Article
Neurosciences
Shefali Chaudhary, Sheng Zhang, Simon Zhornitsky, Yu Chen, Herta H. Chao, Chiang-Shan R. Li
Summary: Trait anxiety tends to decrease with age, possibly due to reduced ability to process emotional stimuli and improved regulation of emotions. In a study of 88 adults aged 21 to 85 using fMRI, it was found that anxiety was negatively correlated with age. While there was no evidence supporting the hypotheses of delayed reaction time or diminished limbic/emotional circuit, the findings indicated that higher automaticity in processing negative emotions may contribute to decreased anxiety with age.
Article
Neurosciences
Shulan Hsieh, Meng-Heng Yang, Zai-Fu Yao
Summary: This study employed a mixed design task for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the differences in task-related brain activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) under different task conditions. The results showed that both low episodic and low abstraction conditions evoked more brain activity in the anterior PFC, regardless of age group.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Erin D. Horne, Marianne de Chastelaine, Michael D. Rugg
Summary: The study found that in older adults, dual-tasking reduced memory performance and eliminated the relationship between monitoring effects and performance, but the size of the effects did not differ between single and dual task conditions.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Petar P. Raykov, James L. Keidel, Jane Oakhill, Chris M. Bird
Summary: The study shows that people's cognitive abilities can influence the encoding and retrieval of novel life-like events. Person knowledge can enhance neural activity patterns when watching new events involving familiar characters, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth L. Johnson, Jack J. Lin, David King-Stephens, Peter B. Weber, Kenneth D. Laxer, Ignacio Saez, Fady Girgis, Mark D'Esposito, Robert T. Knight, David Badre
Summary: Flexible behavior relies on gating mechanisms that selectively encode task-relevant information in working memory. This study identifies rapid changes in regional and inter-regional activities in patients with intracranial EEG, highlighting the role of neocortical gating mechanisms in predicting behavioral output. The results demonstrate information accumulation and filtering processes in neocortical networks, providing evidence for a rapid neocortical theta network mechanism for flexible information encoding.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julian Macoveanu, Hanne Lie Kjaerstad, Maj Vinberg, Catherine Harmer, Patrick MacDonald Fisher, Gitte Moos Knudsen, Lars Vedel Kessing, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
Summary: The study found that patients with bipolar disorder exhibited hypo-activity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC) and impaired cognitive function at diagnosis, while showing increased dPFC activity during the follow-up period. This increased activity may reflect a reduction in prefrontal cortex efficiency related to affective episodes, even though there was no deterioration in cognitive performance.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sophie Nolden, Garvin Brod, Ann-Kristin Meyer, Yana Fandakova, Yee Lee Shing
Summary: This study investigated the impact of schooling on cognitive development in children aged 5-7. The results showed that memory formation in this age group relies more heavily on the medial temporal lobe than the prefrontal cortex.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin M. Hampstead, Anthony Y. Stringer, Alexandru D. Iordan, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, K. Sathian
Summary: Cognitive training is a potential technique for treating cognitive impairment caused by neurological injury and disease. Different training methods have different mechanisms of action and engage distinct brain regions. Mnemonic strategy training (MST) showed superior effects in the short term and increased activation and functional connectivity in multiple brain regions.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hai-Yang Wang, Guo-Qing Xu, Ming-Fei Ni, Cui-Hong Zhang, Xue-Lin Li, Yi Chang, Xiao-Pei Sun, Bing-Wei Zhang
Summary: This study found differences in brain activity patterns during implicit cognitive reappraisal between PD patients and healthy controls, characterized by deficits in specific brain regions and related emotional dysregulation. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between implicit cognitive reappraisal processes and severity of anxiety and panic in PD patients.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ewa Beldzik, Markus Ullsperger, Aleksandra Domagalik, Tadeusz Marek
Summary: Both conflict and error processing are associated with an increase in midfrontal theta power and hemodynamic activity in the anterior midcingulate cortex. This study used simultaneous EEG-fMRI technique to investigate the relationship between theta power and hemodynamic activity during conflict tasks. The results showed a negative correlation between conflict pre-response theta and BOLD signal in the midline area 9, while error-related theta showed a positive relationship with activity in the anterior midcingulate cortex.
Article
Neurosciences
Justin M. Fine, David J. -N. Maisson, Seng Bum Michael Yoo, Tyler V. Cash-Padgett, Maya Zhe Wang, Jan Zimmermann, Benjamin Y. Hayden
Summary: An important question in neuroeconomics is how the brain represents the value of offers in a way that allows for comparison while preserving the details that influence value. This study examined neuronal responses in male macaques and found that there was no overlap in neural coding between risky and safe options, even when the options had identical subjective values. However, these regions were linked through a linear transform of their encodings, allowing for comparison of different types of options.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dheeraj S. Roy, Ying Zhang, Tomomi Aida, Chenjie Shen, Keith M. Skaggs, Yuanyuan Hou, Morgan Fleishman, Olivia Mosto, Alyssa Weninger, Guoping Feng
Summary: A specific region of the anterior thalamic nuclei plays a key role in spatial working memory tasks in aged mice, and targeting this region may be more beneficial for cognitive functions with fewer unintended effects compared to direct manipulation of the prefrontal cortex. Activation of neurons or circuits in this region can improve working memory, while direct activation of prefrontal cortex neurons may lead to increased anxiety levels in aged mice.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mark G. Baxter, Mary T. Roberts, Jeffrey A. Roberts, Peter R. Rapp
Summary: Aged rhesus monkeys, like aged humans, show declines in cognitive function. Cognitive test data from a large sample of male and female rhesus monkeys demonstrate that aged monkeys perform worse than young monkeys on multiple cognitive tasks and that cognitive aging is independent in task domains dependent on different brain regions. Sex and chronological age are not reliable predictors of individual differences in cognitive outcome among the aged monkeys.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Takahiro Soshi, Michael Andersson, Toshikazu Kawagoe, Shu Nishiguchi, Minoru Yamada, Yuki Otsuka, Ryusuke Nakai, Nobuhito Abe, Adibah Aslah, Tomohiko Igasaki, Kaoru Sekiyama
Summary: This study found that exercise intervention has positive effects on older adults' brain structures and function, including increased gray matter volume and/or thickness in certain prefrontal areas, as well as the association between increased middle frontal sulcus volume and cognitive improvement. Additionally, there were different changes in prefrontal functional connectivity between the intervention and control groups, which were related to maintaining cognitive performance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tanja Muller, Miriam C. Klein-Flugge, Sanjay G. Manohar, Masud Husain, Matthew A. J. Apps
Summary: Studies show that fatigue can affect people's willingness to persist in demanding tasks. Using computational modeling, researchers have revealed the dynamic impact of fatigue on effort-based choices and identified the neural mechanisms underlying such computations.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)