Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tamadher A. Alghamdi, Nicole A. J. Krentz, Nancy Smith, Aliya F. Spigelman, Varsha Rajesh, Alokkumar Jha, Mourad Ferdaoussi, Kunimasa Suzuki, Jing Yang, Jocelyn E. Manning Fox, Han Sun, Zijie Sun, Anna L. Gloyn, Patrick E. MacDonald
Summary: The Zmiz1 gene in beta cells is essential for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. Genetic variations at the ZMIZ1 locus may affect the risk of type 2 diabetes by reducing the expansion of beta cell mass and the ability to maintain a mature beta cell state under metabolic stress.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dennis Bruening, Mai Morsi, Eike Frueh, Stephan Scherneck, Ingo Rustenbeck
Summary: The study suggests that mitochondrial energy metabolism acts as a signal generator in pancreatic beta-cells, but not in alpha-cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qing Ma, Yini Xiao, Wenjun Xu, Menghan Wang, Sheng Li, Zhihao Yang, Minglu Xu, Tengjiao Zhang, Zhen-Ning Zhang, Rui Hu, Qiang Su, Fei Yuan, Tinghui Xiao, Xuan Wang, Qing He, Jiaxu Zhao, Zheng-jun Chen, Zhejin Sheng, Mengyao Chai, Hong Wang, Weiyang Shi, Qiaolin Deng, Xin Cheng, Weida Li
Summary: Immature function and fragility of hESC-derived beta cells hinder their application for diabetes cell therapy. By targeting the ZnT8 gene, the authors show that loss of function mutations can enhance insulin secretion and cell survival in SC-beta cells, improving their potential use in cell replacement therapies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jessica R. Chaffey, Jay Young, Kaiyven A. Leslie, Katie Partridge, Pouria Akhbari, Shalinee Dhayal, Jessica L. Hill, Kyle C. A. Wedgwood, Edward Burnett, Mark A. Russell, Sarah J. Richardson, Noel G. Morgan
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the factors influencing chronic enteroviral infection using a 1.1B4 beta cell line.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Weikun Huang, Tongzhi Wu, Cong Xie, Christopher K. Rayner, Craig Priest, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Jiangbo (Tim) Zhao
Summary: The article discusses the importance of calcium ions in intra- and inter-cellular signaling, particularly in insulin secretion. Various sensors for detecting calcium ions are described, with a focus on emerging approaches and challenges in the field.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yao Wang, Damilola I. Adeoye, Yue J. Wang, Michael G. Roper
Summary: Insulin from islets of Langerhans is the main hormone for reducing blood glucose, and there are functional differences in secretion patterns at the single islet level. Fluorescence anisotropy imaging immunoassays provide a relatively simple method for increased throughput of islet secretion measurements.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nizar I. Mourad, Daela Xhema, Pierre Gianello
Summary: The study investigated the glucagon secretion characteristics of pig islet cells and found that high glucose concentration significantly inhibited glucagon secretion. In vivo experiments showed a quick decrease in plasma glucagon and a slower increase in plasma insulin after glucose injection.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Altaf Al-Romaiyan, Guo-Cai Huang, Peter Jones, Shanta Persaud
Summary: The traditional plant-based remedy Commiphora myrrha may directly stimulate beta-cells to increase insulin secretion in the treatment of diabetes, without compromising plasma membrane integrity.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Fabio Azzarello, Luca Pesce, Valentina De Lorenzi, Gianmarco Ferri, Marta Tesi, Silvia Del Guerra, Piero Marchetti, Francesco Cardarelli
Summary: By combining live imaging with immunofluorescence, this research reveals the relationship between metabolic shifts in islet cells and cell types, and discovers an inverse correlation between tissue metabolic responses and insulin secretion power.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Henriette Frikke-Schmidt, Peter Arvan, Randy J. Seeley, Corentin Cras-Meneur
Summary: This study successfully tracked and quantified insulin content in up to two hundred individual islets simultaneously during a glucose challenge. The research found that while isolated islets respond homogeneously to glucose in culture, their profiles differ significantly in vivo. Some islets respond sharply to a glucose stimulation while others barely secrete at all.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Janelle M. Tobias, Gabriela Rajic, Alexander E. G. Viray, David Icka-Araki, James A. Frank
Summary: Fatty acid amides (FAAs) are lipids that target cannabinoid receptors and regulate insulin secretion. The Optically-Cleavable Targeted (OCT)-ligand approach was developed to investigate the mechanisms by which FAAs regulate beta-cell excitability, showing potential for new experimental possibilities in targeted pharmacology.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jorge Tamarit-Rodriguez
Summary: The glucose-induced release of insulin in beta cells is attributed to the metabolism of glucose in the glycolytic pathway and the citric acid cycle. This metabolism leads to the closure of ATP-dependent K+ channels and the opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, triggering the exocytosis of insulin secretory granules. GABA metabolism in beta cells is found to contribute to the stimulation of insulin secretion. The GABA shunt metabolism provides an alternative pathway for the citric acid cycle, enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and insulin secretion.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eun Young Lee, Jing W. Hughes
Summary: Primary cilia are important organelles on the surfaces of most eukaryotic cells that play a role in development and signaling pathways. Dysfunction of cilia is associated with human developmental and genetic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. This article reviews the expression and function of cilia in pancreatic islet cells and discusses the role of cilia in glucose homeostasis and human diseases.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Ahren
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between glucose dose and insulin response in mice, both in vivo and in vitro. It was found that there was a curvilinear relationship between glucose concentrations and insulin secretion, with half maximal increase in insulin concentrations achieved at 12.5 mmol/L glucose and maximal increase at 21.5 mmol/L. These findings suggest that the glucose-insulin relation follows a similar pattern in mice in both in vivo and in vitro conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Altaf Al-Romaiyan, Willias Masocha, Sunday Oyedemi, Sulaiman K. Marafie, Guo-Cai Huang, Peter M. Jones, Shanta J. Persaud
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of action of CM-induced insulin secretion. The findings suggest that CM directly stimulates insulin secretion by activating downstream effectors of insulin secretion. Specifically, CM activates PKC zeta, leading to the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2, which in turn induces insulin exocytosis.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Altaf Al-Romaiyan, Guo-Cai Huang, Peter Jones, Shanta Persaud
Summary: The traditional plant-based remedy Commiphora myrrha may directly stimulate beta-cells to increase insulin secretion in the treatment of diabetes, without compromising plasma membrane integrity.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
S. R. Bornstein, K. Guan, C. Brunssen, G. Mueller, V. Kamvissi-Lorenz, R. Lechler, R. Trembath, M. Mayr, L. Poston, R. Sancho, S. Ahmed, E. Alfar, B. Aljani, T. C. Alves, S. Amiel, C. L. Andoniadou, M. Bandral, A. Belavgeni, I. Berger, A. Birkenfeld, E. Bonifacio, T. Chavakis, P. Chawla, P. Choudhary, A. M. Cujba, L. F. Delgadillo Silva, T. Demcollari, D. M. Drotar, S. Duin, N. N. El-Agroudy, A. El-Armouche, A. Eugster, M. Gado, A. Gavalas, M. Gelinsky, M. Guirgus, S. Hansen, E. Hanton, M. Hasse, H. Henneicke, C. Heller, H. Hempel, C. Hogstrand, D. Hopkins, L. Jarc, P. M. Jones, M. Kamel, S. Kaemmerer, A. J. F. King, A. Kurzbach, C. Lambert, Y. Latunde-Dada, I. Lieberam, J. Liers, J. W. Li, A. Linkermann, S. Locke, B. Ludwig, T. Manea, F. Maremonti, Z. Marinicova, B. M. McGowan, M. Mickunas, G. Mingrone, K. Mohanraj, H. Morawietz, N. Ninov, M. Peakman, S. J. Persaud, J. Pietzsch, E. Cachorro, T. J. Pullen, I. Pyrina, F. Rubino, A. Santambrogio, F. Schepp, P. Schlinkert, L. D. Scriba, R. Siow, M. Solimena, F. M. Spagnoli, S. Speier, A. Stavridou, C. Steenblock, A. Strano, P. Taylor, A. Tiepner, W. Tonnus, T. Tree, F. Watt, M. Werdermann, M. Wilson, N. Yusuf, C. G. Ziegler
Summary: This international research training programme funded by the German Research Foundation is aimed at training the best students to tackle the challenges of diabetes and its complications. The programme is facing new challenges and opportunities with the arrival of the coronavirus pandemic, and has established practical recommendations for managing COVID-19 in patients with metabolic disease, obesity, and diabetes, including the establishment of a global registry to analyze new onset diabetes potentially triggered by the virus.
HORMONE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lisa Sanderson, Marcelo da Silva, Gayathri N. Sekhar, Rachel C. Brown, Hollie Burrell-Saward, Mehmet Fidanboylu, Bo Liu, Lea Ann Dailey, Cecile A. Dreiss, Chris Lorenz, Mark Christie, Shanta J. Persaud, Vanessa Yardley, Simon L. Croft, Margarita Valero, Sarah A. Thomas
Summary: Sleeping sickness, caused by a parasite transferred by tsetse flies, has two stages affecting the blood and the brain, with the brain stage being fatal if untreated. The blood-brain barrier makes treating the brain stage difficult. Pluronic was not found to improve delivery of pentamidine to the brain.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado, Patricio Atanes, Guo Cai Huang, Bo Liu, Shanta J. Persaud
Summary: The study found that JTE 907 stimulated insulin secretion, reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis, and promoted beta-cell proliferation. This indicates that JTE 907 can act as a GPR55 agonist to maintain insulin secretion and beta-cell mass.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hei Man Fan, Alice L. Mitchell, Elena Bellafante, Saraid McIlvride, Laura Primicheru, Mirko Giorgi, Ivano Eberini, Argyro Syngelaki, Anita Lovgren-Sandblom, Peter Jones, David McCance, Nithya Sukumar, Nishanthi Periyathambi, Yonas Weldeselassie, Katharine F. Hunt, Kypros H. Nicolaides, David Andersson, Stuart Bevan, Paul T. Seed, Gavin A. Bewick, James E. Bowe, Franca Fraternali, Ponnusamy Saravanan, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Catherine Williamson
Summary: This study evaluated the role of serum progesterone sulfates in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The results showed that concentrations of epiallopregnanolone sulfate (PM5S) were reduced in GDM and in women with higher fasting plasma glucose. PM5S increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and this effect was mediated by TRPM3. These findings highlight the importance of progesterone sulfates in the pathogenesis of GDM.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Patricio Atanes, Tanyel Ashik, Shanta J. Persaud
Summary: This study compared the expression of GPCR mRNA in human islets obtained from donors with normal weight range and those classified as obese. The altered expression of GPCRs in obesity may have an impact on islet function, and the study also considered the possible effects of adipokines on GPCRs showing altered expression in obesity.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Oladapo E. Olaniru, Jordan Cheng, Julia Ast, Anastasia Arvaniti, Patricio Atanes, Guo C. Huang, Aileen J. F. King, Peter M. Jones, Johannes Broichhagen, David J. Hodson, Shanta J. Persaud
Summary: Members of the aGPCR subfamily, such as GPR56, play important roles in metabolic processes and may serve as potential targets for type 2 diabetes therapy. This study revealed that GPR56 undergoes constitutive internalization in cells and can respond to its ligands when necessary, leading to protection against cell apoptosis. Activation of GPR56 by P7 was shown to increase intracellular calcium levels and insulin secretion in a GPR56-dependent manner, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for maintaining cell mass in type 2 diabetes.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peter M. Jones, Shanta J. Persaud
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bo Liu, Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado, Klaudia Toczyska, Oladapo E. Olaniru, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, David Hopkins, Min Zhao, Shanta J. Persaud
Summary: This study investigated the effects of fluoxetine on beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis. The results showed that fluoxetine improved beta-cell proliferation, protected islet cells from apoptosis, and increased insulin secretion. These findings suggest that fluoxetine may be a preferential antidepressant for patients with depression and diabetes.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Domagoj Cikes, Patricio Atanes, Shane J. F. Cronin, Astrid Hagelkruys, Guo-Cai Huang, Shanta J. Persaud, Josef M. Penninger
Summary: This study investigates the potential role of Neuromedin B in obesity and insulin secretion by generating conditional mice and nervous system deficient mice.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zekun Lyu, Min Zhao, Patricio Atanes, Shanta Jean Persaud
Summary: Under conditions of obesity, the expression of non-olfactory GPCR mRNAs in human islets showed significant alterations, with upregulation of G alpha s- and G alpha q-coupled receptors. This opens up possibilities for exploring novel therapeutic candidates for regulating glucose homeostasis through potentiation of insulin secretion and/or beta-cell mass.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tanyel Ashik, Vivian Lee, Patricio Atanes, Shanta J. Persaud
Summary: Obesity leads to significant alterations in the expression of mRNAs encoding islet GPCR ligands in visceral adipose tissue of mice. These findings are important for further research on the interaction between adipose tissue and islets through secreted ligands acting at islet GPCRs.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Domenico Trico, Alessandro Mengozzi, Simona Baldi, Roberto Bizzotto, Oladapo Olaniru, Klaudia Toczyska, Guo Cai Huang, Marta Seghieri, Silvia Frascerra, Stephanie A. Amiel, Shanta Persaud, Peter Jones, Andrea Mari, Andrea Natali
Summary: The study found that mild acute hypertriglyceridemia impairs oral glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity, resulting in increased post-glucose hyperinsulinemia due to reduced insulin clearance and enhanced hyperglycemia-induced total insulin secretion. Additionally, high-physiologic triglyceride levels can increase insulin secretion.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)