Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Erin D. Horne, Marianne de Chastelaine, Michael D. Rugg
Summary: The study found that in older adults, dual-tasking reduced memory performance and eliminated the relationship between monitoring effects and performance, but the size of the effects did not differ between single and dual task conditions.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clement M. Garin, Marie Garin, Leonardo Silenzi, Rye Jaffe, Christos Constantinidis
Summary: The size of the prefrontal cortex in humans is not disproportionately enlarged compared to other catarrhini species. However, humans have the most relatively enlarged frontal and parietal lobes in an infraorder exhibiting a disproportionate expansion of these areas.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julian Macoveanu, Hanne Lie Kjaerstad, Maj Vinberg, Catherine Harmer, Patrick MacDonald Fisher, Gitte Moos Knudsen, Lars Vedel Kessing, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
Summary: The study found that patients with bipolar disorder exhibited hypo-activity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC) and impaired cognitive function at diagnosis, while showing increased dPFC activity during the follow-up period. This increased activity may reflect a reduction in prefrontal cortex efficiency related to affective episodes, even though there was no deterioration in cognitive performance.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yosuke Koshikawa, Keiichiro Nishida, Tomonari Yamane, Masafumi Yoshimura, Ai Onohara, Satsuki Ueda, Ryouhei Ishii, Toshihiko Kinoshita, Yosuke Morishima
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the subcomponents of cognitive inflexibility in major depressive disorder (MDD) and examine the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the prefrontal cortex. The results revealed that MDD patients showed increased behavioral cost in task switching, but comparable proactive interference cost to healthy controls. Additionally, anodal tDCS on the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) improved the response time compared to anodal tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in MDD.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Storm Slivkoff, Jack L. Gallant
Summary: Over the past few decades, neuroscience experiments have evolved to be more complex and challenging, with increasing design constraints. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) provides a powerful framework for incorporating real-world design constraints and solving complex experimental design challenges in neuroscience research.
Article
Neurosciences
Jia-Xi Wang, Yuhe Li, Yan Mu, Jin-Ying Zhuang
Summary: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the brain mechanisms involved in resolving inconsistent information conflicts in humans, and revealed both common and unique brain regions involved in conflict processing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsing-Hao Lee, Yun-Chen Tu, Su-Ling Yeh
Summary: The study found that blue light and ipRGCs do not influence various domains of cognitive control, so whether the enhancement of blue light on brain activities extends to the behavioral level should be carefully re-examined.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hai-Yang Wang, Guo-Qing Xu, Ming-Fei Ni, Cui-Hong Zhang, Xue-Lin Li, Yi Chang, Xiao-Pei Sun, Bing-Wei Zhang
Summary: This study found differences in brain activity patterns during implicit cognitive reappraisal between PD patients and healthy controls, characterized by deficits in specific brain regions and related emotional dysregulation. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between implicit cognitive reappraisal processes and severity of anxiety and panic in PD patients.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ewa Beldzik, Markus Ullsperger, Aleksandra Domagalik, Tadeusz Marek
Summary: Both conflict and error processing are associated with an increase in midfrontal theta power and hemodynamic activity in the anterior midcingulate cortex. This study used simultaneous EEG-fMRI technique to investigate the relationship between theta power and hemodynamic activity during conflict tasks. The results showed a negative correlation between conflict pre-response theta and BOLD signal in the midline area 9, while error-related theta showed a positive relationship with activity in the anterior midcingulate cortex.
Article
Neurosciences
Youngsun T. Cho, Flora Moujaes, Charles H. Schleifer, Martina Starc, Jie Lisa Ji, Nicole Santamauro, Brendan Adkinson, Antonija Kolobaric, Morgan Flynn, John H. Krystal, John D. Murray, Grega Repovs, Alan Anticevic
Summary: This study investigated how reward and loss impact spatial working memory precision and neural circuits in human subjects. The results showed that both reward and loss improved spatial working memory precision, with specific regions like precentral sulcus and intraparietal sulcus having increased BOLD signal related to better working memory precision. Conversely, areas straddling executive networks displayed decreased BOLD signal during incentivized working memory.
Article
Neurosciences
Fatemeh Tabassi Mofrad, Niels O. Schiller
Summary: Using multiband echo planar imaging (EPI), the study explored the connectivity profile of the middle inferior parietal cortex (IPC) and found that it exhibited functional associations inconsistent with traditional brain area categorization. It showed negative functional connectivity with both resting-state related cortex and brain areas related to general cognitive functions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Pecchinenda, Francesca De Luca, Bianca Monachesi, Manuel Petrucci, Mariella Pazzaglia, Fabrizio Doricchi, Michal Lavidor
Summary: Neuroimaging studies have shown that the right frontoparietal network plays a key role in the Attentional Blink (AB), and enhancing this network's activity through anodal tDCS can reduce the AB for poor performers but accentuate it for good performers. This highlights the importance of an optimal level of excitability within the network for task performance.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Adnan A. S. Alahmadi
Summary: This study investigated the functional connectivity of the SPL's seven sub-regions to eight regional functional networks in 198 healthy subjects using resting-state fMRI. The findings revealed differences in functional connectivity patterns between the sub-regions, with the visual and attention networks showing the most consistent functional connectivity. The study also identified clear functional differences between Brodmann area 5 and Brodmann area 7, with BA5 exhibiting strong functional connectivity to both the sensorimotor and salience networks.
INSIGHTS INTO IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sihai Li, Christos Constantinidis, Xue-Lian Qi
Summary: The study investigated the roles of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex in working memory, finding that neuronal activity can predict categorical judgments of information and deviations in firing rates reflect the contents of working memory.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maya Zhe Wang, Benjamin Y. Hayden, Sarah R. Heilbronner
Summary: Economic choice involves multiple cognitive subprocesses associated with the central orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC). This study challenges the assumption that cOFC is a single region with a single function, showing anatomical and physiological evidence for subdivision into cOFCm and cOFCl subregions. These subregions differ in functional connectivity and the relaying of choice signals.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Koji Jimura, Maria S. Chushak, Todd S. Braver
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2013)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin M. Oksanen, Emily R. Waldum, Mark A. McDaniel, Todd S. Braver
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shelly R. Cooper, Joshua J. Jackson, Deanna M. Barch, Todd S. Braver
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2019)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Debbie M. Yee, Sarah Adams, Asad Beck, Todd S. Braver
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Debbie M. Yee, Jennifer L. Crawford, Bidhan Lamichhane, Todd S. Braver
Summary: This study investigated the role of human dACC in integrating motivational incentives and found that dACC modulates cognitive control based on the integrated subjective motivational value, affecting task performance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Michael C. Freund, Joset A. Etzel, Todd S. Braver
Summary: Cognitive control is crucial for human minds to pursue goals and is closely related to prevalent mental health disorders. Representational similarity analysis (RSA) is a complementary approach that can help us better understand the components of cognitive control theories and be applied in research.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael C. Freund, Julie M. Bugg, Todd S. Braver
Summary: Progress in understanding the neural bases of cognitive control has been supported by the Stroop task, with DMFC predominantly encoding incongruency coding and DLPFC encoding both target and incongruency with equal strength. Distractor information was found to be strongly encoded in early visual cortex. Stronger target coding in DLPFC and weaker incongruency coding in DMFC were associated with reduced behavioral Stroop interference.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Todd S. Braver, Sanford L. Braver
Summary: This paper applauds the attention given to generalizability concerns in twenty-first-century psychological research. It provides a continuum of available methodological tools and perspectives, including incremental steps and meta-analytic approaches, that researchers can readily and easily deploy to advance generalizability claims in a forward-looking manner.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Debbie M. Yee, Xiamin Leng, Amitai Shenhav, Todd S. Braver
Summary: Aversive motivation has a significant impact on driving individuals to exert cognitive control, but the complexity of behavioral responses attributed to aversive incentives poses challenges in understanding the neural mechanisms. By reviewing animal learning, systems neuroscience, and computational literatures, we emphasize the importance of experimental paradigms that incorporate both motivational context manipulations and mixed motivational components. The inclusion of mixed motivational components enables a more precise measurement of aversive influences on cognitive control, advancing the understanding of the neural, monoaminergic, and computational mechanisms underlying the interaction of motivation and cognitive control.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Gerontology
Jennifer L. Crawford, Tammy English, Todd S. Braver
Summary: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a promising approach to study cognitive aging by collecting data from daily life and capturing dynamic processes. By combining with laboratory research, it can enhance the robustness and real-world implications of research findings in the field of cognitive aging.
PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Rongxiang Tang, Julie M. Bugg, Jean-Paul Snijder, Andrew R. A. Conway, Todd S. Braver
Summary: Cognitive control plays a crucial role in human higher mental functions, and the Dual Mechanisms of Control theoretical framework decomposes it into proactive control and reactive control. Researchers have validated the effectiveness of the DMCC task battery in providing distinguishable and convergent measures of the two cognitive control modes through detailed experimental manipulations.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jennifer L. Crawford, Tammy English, Todd S. Braver
Summary: This study examined the relationship between cognitive effort decision-making and engagement in mentally demanding activities in daily life among both younger and older adults. The results showed that older adults had higher cognitive effort costs compared to younger adults, and these costs were reduced in the loss frame. Participants with lower effort costs in the gain frame tended to engage in more mentally demanding activities, while the opposite pattern was observed in the loss frame.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Todd S. Braver, Alexander Kizhner, Rongxiang Tang, Michael C. Freund, Joset A. Etzel
Summary: This ongoing study is influenced by Don Stuss's work on cognitive processes and executive control, investigating proactive and reactive control modes using neuroimaging techniques. The project aims to identify domain-general dimensions of individual variation with distinct neural signatures in the lateral prefrontal cortex. Initial results suggest evidence of a domain-general neural signature of cognitive control and its modulation under reactive conditions.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Rongxiang Tang, Patricia Broderick, Tim Bono, Kamila Dvorakova, Todd Braver
Summary: Mindfulness training has the potential to improve psychological health among college students. A first-year mindfulness seminar at a selective private university demonstrated feasibility and effectiveness in promoting student well-being.
JOURNAL OF STUDENT AFFAIRS RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Mark A. McDaniel, Pamela LaMontagne, Stefanie M. Beck, Michael K. Scullin, Todd S. Braver
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2013)
