Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yi-lin Zhang, Ying An, Li-Juan Sun, Hong-Lei Qu, Xuan Li, Xiao-Tao He, Rui-Xin Wu, Fa-Ming Chen, Bei-Min Tian, Yuan Yin
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for periodontal disease that worsens periodontal inflammation and destruction. High glucose conditions impair the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through excessive ROS accumulation. Inhibiting NADPH synthesis enhances osteogenic differentiation and reduces cellular ROS accumulation in PDLSCs under high glucose conditions.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shanna Hamilton, Radmila Terentyeva, Vladimir Bogdanov, Tae Yun Kim, Fruzsina Perger, Jiajie Yan, Xun Ai, Cynthia A. Carnes, Andriy E. Belevych, Christopher H. George, Jonathan P. Davis, Sandor Gyorke, Bum-Rak Choi, Dmitry Terentyev
Summary: This study demonstrates that oxidative stress in cardiac disease impairs the regulation of Ca2+ release channel RyR2, leading to proarrhythmic disturbances. The researchers discovered a new intraluminal interaction axis involving RyR2, ERp44, and Ero1 alpha. Inhibition of Ero1 alpha has the potential to stabilize the RyR2-ERp44 complex and reduce spontaneous Ca2+ release and tachyarrhythmias.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Fisheries
Yong-Yao Yu, Li-Guo Ding, Zhen-Yu Huang, Hao-Yue Xu, Zhen Xu
Summary: Fish harbor a complex and dynamic microbiota on their mucosal surfaces, with a normal microbiota contributing to fish health and disruptions potentially leading to disease. Fish have developed immune mechanisms to distinguish between beneficial and opportunistic bacteria. Probiotics have been effectively used in aquaculture for disease prevention.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
M. Rose, N. Wilson, E. Williams, H. Letner, R. Bettinger, A. Bouchendouka, J. Batagower, J. R. Kaspar
Summary: As oral bacteria grow within biofilms attached to the tooth's surface, they interact with other species, forming synergistic or antagonistic exchanges that maintain homeostasis for the overall population. One example is the interaction between cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans and oral commensal streptococci. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that the transcriptome and behaviors of S. mutans were broadly altered during growth with these species. The upregulated genes of S. mutans impacted its fitness and led to an increased biomass of commensal streptococci in mixed-species biofilms.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Or Shalev, Haim Ashkenazy, Manuela Neumann, Detlef Weigel
Summary: Plants are protected not only by their own immunity but also by commensal microbes. In interaction between a pathogenic Pseudomonas strain and naturally co-occurring commensals, non-pathogenic Pseudomonas were found to provide plant protection. Different bacterial genes linked to plant protection in each lineage were discovered through genome-wide association, highlighting iron acquisition and biofilm formation as prominent mechanisms of plant protection.
Article
Microbiology
Shanshan Zhang, Yi Han, Whitman Schofield, Michael Nicosia, Paul E. Karell, Kevin P. Newhall, Julie Y. Zhou, Ryan J. Musich, Siyi Pan, Anna Valujskikh, Naseer Sangwan, Mohammed Dwidar, Qiuhe Lu, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck
Summary: This study found that the prebiotic pectin oligosaccharide (pec-oligo) stimulated high levels of IgA production in the small intestine in a T cell-dependent manner. Surprisingly, the increased IgA levels persisted even after cessation of pec-oligo treatment, and microbiome transmission was sufficient to maintain high IgA levels. Notably, the specific bacterial taxa associated with pec-oligo did not align with the IgA-coated microbes, suggesting a role for ethanol-resistant microbes in driving the IgA-high phenotype.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tadashi Takeuchi, Tetsuya Kubota, Yumiko Nakanishi, Hiroshi Tsugawa, Wataru Suda, Andrew Tae-Jun Kwon, Junshi Yazaki, Kazutaka Ikeda, Shino Nemoto, Yoshiki Mochizuki, Toshimori Kitami, Katsuyuki Yugi, Yoshiko Mizuno, Nobutake Yamamichi, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Iseki Takamoto, Naoto Kubota, Takashi Kadowaki, Erik Arner, Piero Carninci, Osamu Ohara, Makoto Arita, Masahira Hattori, Shigeo Koyasu, Hiroshi Ohno
Summary: Insulin resistance is the primary pathophysiology underlying metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Carbohydrate metabolism by gut microbiota plays a crucial role in insulin resistance, and an increase in host-accessible monosaccharides is associated with insulin resistance and host inflammation.
Article
Biology
Elizabeth R. Hughes, Maria G. Winter, Laice Alves da Silva, Matthew K. Muramatsu, Angel G. Jimenez, Caroline C. Gillis, Luisella Spiga, Rachael B. Chanin, Renato L. Santos, Wenhan Zhu, Sebastian E. Winter
Summary: During intestinal inflammation, the composition of gut-associated microbial communities changes, with an increase in Enterobacteriaceae populations. The analysis of microbial hydrogen metabolism revealed that bacterial genomes in the inflamed gut contained more genes encoding predicted hydrogen-utilizing hydrogenases. E. coli mutants lacking hydrogenase-1 and hydrogenase-2 displayed decreased fitness during colonization of the inflamed gut, suggesting the importance of hydrogenases in the context of non-infectious colitis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophia Z. Shalhout, Peng-Yu Yang, Edyta M. Grzelak, Kayla Nutsch, Sida Shao, Claudio Zambaldo, Jonathan Iaconelli, Lara Ibrahim, Caroline Stanton, Stormi R. Chadwick, Emily Chen, Michael DeRan, Sijia Li, Mitchell Hull, Xu Wu, Arnab K. Chatterjee, Weijun Shen, Fernando D. Camargo, Peter G. Schultz, Michael J. Bollong
Summary: The study identified a small molecule, PY-60, that activates YAP and promotes expansion of epidermal keratinocytes. PY-60's target, ANXA2, is released from the cell membrane to promote YAP's transcriptional activity. This work reveals ANXA2 as a druggable component of the Hippo pathway for promoting regenerative repair in disease.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenjie Zhong, Xinyan Wang, Lanxin Yang, Yue Wang, Qingyue Xiao, Simin Yu, Richard D. Cannon, Yan Bai, Chuangwei Zhang, Duanjing Chen, Ping Ji, Xiang Gao, Jinlin Song
Summary: This study reveals that high glucose can impair osteogenic capacity of periodontal ligament stem cells by perturbing ER calcium homeostasis, whereas metformin can restore cellular homeostasis and rescue impaired stem cells. Additionally, a nanocarrier of metformin shows potential in remodeling diabetic periodontal tissue in rats.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sreeram Udayan, Ludovica F. Butto, Valerio Rossini, Janaki Velmurugan, Maria Martinez-Lopez, David Sancho, Silvia Melgar, Paul W. O'Toole, Ken Nally
Summary: TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that can distinguish between commensal and pathogenic bacteria, with TLR2/6 triggering cytokine responses to Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Different commensal Gram-positive bacteria may have varying requirements for TLR2-dependency in triggering macrophage cytokine responses.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Joao P. P. Bonifacio, Mirco Schmolke
Summary: Commensal microbes play a vital role in mammalian physiology, and advanced techniques like 16S rRNA gene sequencing have revolutionized the study of bacterial communities. The spatial organization of microbiota within a specific host environment is crucial for the physiological or pathological effects caused by commensal microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Ziyang Sun, Hang Liu, Yuehao Hu, Gang Luo, Zhengqiang Yuan, Weixuan Liu, Bing Tu, Hongjiang Ruan, Juehong Li, Cunyi Fan
Summary: Trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) is a complex disorder characterized by abnormal bone formation after musculoskeletal injury. Recent studies have found that dysregulated osteogenic differentiation plays a critical role in this process. In this study, we investigated the roles of Krupel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in HO formation. We found that elevated KLF2 and reduced PPARγ levels were present in tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) during trauma-induced HO formation. Inhibition of KLF2 and promotion of PPARγ reduced HO formation, while overexpression of KLF2 abolished the effects of PPARγ promotion. Additionally, we observed mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after burn/tenotomy, and improving mitochondrial function could alleviate HO formation. However, this effect was abolished by KLF2 activation and PPARγ suppression. In vitro experiments showed that increased KLF2 and decreased PPARγ levels were present in osteogenically induced TSPCs, and inhibition of KLF2 and promotion of PPARγ relieved osteogenesis by improving mitochondrial function and redox balance. The findings suggest that the KLF2/PPARγ axis regulates trauma-induced HO formation through modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production via redox balance. Targeting this axis and mitochondrial dysfunction may provide new therapeutic strategies for trauma-induced HO.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengze Lyu, Hiroaki Suzuki, Lan Kang, Fabrina Gaspal, Wenqing Zhou, Jeremy Goc, Lei Zhou, Jordan Zhou, Wen Zhang, Zeli Shen, James G. Fox, Robbyn E. Sockolow, Terri M. Laufer, Yong Fan, Gerard Eberl, David R. Withers, Gregory F. Sonnenberg
Summary: This study reveals a critical pathway that controls the fate of inflammatory or tolerogenic T cell responses to microbial colonization of the mammalian intestine. By profiling all ROR gamma t(+) immune cells at single-cell resolution, the researchers found a dominant presence of T regulatory cells and ILC3s in the intestine-draining lymph nodes of mice. These ILC3s promote the formation of microbiota-specific ROR gamma t(+) T-reg cells and prevent their expansion as inflammatory T helper 17 cells through antigen presentation, alpha V integrin, and competition for interleukin-2. Single-cell analyses also suggest impaired interactions between ILC3s and ROR gamma t(+) T-reg cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marialaura Gallo, Justin M. Vento, Pauline Joncour, Andrea Quagliariello, Elisa Maritan, Nuno F. Silva-Soares, Matteo Battistolli, Chase L. Beisel, Maria Elena Martino
Summary: This study investigates the genetic pathways regulated by beneficial bacteria in the host, leading to improved growth and development. The downregulation of peptidoglycan-recognition proteins contributes to the microbial benefit. This research helps elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect exerted by commensal bacteria.