Article
Cell Biology
Dmitrii S. S. Vasilev, Anastasiia D. D. Shcherbitskaia, Natalia L. L. Tumanova, Anastasiia V. V. Mikhel, Yulia P. P. Milyutina, Anna A. A. Kovalenko, Nadezhda M. M. Dubrovskaya, Daria B. B. Inozemtseva, Irina V. V. Zalozniaia, Alexander V. V. Arutjunyan
Summary: Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia disturbs neuronal migration and brain development, leading to delayed maturation and motor reaction formation in offspring. This is likely due to changes in the expression of signaling molecules and disrupted blood flow in the placenta.
Article
Neurosciences
Arik Shvartsman, Oron Kotler, Ohad Stoler, Yana Khrapunsky, Israel Melamed, Ilya A. Fleidervish
Summary: Cortical pyramidal neurons have a persistent Na+ current (I-NaP) which plays an important role in neuronal input-output processing. The study reveals the subcellular distribution and mechanisms underlying the persistent Na+ current, showing that most I-NaP originates from the axon initial segment. Furthermore, endogenous polyamines constrain I-NaP availability in non-dialyzed cortical neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yasushi Hosoi, Tenpei Akita, Miho Watanabe, Takashi Ito, Hiroaki Miyajima, Atsuo Fukuda
Summary: Taurine plays an important role in the fetal and infant brain. This study investigated the effects of taurine depletion on the membrane excitability of pyramidal neurons in the mouse somatosensory cortex. The findings suggest that taurine depletion reduces neuronal responses to external stimuli.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anjing Chen, Shuai Hu, Dongmei Zhu, Rui Zhao, Chunying Huang, Yanli Gao
Summary: In this study, the protein composition of lipid droplets (LD) in Chinese hickory seeds at different developmental stages was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. High abundance proteins such as OLE2, CLO1, and HSD5 increased parallelly with embryo development, while low abundance proteins such as SLDP2, SMT1, and LDAP1 were the predominant proteins. A total of 62 differentially expressed proteins were identified, and their subcellular localization validated their association with LD.
Article
Horticulture
Yuke Sun, Wenqian Shang, Junhui Yuan, Zheng Wang, Songlin He, Yinglong Song, Liyun Shi, Yuxiao Shen, Jie Ma, Yufeng Xu, Jiange Wang
Summary: The PsARRO-1 gene was identified as specifically expressed in the early stage of root development, and its high expression was observed during root primordium germination phase. It was found to be significantly higher expressed in roots compared to stems and leaves, and played a positive regulatory role in tree peony root development.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Taner Arslan, Yanbo Pan, Georgios Mermelekas, Mattias Vesterlund, Lukas M. Orre, Janne Lehtio
Summary: The subcellular localization of a protein is crucial for understanding its functions. In this study, a mass spectrometry- and bioinformatics-based pipeline was developed to generate a comprehensive resource for protein subcellular localization in multiple human cancer cell lines. The protocol includes a detailed wet-lab procedure, quantitative MS-data analysis, machine learning-based classification, and visualization of the output. The pipeline was evaluated using different peptide pre-fractionation approaches and proved to be straightforward and robust, with the entire process being completed within 1-2 weeks.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Denisa Jansova, Daria Aleshkina, Anna Jindrova, Rajan Iyyappan, Qin An, Guoping Fan, Andrej Susor
Summary: This study investigates the subcellular distribution and translation of specific RNAs in oocytes and embryos, revealing instances of localized translation with distinctive regulatory implications. The researchers found that translationally dormant and abundant mRNAs CyclinB1 and Mos are localized in the cytoplasm of fully grown GV oocytes, forming cloud-like structures with abundant translation at the center of MII oocytes. Coupling detection of specific mRNA localization with their translation at the subcellular level is a valuable tool for quantitatively studying temporal and spatial translation of target mRNAs in developing cells.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joanne Watson, Michael Smith, Chiara Francavilla, Jean-Marc Schwartz
Summary: The correct subcellular localisation of proteins is crucial for their function, and can be quickly interpreted using the SubcellulaRVis tool.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Jun Wang, Marc Horlacher, Lixin Cheng, Ole Winther
Summary: RNA localization is important for spatial translation regulation, and this review discusses its molecular mechanisms, experimental techniques, and machine learning-based prediction tools. The three main molecular mechanisms controlling RNA localization to distinct cellular compartments, including directed transport, mRNA degradation protection, and diffusion/local entrapment, are reviewed. Advances in experimental methods provide ample data resources for the design of powerful machine learning models in RNA localization prediction. The review also covers publicly available predictive tools, serving as a guide for users and encouraging the development of more effective prediction models. Lastly, an overview of multimodal learning is presented as a potential new avenue for RNA localization prediction.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Biying Zhao, Xianrong Yi, Xin Qiao, Yan Tang, Zhimei Xu, Shanting Liu, Shaoling Zhang
Summary: The ASR gene family, encoding plant-specific proteins with ABA/WDS domains, plays crucial roles in fruit ripening, abiotic stress tolerance, and biotic stress resistance in plants. Identified in 27 Rosaceae species, the ASR genes underwent evolution primarily through purifying selection. Expression of PbrASR genes in pear was organ-specific and inducible by exogenous ABA, with the proteins mainly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hong Li, Alvaro Duque, Pasko Rakic
Summary: New studies in rodents have provided insights into the functions of the claustrum, suggesting its involvement in attention, salience detection, slow-wave generation, and neocortical network synchronization. However, the origin and development of the claustrum, particularly in primates, remain poorly understood. This study demonstrates that the claustrum in rhesus macaque embryos expresses neocortical molecular markers and undergoes two waves of neurogenesis, establishing a core and shell cytoarchitecture. Furthermore, the claustrum is found to be an independent pallial region, indicating its potentially unique role in cognitive control.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Wanting Yu, Yuao Sun, Qing He, Chaoying Sun, Tian Dong, Luhua Zhang, Yang Zhan, Naidong Wang, Yi Yang, Yujie Sun
Summary: The mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) in the PCV2 Cap is critical for Cap-induced apoptosis and essential for PCV2 replication, as deletion of the MLS is lethal for virus rescue.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Liangsheng Zhang, Wenjin Zou, Minghui Ni, Qiao Hu, Lelin Zhao, Xia Liao, Qi Huang, Rui Zhou
Summary: This study developed two inducible expression systems in Streptococcus suis and demonstrated their applications in the study of a key cell division protein and an essential gene. These genetic tools will further facilitate the functional study of other important genes of S. suis.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Yanbo Mao, Shutang Tan
Summary: Phosphatidylinositol is a crucial phospholipid that can be phosphorylated into phosphoinositides to regulate cellular functions. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the SAC family of phosphoinositide phosphatases in growth and development processes in plants.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hidenobu Miyazawa, Marteinn T. Snaebjornsson, Nicole Prior, Eleni Kafkia, Henrik M. Hammaren, Nobuko Tsuchida-Straeten, Kiran R. Patil, Martin Beck, Alexander Aulehla, Joshua M. Brickman
Summary: This study investigated how glycolytic flux affects embryonic development and found that fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) can serve as a sentinel metabolite to reflect glycolytic flux. Supplementation of FBP impaired mesoderm segmentation in mouse embryos, potentially by altering the subcellular localization of proteins. The study highlights the importance of glycolytic flux in cellular programs during embryonic development.