research field of locomotor adaptations (LMA), including the principles driving the evolution of bipedal locomotion, the different experimental paradigms used to trigger LMAs, the neurophysiological evidence and behavioral reasons behind adaptation, and the characteristics and drivers of LMA. The paper highlights the importance of LMA research in both neuroscience and rehabilitation.
PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Taihiko Yamaguchi, Saki Mikami, Masana Maeda, Taishi Saito, Toshinori Nakajima, Wataru Yachida, Akihito Gotouda
Summary: This article reviews the current state of portable/wearable EMG devices for assessment of bruxism. The results show that ultra-miniaturized wearable EMG devices with performance equivalent to conventional devices have been developed and used during sleep and in the daytime, with a high level of diagnostic accuracy for sleep bruxism. However, a definite cut-off value for awake bruxism has not been established.
CRANIO-THE JOURNAL OF CRANIOMANDIBULAR & SLEEP PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hongzhong Lu, Eduard J. Kerkhoven, Jens Nielsen
Summary: This review discusses the latest developments in multiscale models of yeast and demonstrates how incorporating enzymatic parameters and other cellular networks can enhance the comprehensive description of cellular physiology. These new models significantly improve predictive performance and expand the applications of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in cell factory design and basic studies of yeast physiology.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jens Nielsen
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eugeni Belda, Lise Voland, Valentina Tremaroli, Gwen Falony, Solia Adriouch, Karen E. Assmann, Edi Prifiti, Judith Aron-Wisnewsky, Jean Debedat, Tiphaine Le Roy, Trine Nielsen, Chloe Amouyal, Sebastien Andre, Fabrizio Andreelli, Matthias Blueher, Rima Chakaroun, Julien Chilloux, Luis Pedro Coelho, Maria Carlota Dao, Promi Das, Soraya Fellahi, Sofia Forslund, Nathalie Galleron, Tue H. Hansen, Bridget Holmes, Boyang Ji, Helle Krogh Pedersen, Phuong Le, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Christian Lewinter, Louise Manneras-Holm, Florian Marquet, Antonis Myridakis, Veronique Pelloux, Nicolas Pons, Benoit Quinquis, Christine Rouault, Hugo Roume, Joe-Elie Salem, Nataliya Sokolovska, Nadja B. Sondertoft, Sothea Touch, Sara Vieira-Silva, Pilar Galan, Jens Holst, Jens Peter Gotze, Lars Kober, Henrik Vestergaard, Torben Hansen, Serge Hercberg, Jean-Michel Oppert, Jens Nielsen, Ivica Letunic, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Michael Stumvoll, Oluf Borbye Pedersen, Peer Bork, Stanislav Dusko Ehrlich, Jean-Daniel Zucker, Fredrik Baeckhed, Jeroen Raes, Karine Clement
Summary: This study investigated the functional composition of the gut microbiome in healthy individuals, as well as those with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. The results revealed a deficiency in bacterial biotin producers and transporters in severe obesity, which was associated with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes. However, strategies involving biotin and prebiotic supplementation, as well as bariatric surgery, were found to improve the gut microbiome diversity and increase bacterial biotin production, leading to better metabolic outcomes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yosra Cherni, Leandre Gagne-Pelletier, Laurent Bouyer, Catherine Mercier
Summary: This scoping review examined the use of anti-gravity treadmills and their effects on lower-limb motor functions in children and adolescents with locomotor impairments. The included studies reported improvements in muscle strength, balance, gait parameters, and walking endurance. A more precise and comprehensive description of anti-gravity training protocols is needed.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Frederique Dupuis, Benoit Pairot de Fontenay, Jason Bouffard, Marc Bouchard, Laurent J. Bouyer, Catherine Mercier, Jean-Sebastien Roy
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of clinical musculoskeletal pain on motor learning during gait. By comparing the learning performance and strategies between two groups of participants with chronic ankle pathology, one with pain and one without pain, the study found that musculoskeletal pain had no influence on motor learning performance but did influence the learning strategy.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Domenzain, Benjamin Sanchez, Mihail Anton, Eduard J. Kerkhoven, Aaron Millan-Oropeza, Celine Henry, Verena Siewers, John P. Morrissey, Nikolaus Sonnenschein, Jens Nielsen
Summary: This study upgrades the GECKO toolbox to enhance models with enzyme and proteomics constraints for any organism with a compatible GEM reconstruction. Enzyme-constrained models for three different yeasts were generated and used to study their long-term adaptation to stress factors. Predictions suggest the importance of metabolic robustness in microbial growth under stress and nutrient-limited conditions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Feiran Li, Le Yuan, Hongzhong Lu, Gang Li, Yu Chen, Martin K. M. Engqvist, Eduard J. Kerkhoven, Jens Nielsen
Summary: The turnover numbers (k(cat)) of enzymes are crucial for understanding cellular metabolism and physiological diversity. In this study, a deep learning approach (DLKcat) was developed to predict k(cat) values for metabolic enzymes using only substrate structures and protein sequences. The predicted k(cat) values showed good performance in a genome-scale analysis of more than 300 yeast species, and were able to explain phenotypic differences.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abraham S. Meijnikman, Dimitra Lappa, Hilde Herrema, Omrum Aydin, Kimberly A. Krautkramer, Valentina Tremaroli, Louise E. Olofsson, Annika Lundqvist, Sjoerd Bruin, Yair Acherman, Joanne Verheij, Siv Hjorth, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Thue W. Schwartz, Albert K. Groen, Fredrik Backhed, Jens Nielsen, Max Nieuwdorp
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with increased risk of mortality driven by extrahepatic cancers and liver and cardiovascular disease. Women with NAFLD have a higher risk of disease progression and worse outcome. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of NAFLD in women is critical. This study used a systems biology approach to analyze different organs and revealed differences in metabolites, gene expression, and gut microbial features between patients with and without NAFLD. These findings provide novel strategies for studying the pathophysiology of NAFLD in humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feiran Li, Yu Chen, Mihail Anton, Jens Nielsen
Summary: Enzyme parameters are crucial for understanding, modeling, and engineering cells. Experimental measurements only cover a small portion of enzyme-compound pairs, and even less in non-model organisms. Artificial intelligence techniques have accelerated the exploration of enzyme properties by predicting them in a high-throughput manner. GotEnzymes is a comprehensive database that provides predicted enzyme parameters using AI approaches, allowing for interactive web exploration and programmatic access.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Le Yuan, Hongzhong Lu, Feiran Li, Jens Nielsen, Eduard J. Kerkhoven
Summary: In this study, a computational toolbox called HGTphyloDetect was developed, which combines high-throughput analysis with phylogenetic inference to accurately identify horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events and illustrate the transmission pathway among evolutionarily distant or closely related species. The HGTphyloDetect toolbox is user-friendly, capable of detecting HGT events with high efficiency and low false discovery rate.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Marianne Boyer, Laurent Bouyer, Jean-Sebastien Roy, Alexandre Campeau-Lecours
Summary: The aim of this paper is to review methods employed to reduce the contamination of single channel EMG signals. Specifically, we focus on methods which enable a full reconstruction of the EMG signal without loss of information. This includes subtraction methods used in the time domain, denoising methods performed after the signal decomposition and hybrid approaches that combine multiple methods.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Magali Ozon, Antoine Frasie, Gabriel Gagnon-Turcotte, Mourad Roudjane, Laurent Bouyer, Ghyslain Gagnon, Younes Messaddeq, Benoit Gosselin
Summary: This work presents a system for measuring and analyzing motion using a portable electronic device and a flexible fiber sensor. The system includes a new sensor interface circuit that measures the impedance of the fiber, which is composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. The measured data is transmitted to a laptop via Bluetooth, allowing for easy integration into a smart garment. The system was assessed on a robotic arm and through various exercises on 5 participants, showing good measurement performance and accuracy.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ivana Bardino Novosel, Anina Ritterband-Rosenbaum, Georgios Zampoukis, Jens Bo Nielsen, Jakob Lorentzen
Summary: This study developed and trained an image-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to recognize specific movement classifiers relevant to individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Monitoring and quantifying movement behavior in CP patients using multiple wearable sensors and CNN is of great value for improving their health outcomes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Morteza Aghaee, Arun Akkala, Zulfi Alam, Rizwan Ali, Alejandro Alcaraz Ramirez, Mariusz Andrzejczuk, Andrey E. Antipov, Pavel Aseev, Mikhail Astafev, Bela Bauer, Jonathan Becker, Srini Boddapati, Frenk Boekhout, Jouri Bommer, Tom Bosma, Leo Bourdet, Samuel Boutin, Philippe Caroff, Lucas Casparis, Maja Cassidy, Sohail Chatoor, Anna Wulf Christensen, Noah Clay, William S. Cole, Fabiano Corsetti, Ajuan Cui, Paschalis Dalampiras, Anand Dokania, Gijs de Lange, Michiel de Moor, Juan Carlos Estrada Saldana, Saeed Fallahi, Zahra Heidarnia Fathabad, John Gamble, Geoff Gardner, Deshan Govender, Flavio Griggio, Ruben Grigoryan, Sergei Gronin, Jan Gukelberger, Esben Bork Hansen, Sebastian Heedt, Jesus Herranz Zamorano, Samantha Ho, Ulrik Laurens Holgaard, Henrik Ingerslev, Linda Johansson, Jeffrey Jones, Ray Kallaher, Farhad Karimi, Torsten Karzig, Cameron King, Maren Elisabeth Kloster, Christina Knapp, Dariusz Kocon, Jonne Koski, Pasi Kostamo, Peter Krogstrup, Mahesh Kumar, Tom Laeven, Thorvald Larsen, Kongyi Li, Tyler Lindemann, Julie Love, Roman Lutchyn, Morten Hannibal Madsen, Michael Manfra, Signe Markussen, Esteban Martinez, Robert McNeil, Elvedin Memisevic, Trevor Morgan, Andrew Mullally, Chetan Nayak, Jens Nielsen, William Hvidtfelt Padkaer Nielsen, Bas Nijholt, Anne Nurmohamed, Eoin OFarrell, Keita Otani, Sebastian Pauka, Karl Petersson, Luca Petit, Dmitry I. Pikulin, Frank Preiss, Marina Quintero-Perez, Mohana Rajpalke, Katrine Rasmussen, Davydas Razmadze, Outi Reentila, David Reilly, Richard Rouse, Ivan Sadovskyy, Lauri Sainiemi, Sydney Schreppler, Vadim Sidorkin, Amrita Singh, Shilpi Singh, Sarat Sinha, Patrick Sohr, Tomas Stankevic, Lieuwe Stek, Henri Suominen, Judith Suter, Vicky Svidenko, Sam Teicher, Mine Temuerhan, Nivetha Thiyagarajah, Raj Tholapi, Mason Thomas, Emily Toomey, Shivendra Upadhyay, Ivan Urban, Saulius Vaitiekenas, Kevin Van Hoogdalem, David Van Woerkom, Dmitrii V. Viazmitinov, Dominik Vogel, Steven Waddy, John Watson, Joseph Weston, Georg W. Winkler, Chung Kai Yang, Sean Yau, Daniel Yi, Emrah Yucelen, Alex Webster, Ruichen Zhao
Summary: In this study, measurements and simulations of semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure devices were conducted to observe topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes. The devices were optimized to ensure robustness against nonuniformity and disorder. Experimental results indicate the presence of a topological superconducting phase, which is a prerequisite for experiments involving Majorana zero modes fusion and braiding.
