Review
Cell Biology
Stavros Garantziotis, Rashmin C. Savani
Summary: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only a structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. Proteoglycans (PGs), a component of ECM, have been found to be crucial in both health maintenance and disease development by activating the innate immune system and influencing cell fate.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonios Lazaridis, Eleni Gavriilaki, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: Essential hypertension is a highly heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology, where subclinical inflammation and abnormal activation of TLR signaling play crucial roles in its pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pengpeng Xia, Yunping Wu, Siqi Lian, Li Yan, Xia Meng, Qiangde Duan, Guoqiang Zhu
Summary: This paper summarizes the specificity of TLRs in recognizing microbial components, discusses their role in regulating immune responses, and proposes a novel therapeutic strategy using TLRs to combat microbial infections.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Minias, Michal Vinkler
Summary: This review examines the role of balancing selection in Toll-like receptors (TLRs), innate immune genes involved in pathogen recognition and immune response activation. The analysis of infection and fitness-based evidence, as well as population allelic frequencies and heterozygosity levels, reveals that balancing selection maintains variation in TLRs under specific conditions and in certain evolutionary lineages. However, the understanding of balancing selection in non-MHC immune genes remains incomplete.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Killian E. Vlaming, Kelly van Wijnbergen, Tanja M. Kaptein, Monique Nijhuis, Neeltje J. Kootstra, Godelieve J. de Bree, Teunis B. Geijtenbeek
Summary: This study investigated the effects of co-stimulation of TLR agonists with RLR agonists on antiviral immunity. The results showed that co-stimulation of TLR8 agonists and RLR agonist polyI: C significantly increased the production of IL-12p70 and type I interferon (IFN), suggesting that the crosstalk between TLRs and RLRs leads to strong antiviral immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Virology
Caroline Fernandes-Santos, Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus, with a wide range of clinical manifestations. In the innate antiviral response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in pathogen recognition and the production of inflammatory cytokines and interferons essential for preventing viral replication.
Article
Immunology
Ye-yu Li, Han-Mei Liu, Decheng Wang, Yan Lu, Cairong Ding, Li-Shuang Zhou, Xiang-Yang Wu, Zi-Wei Zhou, Shu-qin Xu, Chen Lin, Lian-Hua Qin, Yao Li, Jun Liu, Hai-Peng Liu, Lu Zhang
Summary: The study found that the AG of Mycobacterium can suppress host immune responses and enhance bacterial intracellular proliferation. The arabinose chains of AG have a greater impact on the virulence and pathogenicity of Mycobacterium.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Federico Tidu, Marco De Zuani, Shyam Sushama Jose, Kamila Bendickova, Lukas Kubala, Frank Caruso, Francesca Cavalieri, Giancarlo Forte, Jan Fric
Summary: MSCs respond to fungal component zymosan by phagocytosing it, leading to Syk phosphorylation, increased cytosolic calcium levels, and ultimately NFAT1 nuclear translocation.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eric C. Bredahl, Joan M. Eckerson, Steven M. Tracy, Thomas L. McDonald, Kristen M. Drescher
Summary: The use of dietary supplements has become increasingly common over the past 20 years, extending beyond elite athletes to include recommendations from healthcare professionals to patients. Creatine is a widely used supplement that has been well-studied for its positive effects on performance and health, especially in recovery from exercise. However, limited research exists on the effects of creatine on children and the elderly.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanyun Hao, Hui Li, Xiaoyan Ge, Yang Liu, Xia Li, Yutong Liu, Hongfei Chen, Shiying Zhang, Jing Zou, Lingling Huang, Fabao Zhao, Dongwei Kang, Bruno G. De Geest, Zhiyue Zhang
Summary: In this study, a polymeric nano-immunomodulator was developed to selectively activate the immune system in tumors, enhancing T lymphocyte infiltration without causing immune-related adverse effects. It shows promising potential for safe systemic targeting delivery.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ping-Ping Sun, Dan Li, Meng Su, Qing Ren, Wen-Ping Guo, Jiang-Li Wang, Luan-Ying Du, Guang-Cheng Xie
Summary: This study investigated the effects of TLR1/2/4/6 monomers and TLR2 heterodimer on EV71 replication and innate immune activation. It was found that TLR monomers and TLR2 heterodimer inhibited EV71 replication and induced the production of IL-8. Additionally, the EV71 capsid proteins served as pathogen-associated molecular patterns for TLR monomers and TLR2 heterodimer, activating innate immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Marietta M. Ravesloot-Chavez, Erik Van Dis, Sarah A. Stanley
Summary: Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes a significant number of deaths annually worldwide, where the role of innate immune cells and the inflammatory response in the infection process are crucial yet complex.Understanding the balance of cell-intrinsic control and inflammation regulation is essential for developing effective therapeutics and vaccines.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 39
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Yipeng Ren, Huaxi Liu, Siying Fu, Wenhao Dong, Baoping Pan, Wenjun Bu
Summary: The study identified eight cDNA sequences of R. philippinarum TLRs (RpTLRs) and classified them into four groups based on their protein structures. The evolutionary patterns of RpTLRs may be associated with their immune recognition and function. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that all RpTLRs were ubiquitously expressed in all test tissues and dominant in hemocytes.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenqian Li, Miao Li, Stephen M. Anthony, Yan Yu
Summary: This study reveals that the signaling crosstalk between Fc gamma receptor and Toll-like receptor is dependent on the spatial proximity on phagosomes, with synergy increasing as receptors get closer and inhibitory effects from Fc gamma RIIb being constant regardless of receptor proximity. The overall cellular responses result from an integration of these two mechanisms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Eileena F. Giurini, Mary Beth Madonna, Andrew Zloza, Kajal H. Gupta
Summary: In this review, we discuss the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cancer and their potential as a target for immunotherapy. TLRs are transmembrane receptors involved in innate immunity and can recognize molecules derived from microbes and damaged cells. Activation of TLRs can lead to either pro-tumoral effects or anti-tumoral effects, depending on the TLR and tumor type. Understanding the effects of TLR stimulation in cancer is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
Article
Dermatology
Kyung-Il Kim, Kyung Eun Jung, Young-Bin Shin, Chang-Deok Kim, Tae-Jin Yoon
Summary: In this study, we conducted a large-scale screening test on drugs approved for other diseases to find pigmentation-modulating agents. Among the potential drugs, sorafenib was selected for further investigation on its effect on pigmentation in melanoma cells. The results showed that sorafenib promoted pigmentation by increasing the melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Mechanistic studies revealed that this effect was mediated by the activation of beta-catenin signaling through the regulation of GSK3 beta phosphorylation.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Seungwha Paik, Jin Kyung Kim, Prashanta Silwal, Chihiro Sasakawa, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: This review article discusses the molecular details of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, focusing on priming/licensing and assembly steps, as well as protein-protein interactions, posttranslational modifications, and spatiotemporal regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery. Multiple positive and/or negative regulatory pathways providing upstream signals for NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly are also summarized, with the ultimate goal of developing methods for the prevention and treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Wonhyoung Seo, Prashanta Silwal, Ik-Chan Song, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: In this review, the multifaceted functions of autophagy in AML were discussed, including its link to genetic alterations, potential prognostic predictors, and drivers of AML tumorigenesis. The crosstalk between autophagy and tumor cell metabolism and its impact on AML progression and treatment were also examined. Additionally, the potential therapeutics for AML, such as autophagy regulators, were described, along with their translation into clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Jung-Min Shin, Kyung Min Kim, Chang Deok Kim, Young Lee, Sanghyun Park
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Jung-Min Shin, Kyung Min Kim, Mi Soo Choi, Sanghyun Park, Dongkyun Hong, Kyung-Eun Jung, Young-Joon Seo, Chang Deok Kim, Hanseul Yang, Young Lee
Summary: Alopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease causing chronic hair loss, with its exact pathogenesis still unclear. Recent studies have shown the importance of crosstalk between inflammasomes and mitophagy, a process that removes damaged mitochondria. This study found mitochondrial DNA damage in AA-affected scalp tissues and treated cells, as well as increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with treatment. Mitophagy induction was shown to alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and PINK1-mediated mitophagy played a critical role in inflammasome activation. These findings highlight the significance of mitophagy-inflammasome crosstalk in AA pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic targets.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Young Jae Kim, Eun-Jin Park, Sang-Hee Lee, Prashanta Silwal, Jin Kyung Kim, Jeong Seong Yang, Jake Whang, Jichan Jang, Jin-Man Kim, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: In this study, dimethyl itaconate (DMI) was found to have potential as a candidate for host-directed therapy (HDT) against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and nontuberculous mycobacteria. It can activate multiple immune defense mechanisms in the host to promote intracellular killing of mycobacteria and suppress inflammation. This research contributes to the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Kyung-Il Kim, Seung-Mee Kim, Young-Yoon Lee, Young Lee, Chang-Deok Kim, Tae-Jin Yoon
Summary: This study investigates the action mechanisms of the cholesterol-lowering drug pitavastatin on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. The results show that pitavastatin dose-dependently induces apoptosis of cutaneous SCC cells, but has no effect on normal keratinocytes. Further experiments reveal that pitavastatin-induced apoptosis is achieved through GGPP-dependent JNK activation.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Sang-Hoon Lee, Hee-Seok Seo, Seong Jun Seo, Chang-Deok Kim, Seung-Phil Hong
Summary: This study investigated the potential of plant extracts to enhance skin-barrier function by promoting lipid synthesis in keratinocytes. The results showed that Melia toosendan extract had the highest expression of lipid synthase and could improve skin-barrier function.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Changhyeon Kim, Jung-Min Shin, Doyeon Kim, Sanghyun Park, Dongkyun Hong, Kyung Eun Jung, Chang-Deok Kim, Young-Joon Seo, Young Lee
Summary: This study investigates the role of substance P (SP) in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA), finding that SP may contribute to AA by triggering localized inflammation, provoking inflammatory response, and inhibiting hair growth.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Kyung-Il Kim, Chang-Il Kwon, Jeung-Hoon Lee, Chang-Deok Kim, Tae-Jin Yoon
Summary: This study found that mitoxantrone reduces collagen synthesis by inhibiting TGF-(3/SMAD signaling and LARP6 expression in fibroblasts.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Eun-Jin Park, Prashanta Silwal, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: Recent studies have shown that Mycobacteroides abscessus infection is chronic and difficult to treat due to drug resistance, necessitating the development of new therapeutic approaches. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the relationship between Mabc and the immune system, and further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions.
Article
Dermatology
Yu-Ra Jung, Jung-Min Shin, Chang-Hyeon Kim, Sooil Kim, Chang-Deok Kim, Young-Joon Seo, Jeung-Hoon Lee, Myung Im, Young Lee, Young Ho Lee
Summary: The study found that PA can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering an inflammatory response before inducing inflammation in sebocytes, potentially playing a role in acne inflammation.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Jin Gwi Yoo, Xue Mei Li, Jae Kyung Lee, Sanghyun Park, Dongkyun Hong, Kyung Eun Jung, Young Lee, Young-Joon Seo, Chang Deok Kim, Jung-Min Shin, Chong Won Choi
Summary: The study showed that azidothymidine regulates IGF-1-induced lipogenesis by dysregulating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in sebocytes. This suggests that azidothymidine may be an effective candidate for controlling lipogenesis in sebocytes, providing early evidence for its potential as a new pharmacological agent.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
In Soo Kim, Prashanta Silwal, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: MFN2 plays a crucial role in regulating innate immune responses during viral and bacterial infections, as well as in coordinating inflammatory, atherogenic, and fibrotic responses. The crosstalk between mitochondrial dynamics and innate immune responses mediated by MFN2 may determine the outcomes of pathogenic infections.
Article
Dermatology
Dong-Kyun Hong, Mi-Ra Choi, Yul-Lye Hwang, Jae Kyung Lee, Young Lee, Young-Joon Seo, Sooil Kim, Young-Ho Lee, Chang-Deok Kim, Jeung-Hoon Lee
Summary: The study uncovered the possible roles of MDA5 in psoriasis. MDA5 expression was found to be increased in psoriatic skin and negatively regulated keratinocyte differentiation.
ANNALS OF DERMATOLOGY
(2021)