Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Arezoo Hosseini, Tohid Gharibi, Adel Mohammadzadeh, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan, Farhad Jadidi-niaragh, Zohreh Babaloo, Dariush Shanehbandi, Elham Baghbani, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: Ruxolitinib ameliorated the severity of EAE by modulating the balance between Th17 cells and Tregs, reducing inflammatory markers levels and increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Review
Neurosciences
Sofia Pereira das Neves, Joao Carlos Sousa, Nuno Sousa, Joao Jose Cerqueira, Fernanda Marques
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that affects about 2.5 million people worldwide. There is currently no cure for MS and the available treatments only slow the initial phases of the disease. Disease progression and disability in MS are better correlated with the maintenance of a persistent low-grade inflammation inside the CNS, driven by local glial cells like astrocytes.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kelley R. Jordan, Ivan Parra-Izquierdo, Andras Gruber, Joseph J. Shatzel, Peter Pham, Larry S. Sherman, Owen J. T. McCarty, Norah G. Verbout
Summary: The coagulation cascade and immune system are intricately linked and respond cooperatively to injury and infection. Evidence suggests that hyper-coagulation may be associated with autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis, where immune cell activation leads to myelin degradation in the central nervous system. Thrombin activity within the CNS may play a role in the pathogenesis of MS and inhibit remyelination processes.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nozomi Sachi, Naganori Kamiyama, Benjawan Saechue, Sotaro Ozaka, Astri Dewayani, Shimpei Ariki, Thanyakorn Chalalai, Yasuhiro Soga, Chiaki Fukuda, Yomei Kagoshima, Supanuch Ekronarongchai, Takashi Kobayashi
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune attack on the nerve myelin sheath. The balance between pathogenic Th17 cells and regulatory Treg cells, expressing chemokine receptor CCR6, is crucial in determining disease activity. The role of CCL20, the ligand of CCR6, in attracting immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS) in multiple sclerosis has not been fully understood. This study generated CCL20-knockout and CCR6-knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that the migratory function mediated by CCL20/CCR6 may not be necessary for the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Taekyun Shin, Meejung Ahn, Jeongtae Kim, Kyungsook Jung, Changjong Moon, Moon-Doo Kim
Summary: Visual disabilities are important symptoms in central nervous system autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Past studies have focused on neuro-inflammatory changes in the white matter of the brain, but lesions have been found in the visual pathway and retina/optic nerves. While retina and optic nerves are immunologically privileged sites, inflammation can occur via other routes.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Camponeschi, Maria De Carluccio, Susanna Amadio, Maria Elisabetta Clementi, Beatrice Sampaolese, Cinzia Volonte, Maria Tredicine, Vincenzo Romano Spica, Rosa Di Liddo, Francesco Ria, Fabrizio Michetti, Gabriele Di Sante
Summary: The study demonstrated a direct correlation between S100B and inflammatory processes, and investigated the effect of AA on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by inhibiting astrocytic S100B synthesis. The results showed that the AA-treated group had milder symptoms in the early phase of the disease and reduced various pathological features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Marina Boziki, Paschalis Theotokis, Evangelia Kesidou, Eleni Karafoulidou, Chrystalla Konstantinou, Iliana Michailidou, Yasemin Bahar, Ayse Altintas, Nikolaos Grigoriadis
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a neurodegenerative component. Age plays a role in the disease phenotype and progression, as well as the transition from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) to secondary progressive disease. Sex also influences disease phenotype and immune system in both humans and animal models. This review focuses on the effects of sex and aging on MS phenotype, immune system, and CNS, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dafni Birmpili, Imane Charmarke Askar, Lucas Dinh Pham-Van, Thomas Kuntzel, Caroline Spenle, Aurelien Riou, Dominique Bagnard
Summary: In this study, a molecular RNA signature for each phase of multiple sclerosis (MS) was established using the EAE-PLP animal model. By comparing variances of expression of known biomarkers, the study provides insights into the disease features. The research is important for understanding the pathophysiological processes and finding clinically relevant biomarkers of MS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Gareth Pryce, Sofia Sisay, Gavin Giovannoni, David L. Selwood, David Baker
Summary: The study found that BK channel openers have neuroprotective effects and can inhibit nerve loss and disability caused by autoimmune diseases. This could make them potential stand-alone neuroprotective agents or add-ons to treat multiple sclerosis.
Review
Cell Biology
Maria Concetta Geloso, Nadia D'Ambrosi
Summary: Microglia can rapidly respond to environmental changes and play a role in shaping neuronal wiring. They regulate the elimination of weaker synapses, actively participating in modulating neuronal function. Synaptic dysfunction may be an early and independent event in the neurodegenerative process associated with diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Review
Immunology
Donghui Shen, Kang Liu, Hongyan Wang, Haifeng Wang
Summary: Autophagy plays a significant role in both protective and detrimental effects in multiple sclerosis (MS). Targeting autophagy may be a potential therapeutic approach, but further studies are needed to determine its mechanisms.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wenlin Hao, Qinghua Luo, Michael D. Menger, Klaus Fassbender, Yang Liu
Summary: Anti-CD52 therapy demonstrates neuroprotective effects in EAE mice by reducing T lymphocyte counts, preventing myelin loss, and protecting neurons. Neuronal BDNF regulates the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of CD52 antibody in EAE mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shishi Shen, Xi Cheng, Luyao Zhou, Yipeng Zhao, Hai Wang, Jie Zhang, Xiaobo Sun, Yuge Wang, Yaqing Shu, Yanteng Xu, Yu Tao, Mingqiang Li, Zhengqi Lu, Wei Cai, Guangjun Nie, Wei Qiu
Summary: This study developed neutrophil-derived nanovesicles (NNVs) to enhance the efficiency of myelin debris clearance in microglia for multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. The results showed that NNVs treatment ameliorated lesional neuroinflammation and improved neurological functions and white matter integrity in a mouse model of MS. Additionally, NNVs treatment upregulated the expression of NRF2 in microglia and activated the transcription of RUBCN, leading to enhanced phagocytosis of myelin debris.
Article
Immunology
Byunghyun Park, Yu Sun Jeong, Wonseok Hu, Mingyu Lee, Ji Cheol Kim, Geon Ho Bae, Yong-Soo Bae, Yoe-Sik Bae
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that damages the brain and spinal cord, leading to paralysis. Recent research has shown that B cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MS, as autoantibodies from B cells are closely related to central nervous system damage and prognosis. Regulating the activity of antibody secreting cells may be linked to the severity of MS symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Javier Marin-Prida, Nancy Pavon-Fuentes, Nielsen Lagumersindez-Denis, Hanlet Camacho-Rodriguez, Ana Margarita Garcia-Soca, Rocio De La Caridad Sarduy-Chavez, Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira, Juliana Carvalho-Tavares, Viviana Falcon-Cama, Julio Raul Fernandez-Masso, Ignacio Hernandez-Gonzalez, Gillian Martinez-Donato, Gerardo Guillen-Nieto, Eduardo Penton-Arias, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Giselle Penton-Rol
Summary: In this study, the potential benefits and mechanisms of action of Phycocyanobilin (PCB) in combating chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a nonclinical model of multiple sclerosis (MS), were evaluated. The study found that PCB can improve neurological symptoms, reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, and regulate relevant genes at the genetic level. In addition, PCB can reduce demyelination, decrease neuronal damage, and promote the generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. The combination of PCB with Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) showed better therapeutic effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)