Article
Genetics & Heredity
Tongwu Zhang, Philippe Joubert, Naser Ansari-Pour, Wei Zhao, Phuc H. Hoang, Rachel Lokanga, Aaron L. Moye, Jennifer Rosenbaum, Abel Gonzalez-Perez, Francisco Martinez-Jimenez, Andrea Castro, Lucia Anna Muscarella, Paul Hofman, Dario Consonni, Angela C. Pesatori, Michael Kebede, Mengying Li, Bonnie E. Gould Rothberg, Iliana Peneva, Matthew B. Schabath, Maria Luana Poeta, Manuela Costantini, Daniela Hirsch, Kerstin Heselmeyer-Haddad, Amy Hutchinson, Mary Olanich, Scott M. Lawrence, Petra Lenz, Maire Duggan, Praphulla M. S. Bhawsar, Jian Sang, Jung Kim, Laura Mendoza, Natalie Saini, Leszek J. Klimczak, S. M. Ashiqul Islam, Burcak Otlu, Azhar Khandekar, Nathan Cole, Douglas R. Stewart, Jiyeon Choi, Kevin M. Brown, Neil E. Caporaso, Samuel H. Wilson, Yves Pommier, Qing Lan, Nathaniel Rothman, Jonas S. Almeida, Hannah Carter, Thomas Ried, Carla F. Kim, Nuria Lopez-Bigas, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Jianxin Shi, Yohan Bosse, Bin Zhu, Dmitry A. Gordenin, Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Stephen J. Chanock, David C. Wedge, Maria Teresa Landi
Summary: Whole-genome sequencing of lung cancer in never smokers identifies different copy number subtypes and shows a lack of tobacco smoking signatures, even in cases exposed to secondhand smoke.
Review
Immunology
Piotr Kusnierczyk
Summary: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, and the trends of lung cancer epidemiology largely reflect past trends of cigarette smoking. The geographic patterns of mortality closely follow those of incidence. While lung cancer is strongly associated with cigarette smoking, it is important to note that only a small percentage of smokers develop the disease and there is also lung cancer in never-smokers. Lung cancer in never-smokers, though less common, is still a significant cause of cancer deaths globally. The genetic differences between lung cancer in smokers and never-smokers, including gene expression, gene mutations, and ethnic and gender differences, will be the focus of this review, along with a brief overview of treatment options for both groups.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Siddhartha Devarakonda, Yize Li, Fernanda Martins Rodrigues, Sumithra Sankararaman, Humam Kadara, Chandra Goparaju, Irena Lanc, Kymberlie Pepin, Saiama N. Waqar, Daniel Morgensztern, Jeffrey Ward, Ashiq Masood, Robert Fulton, Lucinda Fulton, Michael A. Gillette, Shankha Satpathy, Steven A. Carr, Ignacio Wistuba, Harvey Pass, Richard K. Wilson, Li Ding, Ramaswamy Govindan
Summary: The study analyzed genomic and transcriptomic data from never-smoker lung adenocarcinoma samples, finding a high prevalence of clinically actionable driver alterations and potential role of germline variants in DNA repair genes and passive exposure to cigarette smoke in the pathogenesis of a subset of never-smoker LUADs. The findings also highlight the importance of obtaining biopsies with adequate cellularity for clinical genomic testing in these patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Viviane Teixeira L. de Alencar, Amanda B. Figueiredo, Marcelo Corassa, Kenneth J. Gollob, Vladmir Cordeiro C. de Lima
Summary: Lung cancer is the second most common and the most lethal malignancy worldwide, with lung cancer in never smokers accounting for 10-25% of cases. These tumors have a better prognosis but poor response to immune therapy, possibly due to factors like low immunogenicity and constitutive PD-L1 expression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Renelle Myers, Michael Brauer, Trevor Dummer, Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra, John Yee, Barbara Melosky, Cheryl Ho, Anna L. McGuire, Sophie Sun, Kyle Grant, Alexander Lee, Martha Lee, Weiran Yuchi, Martin Tammemagi, Stephen Lam
Summary: The study revealed that non-smokers with lung cancer, especially females and Asians, had higher exposure to outdoor air pollution, indicating a significant association between air pollution and lung cancer risk for this group.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chunyue Wang, Zhenlong Zhang, Yulan Sun, Song Wang, Mengmeng Wu, Qiuxiang Ou, Yang Xu, Zhiming Chen, Yang Shao, Hong Liu, Peifeng Hou
Summary: This study depicted the mutational profiles of NSCLC patients with RET fusions at baseline or after resistance to EGFR-TKIs. The results suggest that RET fusions may mediate secondary resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs and could be associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Silvia Novello, Raffaele Califano, Niels Reinmuth, Antonella Tamma, Tarun Puri
Summary: This narrative review aims to summarize the efficacy and safety of available therapies for RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and central nervous system (CNS) metastases. It provides background information on RET rearrangements in NSCLC and molecular testing options, along with an overview of clinical guidelines for broad molecular testing. The review discusses the efficacy and safety of potential treatments, including multikinase inhibitors, RET-selective inhibitors, pemetrexed-based therapy, and immunotherapies, and highlights RET-selective inhibitors as preferred first-line therapy options for RET fusion-positive metastatic NSCLC.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Hamouz, Raneem Y. Hammouz, Muhammad Ahmed Bajwa, Abdelrahman Waleed Alsayed, Magdalena Orzechowska, Andrzej K. Bednarek
Summary: There is a lack of information about lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS), and there are differences in genetic mutations and other characteristics between smokers and never smokers, suggesting a different form of the disease in LCINS. Understanding the genetic alterations in LCINS and the overall genomic landscape will help identify new treatment targets and improve outcomes. Differences in treatment response and tumor characteristics between never smokers and smokers highlight the need for further research in this area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Qing Zhou, Jun Zhao, Jianhua Chang, Huijie Wang, Yun Fan, Ke Wang, Gang Wu, Weiqi Nian, Yuping Sun, Meili Sun, Xiangcai Wang, Huaqiu Shi, Xiangqian Zheng, Sheng Yao, Mengmeng Qin, Zhenwei Shen, Jason Yang, Yi-Long Wu
Summary: The efficacy and safety of pralsetinib were evaluated in Chinese patients with advanced RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Pralsetinib demonstrated robust and durable clinical activity with a well-tolerated safety profile in both pretreated and treatment-naive patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elinor Nemlander, Andreas Rosenblad, Eliya Abedi, Simon Ekman, Jan Hasselstrom, Lars E. Eriksson, Axel C. Carlsson
Summary: The study aimed to predict lung cancer in different smokers using an adaptive e-questionnaire. The researchers identified predictors associated with lung cancer and developed predictive models. Age, sex, and education level were the most important predictors in all models.
Article
Oncology
Emilia Rissanen, Sanna Heikkinen, Karri Seppa, Heidi Ryynanen, Johan G. Eriksson, Tommi Harkanen, Pekka Jousilahti, Paul Knekt, Seppo Koskinen, Satu Mannisto, Ossi Rahkonen, Harri Rissanen, Nea Malila, Maarit A. Laaksonen, Janne Pitkaniemi
Summary: The study found a decreasing trend in lung cancer incidence among never smoking men in Finland, while there was no significant change among never smoking women. Additionally, it was observed that greater height in women was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Zixiong Shen, Binxu Qiu, Lin Li, Bo Yang, Guanghu Li
Summary: This review provides an overview of the characteristics and fusion methods of RET genes, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods for RET fusions, summarizes the recent application of non-selective and selective RET fusion-positive inhibitors, and discusses the mechanisms and coping strategies of resistance to these inhibitors.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Takuo Hayashi, Igor Odintsov, Roger S. Smith, Kota Ishizawa, Allan J. W. Liu, Lukas Delasos, Christopher Kurzatkowski, Huichun Tai, Eric Gladstone, Morana Vojnic, Shinji Kohsaka, Ken Suzawa, Zebing Liu, Siddharth Kunte, Marissa S. Mattar, Inna Khodos, Monika A. Davare, Alexander Drilon, Emily Cheng, Elisa de Stanchina, Marc Ladanyi, Romel Somwar
Summary: The study demonstrates that cabozantinib is effective in targeting lung cancers with RET rearrangements by inhibiting tumor growth and activating specific apoptotic pathways. Additionally, cabozantinib suppresses MYC protein levels induced by RET expression, suggesting new therapeutic strategies for RET fusion-driven lung cancers. The novel RET fusion-dependent preclinical models offer valuable tools for refining current therapies and exploring new treatment approaches.
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Guanglin Shi, Yuyan Luo, Zhaonan Yu, Yue Wang, Bojin Zhu
Summary: A rare form of RET fusion in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was discovered in a Chinese patient, offering a new treatment option.
INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nicolas Piton, Marie-Delphine Lanic, Florent Marguet, Aude Lamy, France Blanchard, Florian Guisier, Mathieu Viennot, Mathieu Salaun, Luc Thiberville, Fabrice Jardin, Jean-Christophe Sabourin, Philippe Ruminy
Summary: LD-RT-PCR assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of lung cancer, outperforming the standard routine process. This technique has been successfully implemented in routine analysis and is considered as a cost-effective alternative.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2021)