Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rana F. Chehab, Assiamira Ferrara, Siwen Zheng, Dinesh K. Barupal, Amanda L. Ngo, Liwei Chen, Oliver Fiehn, Yeyi Zhu
Summary: A study identified and validated metabolomic biomarkers related to refined grain intake for the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM). Clusters of glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids were found to be associated with both refined grain intake and GDM risk, providing evidence on the potential biological mechanisms linking refined grain intake to GDM risk and suggesting novel dietary biomarkers for GDM prevention.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Asma Ahmed, Laura C. Rosella, Maryam Oskoui, Tristan Watson, Seungmi Yang
Summary: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada found that children of mothers with pregestational diabetes had a higher risk of cerebral palsy, while there was no significant association between gestational diabetes and cerebral palsy. Increased fetal size explained only a portion of the association between pregestational diabetes and cerebral palsy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mareike Grotheer, David Bloom, John Kruper, Adam Richie-Halford, Stephanie Zika, Vicente A. Aguilera Gonzalez, Jason D. Yeatman, Kalanit Grill-Spector, Ariel Rokem
Summary: The study evaluated a cross-sectional sample of newborns and found that white matter myelin grows faster before birth than after birth. The delayed myelin growth in preterm infants can be explained by the time they spent developing in utero and ex utero. These results suggest that myelinates faster in utero than ex utero, which may explain the lower myelin content and long-term developmental consequences in individuals born preterm.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathan A. Kaib
Summary: This article studies the changing discovery probability of long-period comets passing near the Sun over time, revealing that comets fade during prior distant passages and thus elude detection in subsequent return passages. It shows that comets making returning passages through the Saturn region are often missed by observation campaigns because they fade during even more distant passages exterior to Saturn. This offers new insights into the physical and dynamical properties of comets both near and far from Earth.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christine R. Langton, Brian W. Whitcomb, Alexandra C. Purdue-Smithe, Lynnette L. Sievert, Susan E. Hankinson, JoAnn E. Manson, Bernard A. Rosner, Elizabeth R. Bertone-Johnson
Summary: Suboptimal pregnancy conditions may affect ovarian development in the fetus and be associated with early natural menopause (ENM) for offspring. Prenatal DES exposure and low birth weight were found to increase the risk of ENM in offspring.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maja Thogersen, Karoline Kragelund Nielsen, Rasmus Wibaek, Peter Damm, Rikke Beck Jensen, Helene Nielsen, Helle Terkildsen Maindal, Gregers Stig Andersen
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the body mass index (BMI) trajectories of children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from birth to 10 years old and associate them with infant and maternal characteristics. The study identified three distinct BMI trajectories for children exposed to GDM, which were normal, late accelerating, and early accelerating. These BMI trajectories were associated with infant and maternal characteristics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Caitlin C. Murphy, Piera M. Cirillo, Nickilou Y. Krigbaum, Barbara A. Cohn
Summary: This study investigated the association between in utero exposure to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and the risk of cancer in offspring. The results showed that exposure in the first trimester increased the risk of any cancer, and the risk increased with the number of injections. Exposure in the second or third trimester conferred additional risk for male offspring, but not for female offspring. Furthermore, first trimester exposure was also associated with an increased risk of colorectal, prostate, and pediatric brain cancer.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kirsten M. Lynch, Jasmin M. Alves, Ting Chow, Kristi A. Clark, Shan Luo, Arthur W. Toga, Anny H. Xiang, Kathleen A. Page
Summary: Previous studies have shown that prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to an increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. This study explored the impact of GDM exposure on hippocampal morphology in children, revealing reduced radial thickness in the left inferior body of the hippocampus and reduced volume in the right CA1 subfield in boys. These findings suggest that GDM exposure may have sex-specific effects on hippocampal structure during childhood.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Belle Liu, Arthur Hong, Fred Rieke, Michael B. Manookin
Summary: Predictive motion encoding is an important aspect of visually guided behavior, with four parallel output pathways in the primate retina efficiently separating predictive information from nonpredictive information. The neural mechanisms responsible for detecting and encoding predictive motion correlations remain unclear, but nonlinear circuit mechanisms in the retina contribute to nearly optimal encoding of visual motion.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Weiwei Chen, Min Mao, Jin Fang, Yikai Xie, Yongjun Rui
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of fracture, possibly due to bone intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to bone strength damage. Traditional bone mineral density measurement methods may underestimate fracture risk in diabetes. Assessment tools and noninvasive examination methods can improve the prediction ability of fracture risk.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rania Kanchi, Priscilla Lopez, Pasquale E. Rummo, David C. Lee, Samrachana Adhikari, Mark D. Schwartz, Sanja Avramovic, Karen R. Siegel, Deborah B. Rolka, Giuseppina Imperatore, Brian Elbel, Lorna E. Thorpe
Summary: This national cohort study of US veterans found that the risk of type 2 diabetes in different community types is associated with the neighborhood food environment, with the relative density of fast-food restaurants positively correlated with risk, while the relative density of supermarkets is associated with lower risk in suburban and rural areas. This suggests that tailored interventions targeting supermarkets availability may help reduce diabetes risk, particularly in suburban and rural communities, while restrictions on fast-food restaurants could be beneficial in all community types.
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Madhura Mukhopadhyay
Summary: A method has been developed to cultivate gastrulating embryoids from stem cells outside of the body.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elaine L. Parker, Rachel B. Silverstein, Indira U. Mysorekar
Summary: Education of the human immune system begins in utero through T cell activation and memory development, and new evidence suggests that the fetal gut may be colonized by bacteria that prime T cell memories.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anne Laerke Spangmose, Niels Skipper, Sine Knorr, Tina Wullum Gundersen, Rikke Beck Jensen, Peter Damm, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Anja Pinborg, Jannet Svensson, Tine Clausen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and offspring cognition. The researchers used Danish registers to obtain test scores in math and reading from Danish children attending public schools. The study found that offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes achieved lower test scores compared to the background population but similar test scores compared to offspring of fathers with type 1 diabetes.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alexa M. Curt, Mia M. Kanak, Eric W. Fleegler, Amanda M. Stewart
Summary: Barriers related to language discordance exist for screening social needs in Spanish-speaking families in the emergency department, exacerbating existing inequities. Advocating for the expansion of interpreter teams, hiring multilingual research assistants, and standardizing certification processes to increase diversity in clinical research. Language equity is a critical first step in addressing oppression and exclusion within healthcare systems.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)