Review
Microbiology
Hui Han, Bao Yi, Ruqing Zhong, Mengyu Wang, Shunfen Zhang, Jie Ma, Yulong Yin, Jie Yin, Liang Chen, Hongfu Zhang
Summary: Feelings of hunger and satiety play crucial roles in maintaining life; gut microbiota have been implicated in appetite control, potentially affecting host metabolic health and leading to various metabolic disorders.
Article
Microbiology
Jie Wang, Huimei Fan, Siqi Xia, Jiahao Shao, Tao Tang, Li Chen, Xue Bai, Wenqiang Sun, Xianbo Jia, Shiyi Chen, Songjia Lai
Summary: This study induced diarrhea in rabbits by feeding them antibiotic-free feed and used multi-omics techniques to analyze the gut microbial compositions and functions as well as fecal metabolomic profiles. The results showed significant changes in gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, which were associated with the occurrence of diarrhea.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yuxiao Liao, Zhao Peng, Shiyin Xu, Zitong Meng, Dan Li, Xiaolei Zhou, Rui Zhang, Shaojun Shi, Liping Hao, Liegang Liu, Wei Yang
Summary: This study investigates whether deoxynivalenol (DON) can induce intestinal damage through gut microbiota in mice. The results show that DON exposure causes colon tissue damage, disruption of tight junction protein expression, increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice. DON exposure also alters the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota as well as the contents of fecal metabolites. Only a decrease in specific gene expression levels in the colon is observed after fecal microbiota transplantation. Additionally, depleting the gut microbiota in mice also results in histological damage and disrupted tight junction protein expression in the colon after DON exposure.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Salila Pradhan, Pratikshya Ray, Palok Aich
Summary: The study investigated the effects of cecal microbiota transplantation (CMT) from younger to older mice and found that the CMT recipient mice showed altered expressions of immune and tight junction protein genes. The results also indicated that mice who received CMT showed more efficient restoration of gut microbiota. Additionally, CMT alleviated Salmonella infection and promoted the recovery of the cecal index in mice following antibiotics treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haobin Zhao, Di Wang, Zhifu Zhang, Junfang Xian, Xiaosu Bai
Summary: The gut microbiota can regulate anti-tumor immunity and affect the efficacy of cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy, mainly through metabolites. This review discusses the functions of microbial metabolites on immunotherapy, and analyzes their potential applications as immune adjuvants and therapeutic targets to enhance ICIs.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yongjia Hu, Zhouzhou Chen, Chengchen Xu, Shidong Kan, Daijie Chen
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis is still unclear. Disturbances in the gut microbiota are associated with IBD, and probiotics may have beneficial effects on IBD but face challenges in application.
Review
Immunology
Meiqi Wang, Ge Yang, Yuan Tian, Qihe Zhang, Zhuo Liu, Ying Xin
Summary: Gastric cancer is a common and deadly disease, and early detection and effective therapy are crucial for reducing its occurrence. The human microbiota plays a role in maintaining physiological conditions and is also associated with various diseases, including cancer. Previous studies mainly focused on Helicobacter pylori in relation to gastric cancer, but other bacteria that affect the tumor microenvironment are involved in its progression and response to immunotherapy. This review provides comprehensive insights into the gut microbiota and its application in gastric cancer, including specific bacteria, their immunoregulatory effects, and diagnostic value. The relationship between microbial metabolism and potential applications for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer is also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia N. Peralta-Marzal, Naika Prince, Djordje Bajic, Lea Roussin, Laurent Naudon, Sylvie Rabot, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Paula Perez-Pardo
Summary: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral impairments and difficulties in social interaction and communication. Recent studies have shown that approximately 1 in 89 children in European countries have developed some form of ASD, presenting challenges in its diagnosis. Additionally, individuals with ASD often suffer from comorbid medical conditions, including gastrointestinal problems, which may indicate abnormal communication between the brain and gut.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jing Lu, Xiao Jin, Shengjie Yang, Yujuan Li, Xinyue Wang, Min Wu
Summary: The risk of cardiovascular disease is linked to changes in the gut microbiota. Disruption of immune mechanisms leads to the development of CVD. Regulating the gut microbiota can be an effective method for treating CVD.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jingyue Wang, Xianfeng Zhang, Xinyu Yang, Hang Yu, Mengmeng Bu, Jie Fu, Zhengwei Zhang, Hui Xu, Jiachun Hu, Jinyue Lu, Haojian Zhang, Zhao Zhai, Wei Yang, Xiaodan Wu, Yan Wang, Qian Tong
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that gut microbiota is important in the development and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, as well as myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease that can lead to myocardial damage and is a common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anna Onisiforou, George M. Spyrou
Summary: Bidirectional cross-talk between commensal microbiota and the immune system is crucial for regulating immune responses and forming immunological memory. This paper investigates the immunomodulatory effects of microbiota and their influence on immune responses and the development of immunological memory cells. It also explores the role of microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, MS, PD, and AD. The findings suggest the importance of microbiota in modulating the immune response and the potential impact on disease development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Coco Duizer, Marcel R. R. de Zoete
Summary: The impact of bacterial members of the microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer has been clarified in recent years. However, the contribution of bacteria to cancer development is still a topic of debate. Bacteria-derived metabolites, such as secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and indoles, have undeniable effects on CRC development, but their influence is nuanced and dependent on dose and location. As the variety of metabolites involved in CRC development increases, further emphasis should be placed on causation, mechanisms, and the roles of bacterial species within the microbiota.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhi-Yuan Chen, Hui-Wen Xiao, Jia-Li Dong, Yuan Li, Bin Wang, Sai-Jun Fan, Ming Cui
Summary: This study reveals that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can alleviate radiation pneumonia and improve lung function. Local chest irradiation alters the gut bacterial composition, which can be preserved by FMT. By supplementing PGF2 alpha produced by gut microbiota, inflammatory response in the lung can be reduced and respiratory function can be improved. The findings have implications for the clinical treatment of radiation therapy-associated complications.
Review
Oncology
Maik Luu, Burkhard Schuetz, Matthias Lauth, Alexander Visekruna
Summary: The tumor microenvironment consists of various non-malignant cells and soluble factors that surround cancer cells, playing a pro-tumorigenic role. Commensal bacteria have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression, as well as the suppression, of human cancers. Recent studies have revealed the presence of bacterial communities in solid tumors. This review highlights the complex interaction between gut-microbiota-derived metabolites and cells of the tumor microenvironment, and discusses the therapeutic potential of microbial molecules in enhancing intratumoral immune responses and improving cancer immunotherapies.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Bochen Song, Peng Li, Huiping Xu, Zhong Wang, Jianmin Yuan, Bingkun Zhang, Zengpeng Lv, Zhigang Song, Yuming Guo
Summary: Broilers raised in ground litter pens exhibit stronger immune function compared to those raised in cages, possibly due to the stimulation by environmental microbes. The differences in gut microbiota and metabolites between the two rearing systems contribute to the variations in immune function.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Andrew W. L. Rogers, Renee M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: A balanced gut microbiota is important for health, with competition and habitat filters influencing microbiota assembly and maintenance of homeostasis. Once the microbiota has matured, competition and habitat filtering can prevent new microbes from colonizing and protect against opportunistic infections. However, pathogens like Salmonella can overcome colonization resistance through virulence factors that trigger intestinal inflammation, disrupting the normal habitat filtering. This insight is relevant for understanding how inflammation can lead to dysbiosis and noncommunicable diseases.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Stephanie A. Cevallos, Jee-Yon Lee, Eric M. Velazquez, Nora J. Foegeding, Catherine D. Shelton, Connor R. Tiffany, Beau H. Parry, Annica R. Stull-Lane, Erin E. Olsan, Hannah P. Savage, Henry Nguyen, Star S. Ghanaat, Austin J. Byndloss, Ilechukwu O. Agu, Renee M. Tsolis, Mariana X. Byndloss, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) ameliorates colitis in mice by activating PPAR-γ signaling in the intestinal epithelium, and its anti-inflammatory activity requires the activation of epithelial PPAR-γ signaling.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Andreas J. Baumler, Karen M. Ottemann, Anthony R. Richardson
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Brittany M. Miller, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: An imbalance in the microbiota can lead to human illnesses, prompting efforts to rebalance it by targeting the microbes themselves. However, the host influences microbial growth by providing a habitat, suggesting that targeting the immune system for rebalancing the microbiota could be an alternative. Host control mechanisms shape the microbial habitat and confer colonization resistance against pathogens, with host components acting as habitat filters that select for microbial traits allowing growth and survival in host habitat patches.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 39
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Manuela Raffatellu, Andreas J. Baumler
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Woongjae Yoo, Jacob K. Zieba, Nora J. Foegeding, Teresa P. Torres, Catherine D. Shelton, Nicolas G. Shealy, Austin J. Byndloss, Stephanie A. Cevallos, Erik Gertz, Connor R. Tiffany, Julia D. Thomas, Yael Litvak, Henry Nguyen, Erin E. Olsan, Brian J. Bennett, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Amy S. Major, Andreas J. Baumler, Mariana X. Byndloss
Summary: It was found that chronic exposure to a high-fat diet can increase levels of circulating trimethlamine N-oxide, a potentially harmful metabolite generated by gut microbiota.
Article
Microbiology
Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Bevin C. English, Vladimir E. Diaz-Ochoa, Tamding Wangdi, Lillian F. Zhang, Miako Sakaguchi, Takeshi Haneda, Renee M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: Intracellular pathogens use virulence factors to generate a complement-dependent find-me signal for efferocytosis, thereby avoiding exposure to the extracellular milieu.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Alfonso-Garcia, Stephanie A. Cevallos, Jee-Yon Lee, Cai Li, Julien Bec, Andreas J. Baumler, Laura Marcu
Summary: This study tested the feasibility of using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) to non-destructively detect inflammation in thick tissue. The results showed that FLIm was sensitive to colon anatomy and colonocyte layer, and could detect changes in epithelial bioenergetics and physical structure related to inflammatory disease treatment.
Article
Microbiology
Megan J. Liou, Brittany M. Miller, Yael Litvak, Henry Nguyen, Dean E. Natwick, Hannah P. Savage, Jordan A. Rixon, Scott P. Mahan, Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Andrew W. L. Rogers, Eric M. Velazquez, Brian P. Butler, Sean R. Collins, Stephen J. McSorley, Rasika M. Harshey, Mariana X. Byndloss, Scott I. Simon, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: This study found that both commensal Escherichia coli and pathogenic Salmonella enterica utilize nitrate for intestinal growth, but they occupy different niches and compete for nitrate as a resource.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biology
Lauren C. Radlinski, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: Listeria monocytogenes relies on respiration to sustain a risky fermentative lifestyle during infection.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jee-Yon Lee, Renee M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: Changes in gut microbiota composition are linked to various human diseases. However, defining homeostasis or dysbiosis based on the presence or absence of specific microbial species has been unsuccessful. The adult gut microbiota is regulated by diet and host factors, with oxygen and nitrate availability shaping the bacterial community in different parts of the gut. Poor diet weakens host control mechanisms, potentially leading to dysbiosis. Therefore, quantifying host parameters that control microbial growth could offer alternative approaches to define and remediate dysbiosis.
Article
Microbiology
Lillian F. Zhang, Bernd Lepenies, Sayuri Nakamae, Briana M. Young, Renato L. Santos, Manuela Raffatellu, Brian A. Cobb, Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Andreas J. Baeumler
Summary: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever, and the recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. Typhi strains highlights the importance of vaccination. The study identified the human C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN as the receptor for the Vi capsular polysaccharide, which contributes to the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kishore R. Alugupalli, Sudeep Kothari, Matthew P. Cravens, Justin A. Walker, Darren T. Dougharty, Gregory S. Dickinson, Louis A. Gatto, Andreas J. Baumler, Tamding Wangdi, Darla R. Miller, Fernando Pardo-Manuel De Villena, Linda D. Siracusa
Summary: To investigate the genetic basis and effective therapeutic strategies for typhoid fever, the study used two recombinant inbred strains, CC003/Unc and CC053/Unc, which have a wider range of genetic diversity. These strains exhibited susceptibility to S. Typhi infection and showed histopathological changes characteristic of human typhoid, making them valuable models for studying typhoid susceptibility, S. Typhi virulence mechanisms, and testing vaccines and therapeutics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Alfredo Chavez-Arroyo, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: The spread of multidrug-resistant zoonotic pathogens, such as Salmonella, within livestock is a concern for food safety. Superspreaders, which shed the pathogen at high numbers with their feces, escalate the spread of Salmonella on the farm. However, there are currently no biomarkers to identify potential superspreaders. Kempf and coworkers found that a potent early inflammatory response to Salmonella infection and changes in the microbiota composition are associated with the superspreader phenotype in pigs. Further research is needed to predict animals that have the potential to become superspreaders.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anais B. Larabi, Hugo L. P. Masson, Andreas J. Baumler
Summary: Changes in gut microbiota composition are associated with human illnesses, and bile acids play a key role in shaping the microbiota. Bile acids exert antimicrobial activity and activate host signaling pathways to maintain gut homeostasis. Manipulating the composition or size of the bile acid pool could be a promising strategy to address dysbiosis and its associated diseases.
