Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marije J. D. Huitema, Eva M. M. Strijbis, Antonio Luchicchi, John G. J. M. Bol, Jason R. Plemel, Jeroen J. G. Geurts, Geert J. Schenk
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. This study introduced and validated a novel standardized method for more precise myelin quantification in progressive MS brains. The method showed excellent inter-rater agreement and reliability in quantifying myelin content in human post-mortem samples.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tarun Kapoor, Sidharth Mehan, Manisha Suri, Nidhi Sharma, Nitish Kumar, Acharan S. Narula, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Abdullah F. Alasmari, Metab Alharbi, Mohammed A. Assiri, Reni Kalfin
Summary: In this study, the neuroprotective potential of Forskolin (FSK) in treating EB-induced demyelinated experimental multiple sclerosis (MS) rats was explored. The results showed that FSK combined with standard medications improved behavioral dysfunctions, promoted remyelination, restored mitochondrial function and neurotransmitter levels, reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers, and prevented oligodendrocyte death.
Article
Neurosciences
Darpan Saraswat, R. Ross Welliver, Roopa Ravichandar, Ajai Tripathi, Jessie J. Polanco, Jacqueline Broome, Edward Hurley, Ranjan Dutta, M. Laura Feltri, Fraser J. Sim
Summary: IFN-gamma, a proinflammatory cytokine elevated in multiple sclerosis, induces pathologic quiescence in human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via upregulation of the transcription factor PRRX1. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a key role in modulating IFN-gamma signaling following demyelination, and its modulation can mitigate the negative effects of proinflammatory signaling in the inflamed and demyelinated human brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilias Kalafatakis, Domna Karagogeos
Summary: This review summarizes the regulation of myelination by oligodendrocytes under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the role of microglia in myelin generation, regeneration, and repair. The beneficial and detrimental roles of microglia in remyelination are discussed, along with the cellular and molecular components involved. Recent findings related to preclinical models using human stem cells for studying microglia in human pathologies and the impact of the microbiome on glial cell functions are also presented.
Article
Immunology
Miranda M. Standiford, Ethan M. Grund, Charles L. Howe
Summary: This study revealed that citrullinated myelin induces a unique microglial response with increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Injection of citrullinated myelin inhibits spontaneous remyelination significantly, while neutralization of TNF alpha restores remyelination to normal levels.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Khalil S. S. Rawji, Bjorn Neumann, Robin J. M. Franklin
Summary: Aging has significant effects on the functional phenotype of glial cells, leading to an inflammatory microenvironment and increased risk of neuron and synapse loss. Additionally, aging glial cells have negative implications for central nervous system remyelination.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Klara Holikova, Hanne Laakso, Raimo Salo, Artem Shatillo, Antti Nurmi, Martin Bares, Jiri Vanicek, Shalom Michaeli, Silvia Mangia, Alejandra Sierra, Olli Grohn
Summary: The study investigated the capabilities of the novel MRI technique RAFF4, along with MT and DTI, in detecting changes in myelin content and microstructure during remyelination after LPC-induced demyelination in rat brain. The combination of RAFF4, MT, and DTI showed potential in differentiating between normal, demyelinated, and remyelinated axons, as well as gliosis, providing a detailed assessment of white matter pathologies in neurological diseases.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Cheng Ju, Fangyu Yuan, Lu Wang, Caixia Zang, Jingwen Ning, Meiyu Shang, Jingwei Ma, Gen Li, Yang Yang, Qiuzhu Chen, Yueqi Jiang, Fangfang Li, Xiuqi Bao, Dan Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the role of CXCR2 in oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and remyelination. The results showed that inhibiting CXCR2 enhanced OPC differentiation and remyelination by promoting myelin protein formation. Furthermore, the study revealed that PDE10A is a downstream protein of CXCR2 that regulates OPC differentiation. Inhibition of CXCR2 resulted in reduced PDE10A expression, while inhibition of PDE10A did not affect CXCR2. Inhibition of PDE10A promoted OPC differentiation, while overexpression of PDE10A down-regulated OPC differentiation. The study also found that inhibition of CXCR2/PDE10A activated the cAMP/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, leading to up-regulation of key transcription factors and ultimately promoting remyelination and myelin protein biosynthesis.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Catherine Lubetzki, Bernard Zalc, David Kremer, Patrick Kuery
Summary: Recent research has shown that the human brain has the ability to self-regenerate demyelinated lesions, opening up possibilities for repairing and protecting nerve fibers in multiple sclerosis patients. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the remyelination process and provides an update on current strategies for promoting endogenous myelin repair.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Vanja Tepavcevi, Catherine Lubetzki
Summary: The failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) is often characterized by low oligodendrocyte progenitor cell density. Stimulating this process may be crucial for achieving myelin regeneration.
Review
Neurosciences
Kelley C. C. Atkinson, Marvellous Osunde, Seema K. K. Tiwari-Woodruff
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with mitochondrial energy production failure. Mitochondrial morphology changes and impaired transport contribute to neurodegeneration and disability in MS. Current methodologies for studying mitochondria in MS only provide a partial understanding, and cell-specific studies in animal models are needed for a comprehensive understanding.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
J. William L. Brown, Nick G. Cunniffe, Ferran Prados, Baris Kanber, Joanne L. Jones, Edward Needham, Zoya Georgieva, David Rog, Owen R. Pearson, James Overell, David MacManus, Rebecca S. Samson, Jonathan Stutters, Charles Ffrench-Constant, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Carla Moran, Paul D. Flynn, Andrew W. Michell, Robin J. M. Franklin, Siddharthan Chandran, Daniel R. Altmann, Declan T. Chard, Peter Connick, Alasdair J. Coles
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of non-selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene in promoting remyelination in patients with multiple sclerosis. The results showed that the bexarotene treatment group had more adverse events and poor efficacy outcome, therefore not recommended for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sabrina Ait Amiri, Cyrille Deboux, Feryel Soualmia, Nancy Chaaya, Maxime Louet, Eric Duplus, Sandrine Betuing, Brahim Nait Oumesmar, Nicolas Masurier, Chahrazade El Amri
Summary: In this study, low-molecular-weight inhibitors targeting KLK6 were designed and evaluated, with selected hit compounds showing selectivity within the KLK6 proteolytic network involved in MS pathology. These hit compounds were found to be noncytotoxic on primary cultures of neurons and OPCs, and two compounds were shown to promote OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes, suggesting their potential as leads for regenerative therapies.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefan Gingele, Thiemo M. Moellenkamp, Florian Henkel, Lara-Jasmin Schroeder, Martin W. Huemmert, Thomas Skripuletz, Martin Stangel, Viktoria Gudi
Summary: This study focuses on the use of the cuprizone model in aged mice to mimic the impaired regeneration ability seen in multiple sclerosis. The researchers found that there were multiple cellular and molecular changes related to the remyelination process. In aged mice, the gray matter regions showed synaptic and dendritic loss during demyelination, which were not fully recovered in the remyelination phase.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ricardo Julian Cabezas Perez, Marco Fidel Avila Rodriguez, Doris Haydee Rosero Salazar
Summary: Exogenous antioxidants can promote nerve and skeletal muscle regeneration, reduce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and play a critical role in the treatment of neuromuscular demyelinating diseases.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Farajollah Jafari, Mahdi Goudarzvand, Ramin Hajikhani, Mostafa Qorbani, Jalal Solati
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Pycnogenol as an antioxidant on motor function, depression, and the expression of NF-kappa B and Nrf2 genes in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. The results showed that Pycnogenol can improve motor function and depression symptoms in Parkinson's mice, and increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene Nrf2 while having no significant effect on the expression of NF-kappa B gene.
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mozhgan Alipour, Behnam Hajipour-Verdom, Parviz Abdolmaleki, Mohammad Javan
Summary: This study investigated the transfer mechanism of Ca2+ in the TRPV2 channel and identified the crucial role of electrostatic interactions and specific residues in ion permeation through the channel.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Morteza Salimi, Farhad Tabasi, Maryam Abdolsamadi, Samaneh Dehghan, Kolsoum Dehdar, Milad Nazari, Mohammad Javan, Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh, Mohammad Reza Raoufy
Summary: Neural synchrony plays an important role in brain circuits, and Alzheimer's disease disrupts this synchrony in specific circuits, leading to memory impairment. Some early affected regions in the brain are closely connected to the olfactory bulb. This study found that amyloid-beta reduces the synchrony in these circuits during a novel object recognition task, which is correlated with impaired recognition memory.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatemeh Honarvar, Vida Hojati, Leila Zare, Nuredin Bakhtiari, Mohammad Javan
Summary: The study found that ursolic acid can promote myelin repair in patients with multiple sclerosis, reduce inflammation and gliosis, and increase the number of new oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination. Following long-term demyelination, ursolic acid can restore gliosis and TNF-alpha to their normal levels.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mozhgan Alipour, Behnam Hajipour-Verdom, Mohammad Javan, Parviz Abdolmaleki
Summary: Magnetic fields can remotely influence cellular homeostasis by affecting cell physicochemical reactions. This study investigated the effects of static magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields on mesenchymal stem cells, and found that they can increase reactive oxygen species production and the expression of antioxidant defense systems, as well as alter intracellular pH. Different magnetic fields have different effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and necrosis. These findings reveal the importance of magnetic fields in stem cell behaviors.
RADIATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Sahar Farhangi, Elham Karimi, Khosro Khajeh, Saman Hosseinkhani, Mohammad Javan
Summary: Drug development for multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical management is challenging due to various factors. This study demonstrated the potential of a specific peptide in targeting and treating MS lesions, leading to enhanced myelin content and reduced astrocyte/microglia activation.
NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nasrin Jangjoo Ghalat, Koroush Shahpasand, Mohammad Javan
Summary: In this study, we found increased levels of cis-phosphorylated tau (cis-p-tau) in a lyso-phosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination model, especially in axons and microglia. Clearance of cis-p-tau using an antibody resulted in decreased gliosis, protected myelin, and reduced axon degeneration, improving visual acuity and the integrity of the optic pathway.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sohrab Anvari, Forough Foolad, Mohammad Javan, Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh, Yaghoub Fathollahi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of morphine on synaptic transmission in different regions of the hippocampus. Measurements of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials were taken in transverse slices from different parts of the hippocampus in rats exposed to repeated morphine. The study found that repeated morphine exposure caused changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity in the dentate gyrus and CA1 regions along the hippocampal long axis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Atefeh Rayatpour, Forough Foolad, Motahareh Heibatollahi, Khosro Khajeh, Mohammad Javan
Summary: A study showed that iron released during myelin breakdown in multiple sclerosis (MS) exacerbates tissue damage, which is in agreement with the features of ferroptosis. The study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in demyelination and the effectiveness of ferroptosis inhibitor, deferiprone (DFP), in reducing demyelination, inflammation, and axonal damage. The results suggest that targeting iron deposition with DFP treatment could be a promising therapeutic strategy for MS.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nasim Saeidi, Hadi Goudarzvand, Hamed Mohammadi, Amirhossein Mardi, Shadi Ghoreishizadeh, Navid Shomali, Mahdi Goudarzvand
Summary: This study aims to find a simple, non-invasive, valuable biomarker for early detection and potential treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The results showed that the down-regulation of miR-193a was associated with increased CRP levels, CSF IgG positivity, and MSSS, suggesting that miR-193a may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic indicator for MS.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Zohreh Tavassoli, Mohammad Javan, Narges Hosseinmardi, Yaghoub Fathollahi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC) on hippocampal-dependent learning and neurogenesis in mice. Phasic LC modulation improved behavioral acquisition and cell proliferation in the dorsal dentate gyrus, while tonic VTA stimulation enhanced passive avoidance acquisition and increased cell proliferation in the intermediate dentate gyrus. The findings suggest that electrical impulses from the LC and VTA can modulate cell proliferation along the adult mouse dentate gyrus in a learning-dependent manner.
IBRO NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Akram Mokhtarzadeh Khanghahi, Atefeh Rayatpour, Hossein Baharvand, Mohammad Javan
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which leads to focal demyelinated lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Understanding the events occurring during the demyelination and remyelination processes can offer new strategies for MS treatment.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saghar Rabieipoor, Meysam Zare, Miren Ettcheto, Antoni Camins, Mohammad Javan
Summary: This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of metformin in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that metformin reduced inflammatory cells and reactive astrocytes as well as the dying neurons in the hippocampus region and the cortex, and improved cognitive performance.
Article
Neurosciences
Forough Foolad, Zahra Samadi-Bahrami, Fariba Khodagholi, Seyed Massood Nabavi, G. R. Wayne Moore, Mohammad Javan
Summary: This study suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in some epigenetics and metabolism modifying factors in the CNS and peripheral blood cells may contribute to or correlate with the progression of multiple sclerosis.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zahra Ataie, Samira Choopani, Forough Foolad, Fariba Khodagholi, Mahdi Goudarzvand
Summary: Studies have shown the beneficial role of vitamin D-3 in neuro-cognitive function and the involvement of nitric oxide in neuro-protection. However, excessive production of nitric oxide may contribute to brain disorders. In this study, vitamin D-3 administration significantly decreased the time and distance required to reach the platform in rats. It also decreased the time spent in the target zone. These findings suggest a potential effect of vitamin D-3 on cognition.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
